Objective To establish a pretreatment mthod of the tissue sample of rat and a determination method of the concentration of isorhynchophylline in tissue of rats by RP-HPLC. Method The tissue sample were treated by adding methanol, and the supernatant was dried by nitrogen gas, the residue was redissolved in methanol, then detected by RP-HPLC directly. Waters? RP18 (4.6 mm?250 mm, 5 ?m) and pre-column Wondasil C18 (4.0 mm?10 mm, 5 ?m) were used as the stationary phase. Methanol-water (70∶30) added 0.03% triethylamine was taken as mobile phase with flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The wavelength of detection was 254 nm. Results The standard curve of Isorhynchophylline concentraton in rat tissues:Y=48.558X+0.207 6 (n=6), r=0.999 6, it appears a good linear relationship within the range of 0.16～16.0 ?g/mL. The average recovery of was 99.66%, RSD was 1.56%. Conclusion This mehod is sensitive, rapid, simple, specific and reproducible.

Objective To explore the pathogenesis of renal damage induced by melamine and the characteristics of kidney damage in rats.Methods Twenty Wister rats were randomly divided into one control group fed with normal pet food and one exposure group fed with animal food mixed with melamine at 25 mg(/kg?d).After 4 weeks,biochemical indexes of blood were determined,histopathological examination was performed,and kidney/body weight was measured among rats.The kidney slices were observed using light microscopy of animal anatomy.Renal tissues from affected rats were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.Kidney X-ray diffraction were performed to determine the existence of crystals Results After 4 weeks of melamine exposure,the rats showed polyuria,less activity,weight loss,increasing levels of serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,triglyceride.The appearance of kidney significantly changed.The diffuse distribution of the point and the flake crystal shadow were observed in kidney slices.Histopathological examination showed the existence of a large number of crystals in renal tubular,renal tubular epithelial damage.The analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed that crystals were composed of melamine and cyanuric acid.Kidney X-ray diffraction revealed that crystals could be found in kidneys of rats.Conclusion Melamine can enter the body through the digestive tract and generate partially cyanuric acid through hydrolysis.Then cyanuric acid and melamine formed cocrystals in renal tubules leading to progressive tubular blockage,renal tubular epithelial damage,tubular reabsorption dysfunction,eventually renal failure.

Objective To explore the renal toxicity induced by melamine intake single and combined with cyanuric acid.Methods Thirty-six clean weanling male Wister rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,12 in each,treated with melamine and cyanuric acid through food for 28 consecutive days,group 1 treated with melamine at 25 mg/kg,group 2 treated with melamine (25 mg/kg) plus cyanuric acid (25 mg/kg),group 3 is control,fed on normal pet food.After 4 weeks of treatment,the rats were sacrificed and blood indicators,histopathological examination of kidney were conducted.Renal tissues from the affected rats were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.Kidney X-ray diffraction was performed to determine the existence of crystals.Results In group 1 and 2,polyuria,hypokinesia and weight loss (P

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of extra uterine growth retardation (EUGR) in premature very low birth weight infants.Methods A total of 61 EUGR premature very low birth weight infants survived in intensive care unit of our hospital were enrolled into EUGR group,and at the same time another 50 non-EUGR premature very low birth weight infants were selected into non-EUGR group.The clinical related medical records in the two groups were compared and analyzed,and the influencing factors of EUGR was analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.Results The birth gestational age of EUGR group was (31.29±1.56)weeks,which was significantly lower than (33.98±1.35)weeks of the non-EUGR group (t=9.60,P<0.05).The birth weight of the EUGR group was (1 206.76±212.14)g,which was significantly lower than (1 341.55±103.26)g of the non-EUGR group (t=4.11,P<0.05).The hospital stay,return to birth weight time,start enteral nutrition time and total parenteral nutrition time in the EUGR group were (27.77±5.00)d,(15.36±5.91)d,(3.36±1.91)d,(16.93±4.02)d respectively,which were significantly longer than those in the non-EUGR group[22.69±3.97)d,(10.61±4.57)d,(2.61±1.37)d,(9.43±3.11)d](t=3.53,4.65,2.33,10.80,all P<0.05).The incidence rates of complications such as respiratory system,digestive system and metabolic disorder in the EUGR group were 26.23%,19.67% and 67.21%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the non-EUGR group(8.00%,6.00% and 40.00%)(x2=6.18,4.39,8.22,all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that low birth gestational age and birth weight,long hospital stay,later return to birth weight and total parenteral nutrition time,intrauterine growth retardation,and respiratory system,digestive system and metabolic disorder were independent risk factors for the occurrence of EUGR(all P<0.05).Conclusion The influencing factors of EUGR in very low birth weight infants were mainly low gestational age and birth weight,long hospital stay,later return to birth weight and total parenteral nutrition time,intrauterine growth retardation,and respiratory system,digestive system and metabolic disorder.Therefore,in order to prevent EUGR,active symptomatic measures should be given in clinic.

【Objective】 To identify the main factor or factors w hich contribute to recurrent early spontaneous abortion for clinical diagnosis a nd treatment. 【Methods】 69 cases received the screening examination including inherent, endocrine, anatomical, infective, immunological and contamination hist ory poison metabolic factors, then analyses all factors. 【Results】 Analysing the single factor effecting th e recurrent early spontaneous abortion in the above 7 factors, we found the immun ological factor was 86.2%. Furthermore the immunological factor had significant difference in the various aged groups. 【Conclusion】 Immunological factor is a main factor in recurrent early spontaneous abortion. The immunological factor b ecomes significantly important as the times of spontaneous abortion increasing.

Objective To explore the methods for training the abitity of critical thinking of ICU nurses.Methods ICU nurses were trained in terms of knowledge training, case study, care rounds, self-reflection, case discussion, simulation training and seminars. The Chinese version of the critical thinking disposition inventory(CTDI-CV)was used before and one year after the training.Result The scores on CTDI-CV as well as the items after training were all significantly higher than that before training(P<0.05).Conclusion The knowledge and ability in critical thinking can be improved by knowledge and skills training.

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is a major route of transmission of syphilis,and may occur at any time during pregnancy.MTCT of syphilis can lead to many adverse pregnancy outcomes,seriously affects maternal and infant health,and has been a severe public health and social problem.The risk of MTCT of syphilis is associated with stage of syphilis in pregnancy,stage of pregnancy,receiving or not receiving treatment,and is especially high in patients with early syphilis.With the growth of incidence of syphilis,the prevention for MTCT of syphilis has been becoming more and more important.Screening for and early treatment of syphilis in pregnancy can effectively block MTCT of syphilis.To learn the epidemiology,route,risk,and associated factors of MTCT of syphilis will undoubtedly facilitate the development of strategies for syphilis prevention and control.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of simvastatin preconditioning on the expression of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS,eNOS) in thoracic aorta in a rat model of sepsis.Methods Eighty pathogen-free female Wistar rats aged 4 months weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups:group normal control (group Ⅰ,n =8) ; group sham operation (group Ⅱ,n =8) ; group sepsis (group Ⅲ,n =32) and group simvastatin preconditioning (group Ⅳ,n =32).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ.In group Ⅳ simvastatin 20 mg/kg was given via a gastric tube once a day for 2 weeksbefore CLP.The thoracic aorta specimens were taken at 3,6,24 and 48 h after CLP (n =8 at each time point)for detection of iNOS and eNOS protein expression by Western blot analysis.ResultsCLP significantly up-regulated iNOS expression and down-regulated eNOS expression in group Ⅲ as compared with groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Simvastatin pretreatment significantly attenuated CLP-induced increase in iNOS expression and decrease in eNOS expression in group Ⅳ as compared with group Ⅲ.ConclusionSimvastatin preconditioning can protect vascular endothelial cells from septic injury by down-regulating iNOS expression and up-regulating eNOS expression in vascular endothelial cells.

Objective To investigate right ventricular(RV) dyssynchrony in patients with pulmonary hypertension(PH)by strain imaging.Methods Sixty PH patients were divided into three groups according to the pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP),20 healthy volunteers served as control group.RV structures parameters included RV end-diastolic area(RVEDA),end-systolic area(RVESA),the ratio of RV diameter and LV diameter(RVTD/LVTD).RV function parameters included RV fractional area change (RVFAC)and Tei index.RV strain parameters included the maxmal differences of the peak systolic strain(Max-ΔPST)and the maxmal differences of the time to peak systolic strain(Max-ΔT_(Q-S))of each segment.Results Compared with control group, Max-ΔT_(Q-S) and Max-ΔPST of PH groups were significantly larger (P<0.01).Max-ΔT_(Q-S) had strong correlations with PASP and RV structure and function parameters(P<0.01).Max-ΔPST had good correlations with PASP and Tei-index(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusions PH patients exhibit right ventricular dyssynchrony which correlates with right ventricular function and structure parameters.Right ventricular dyssynchrony parameters could evaluate right ventricular function in PH patients early by strain imaging.

Objective:To compare the difference of epileptiform discharges detection in patients with epilepsy between the 25 electrodes electroencephalogram (EEG) system proposed by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology in 2017 and the previous 19 electrodes EEG system.Methods:Patients suspected of epilepsy or with confirmed epilepsy who need a follow-up EEG were collected in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from March 2018 to November 2019, and conventional video-EEG recording was performed on all patients for two hours with the standard 25 electrodes EEG system. Two neurophysiologists reviewed the recordings blindly using the 19 electrodes system and the 25 electrodes system, marking the epileptiform discharges and their amplitudes. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 403 patients were included in the study, in which 263 cases were diagnosed as epilepsy, including 129 cases of generalized epilepsy, 115 cases of temporal lobe epilepsy, 13 cases of frontal lobe epilepsy, two cases of parietal lobe epilepsy and four cases of occipital lobe epilepsy. In 115 temporal lobe epilepsy patients, 76 (66.09%) and 100 (86.96%) records were detected epileptiform discharges by the 19 or 25 electrodes EEG system respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=13.939, P<0.001). While in patients with non-temporal lobe epilepsy, there was not statistically significant difference between the two systems. In 76 patients whose temporal epileptiform discharges were detected by the two systems, the amplitudes of epileptiform discharges in the newly-added inferior temporal electrodes (F9/F10, T9/T10, P9/P10) and the original temporal electrodes (F7/F8, T7/T8, P7/P8) were (61.53±22.64) μV and (48.25±20.90) μV, respectively, with statistically significant difference between the two groups ( t=5.486, P<0.001). In patients with abnormal [79.59% (39/49) vs 61.22% (30/49), χ2=3.967, P=0.046] and normal [95.45% (42/44) vs 70.45% (31/44), χ2=9.724, P=0.003] imaging, the ability of the 25 electrodes EEG system to detect epileptiform discharges was higher than that of the 19 electrodes EEG system. Conclusion:The 25 electrodes EEG system can significantly improve the detection ability of temporal epileptiform discharges in patients with epilepsy, which is recommended for regular use to increase the detection ability of temporal area abnormal wave and assist the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy.