In comparison to conventional thoracotomy,video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)is conducted in situations with a narrower surgical field and limited operational space.To successfully perform VATS,it is imperative to optimize the quality of lung isolation and collapse to the fullest extent.Delaying lung collapse might impede thoracic surgery.Various measures have been adopted clinically to enhance the speed and quality of lung collapse.This article provides a comprehensive review of the application and research of one-lung ventilation lung collapse technique in thoracic surgery.