In recent years,a considerable number of epidemiological investigations and animal studies have confirmed that metabolic diseases, such as obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, have adverse effects on brain functions,inducing mood disorders and cognition impairment. Brain dysfunctions induced by obesity and related complications are associated with numerous central abnormalities,involving brain shrinkage and neurotrophic function impairment,brain insulin resistance, brain oxidative stress,and brain leptin resistance,as well as dysfunctioned dopamine motivation and the reward system. Moreover,these brain dysfunctions are mediated by several peripheral factors, such as triglycerides/free fatty acids,proinflammatory cytokines,and corticosterone/glucocorticoid. On the other hand,metabolic disturbances correlated with emotional-cognitive disorders are evident,but the mechanisms remain obscure. Because of the drawbacks of animal models, the majority of researches focus on the impact of mental stress on the metabolism of lipid and glucose. The interrela?tionship between metabolic diseases and brain functions has become one of the hot spots for research. In this review,we mainly discussed the potential mechanisms underlying mood disorders and cognition impairment induced by obesity and related complications.

OBJECTIVETo study the material basis of Dracocephalum moldavica for protecting cardiomyocyte against hypoxia/ reoxygenation injury by using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) serum chemical and pharmacological methods.

METHODThe extract of D. moldavica (DME) and its content absorbed into blood were determined, while blank serum and medicinal serum of rats before and after intragastrical administration of DME were also compared by HPLC. The Na2S2O4 or N2-based hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model was established by cultivating primary neonate rat cardiomyocytes or H9c2 cells in vitro. Cell viability, LDH release, T-SOD activity, MDA production and apoptosis were detected to learn the effect of DME, medicated serum and different treatments of medicinal serums under different dosage and action duration of DME on cardiomyocyte against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.

RESULTFour transitional components of DME absorbed into blood after intragastrical administration were found, three of which were original components and one possible metabolite. Furthermore, compared with the model group or the blank serum group, LDH release and MDA production (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) of DME extracts, medicated serum or different treatments of medicinal serum under different dosage and action duration of DME. However, T-SOD and cell viability were improved significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were also obviously inhibited.

CONCLUSIONThe four components absorbed into blood are probably the material basis of DME used for protecting cardiomyocyte agastin hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cytoprotection ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; secretion ; Lamiaceae ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley