This study was aimed to optimize extraction techniques of Compound Rhubarb Enema. Based on the for-mula principle of Compound Rhubarb Enema, effects of the amount of water, soaking time, extraction time and fre-quency on each index were studied. The content of Aloe-emodin, Rhein, Emodin, Chrysophanol, Physcion, Citric acid, and water soluble substance were taken into consideration. The best extraction condition was optimized by using the orthogonal test coupled with the multi-index comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the best condi-tion was soaking for 10 min, extraction time for 60 min, extraction for 3 times; and 6 times of water was added. It was concluded that this preparation techniques were feasible and reliable for the manufacturing process of Compound Rhubarb Enema.

OBJECTIVE: To study the photostability of the levofloxacin hydrochloride injection. METHODS: The content of levofloxacin hydrochloride was determined and its UV spectra changes were observed after being lighted by three different light sources-the UV light, the sunlight and the natural light for different periods of time. Whether there is any decomposed product or not was determined by TLC. RESULTS: There were decompositions of levofloxacin hydrochloride injection subjected to illumination from three light resources, with that under the sunlight decomposed faster; Rf value under TLC of the decomposed product was found to be 0.72. CONCLUSION: Levofloxacin hydrochloride injection should be kept away from UV light, the sunlight and the natural light.

Objective To understand HIV incidence in community residents and epidemiological characteristics of newly detected HIV infection cases in Dali,Yunnan province.Methods A cohort study was conducted among 146720 community residents who were tested to be HIV negative during 2010-2011,they were followed-up from June 1,2014 to May 31,2015.Results A total of 136356 community residents received follow up (92.9％).The follow-up time was 0.23-5.40 years (medium:3.43 years),cumulatively 459675 person years,and 78 people were found to be HIV positive.The incidence rate of HIV infection was 0.170/1000 person years.The incidence rate was 0.037/1000 person years in age group 15-29 years,0.288/1000 person years in age group 30-44 years,0.210/1000 person years in age group 45-59 years,0.204/1000 person years in age ≥60 years;0.213/1 000 person years in males,0.130/1000 person years in females;0.248/1000 person years inHan ethnic group,0.149/1000 person years in Minorities;0.194/1000 in people with education level ≤junior middle school,0.046/1000 person years in people with education level ＞ junior middle school;0.070/1000 person years in the unmarried,0.194/1000 person years in the married and 0.425/1000person years in the divorced/widowed.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that being male (HR=l.731),aged 30-44 years (HR=13.158),aged 45-59 years (HR=10.329),aged ≥60years (HR=8.291),unmarried (HR=3.162) and divorced/widowed (HR=2.689) were the risk factors for HIV infection,while the education level ＞ junior middle school (HR=0.132) was the protective factor for HIV infection.Conclusions By medium 3.43 years follow up,the cohort study showed that incidence rate HIV infection was 0.170/1000 person years in the community residents in Dali.Male,middle aged and old people,people with low education level,the unmarried and the divorced/widowed had relatively higher risk to be infected with HIV,Close attention should be paid to the prevention and control of AIDS in these populations.

The 2022 Fudan university doctorate academic public health forum hosted by the graduate school of Fudan university， the graduate work department of the party committee of Fudan university， and the school of public health of Fudan university was successfully held on December 10， 2022 in the school of public health of Fudan university. In the early stage， a total of 53 manuscripts from nationwide universities and research institutes were received， and 10 were selected as excellent papers to participate in the forum report. More than 100 teachers and students attended the forum. Focusing on the theme of " Adhering to the original ambition of scientific research to serve the country and practicing the mission of public health youth"， the major contents of the forums included excellent paper reports in the morning and round-table discussion in the afternoon. Experts and students conducted discussions and communications on prevention， control and management of public health emergencies. It is of great benefit for students to uphold the original intention，practice the mission and further improve public health research.