Background The aqueous flare is obvious in uveitic glaucomatous eye due to the damage of blood-aqueous barrier,especially following intraocular surgery.How to quantitatively determine the aqueous flare is important for us to understand the severity of inflammatory response.Objective This study was to assess inflammatory response following Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in uveitic glaucomatous eye.Methods A nonrandomized controlled study was carried out under the approval of Ethic Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University.Twenty-nine eyes of 29 subjects with refractory glaucoma were enrolled this hospital from October 2011 through July 2012.The patients were divided into the uveitic glaucoma group (10 eyes) and the other refractory glaucoma group (19 eyes) with the matched demography,and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation was performed on all the eyes under the informed consent of each patient.The aqueous flare value was determined with FC-2000 flare-cell photometry and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with Goldmann tonometer before surgery and 1 day,3 days,1 week,2 weeks,1 month and 3 months after surgery.The outcomes were compared between the two groups,and the correlation of aqueous flare value with IOP was analyzed.Results In the uveitic glaucoma group,the aqueous flare values were 21.10 (10.50,38.58) photoparticles/ms,88.00 (23.55,168.63) photoparticles/ms and 29.90 (8.90,65.18)photoparticles/ms 1 day,3 days and 1 week after surgery,which were significantly higher than 13.53 (7.60,24.00) photoparticles/ms before surgery (all at P＜0.01).The same trend was found in the other refractory glaucoma group.In addition,the aqueous flare value was higher in the uveitic glaucoma group than that in the other refractory glaucoma group in 3 months after surgery (q=-3.445,P＜0.01).No significant differences were seen in IOP between the two groups at various time points (all at P＞0.05).Also,no significant correlations were seen between IOP and aqueous flare value in all patients at various time points (preoperation:rs =0.136,P =0.481; postoperative 1 day:rs =0.019,P =0.922 ; postoperative 3 days:rs =-0.035,P =0.858 ; postoperative 1 week:rs =0.317,P=0.094; postoperative 2 weeks:rs =0.034,P =0.861 ; postoperative 1 month:rs =-0.094,P =0.628 ; postoperative 3 months:rs =0.065,P =0.738).Conclusions FC-2000 flare-cell photometry can reflect the inflammatory reaction of the anterior chamber following Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in various types of refractory glaucomatous eyes.The postoperative inflammatory response is more serious and lasting in uveitic glaucomatous eye.

Background and purpose:Stromal tumor is one of the common gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors. There is certain understanding about the typical cases. However, the diagnosis of those occurring in rare location or with rare imaging findings is often difficult. This research summarized this kind of cases,in order to increase the radiological knowledge of the disease.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed clinical, radiological and pathological data from 550 patients who had stromal tumor conifrmed by pathology in our hospital. Those with incomplete data were eliminated. Forty-nine patients were selected for further study according to the typical imaging findings.Results:Among these 49 patients, 9 were pathologically confirmed to have extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor, while 40 patients had gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Among the patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 22 were found in rare locations, 12 in retroperitoneal space, 3 in omentum majus and mesenterium, 5 in esophagus, and 2 in prostate. Obvious cystic degeneration was found in 16 patients. Bulky calciifcation, such as lfake or annulus, was found in 7 patients. The analysis result of risk-stratiifcation showed 19 patients were conifrmed as high-grade among the patients with tumors found in rare locations, 15 as high grade among those with obvious cystic degeneration, and 7 as high-grade among those with extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor.Conclusion:Rare stromal tumor often occurs in the locations, such as retroperitoneal space, omentum majus and mesenterium. Obvious cystic degeneration and bulky calciifcation can be seen. The risk-stratiifcation of these patients often showed high-grade. Comprehensively analyzing its clinical features and imaging ifndings can help improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Objective To explore the verification methods for the performance of quantitative detection kit of anti-dsDNA antibodiy with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Methods The precision was verified according to the EP15-A2 document approved by the American Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI).The accuracy was verified by detecting the samples of previous external quality evaluation(EQA),compared with the comparative kits and recovery test.The lower limit of detection(LLD) was calculated by the results of blank samples.The cut-off value was verified according to the C28-A3C document approved by CLSI and CNAS-CL39:Guidance on the Application of Accreditation Criteria for the Medical Laboratory Quality and Competence in the Field of Clinical Qualitative Immunology respectively.The improved Doumas method was used to verify the range of linearity.Results The measured intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were lower than those announced by the manufacturer or the calculated values according to the EP15-A2 document.The coincidence rates for negative and positive EQA samples between detected and expected values were 98.4％ (63/64) and 100％ (20/20) respectively.The total coincidence rate was 98.8％ (83/84).The coincidence rate for negative and positive samples between the results from candidate and comparative kits were 91.2％ (52/57) and 87.0％ (40/46) respectively.The total coincidence rate was 89.3％ (92/103) and the Kappa value was 0.783 (P =0.062),which implied excellent consistency between the two kits.The mean recovery rate was 99.65％.The measured LLD was 0.5 IU/mL which was lower than 1 IU/mL as claimed by the manufacturer.The measured cut-off value according to the CNAS-CL39 document was 18.51 IU/mL,which was close to 20 IU/mL announced by the manufacturer.Based on the C28-A3C method,the cut-off value could be approved.The linear regression equation was Y =0.978 8X-3.125 4,r2 =0.996 1.There was no statistical difference between the intercept (-3.125 4) and 0 (t =-0.772,P =0.483).The range of linearity was from 1.6 to 212.5 IU/mL,which was consistent with the values declared by the manufacturer.All the verifications of the five performances above-mentioned could be passed.Conclusion The precision,accuracy,LLD,cut-off value and range of linearity of the candidate quantitative ELISA kit for anti-dsDNA antibody were consistent with the statement of the manufacturer,which indicated the performance of the kits may meet the requirements of clinic diagnosis and treatment.A series of methods used in this study provided a simple protocol for verifying the performance of quantitative ELISA kits.

The UPLC fingerprint of colistimethate sodium was established for the study of quality consistency.The chromatographic column was Acquity UPLC? Peptide CSH C18 (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 1.7 μm).The mobile phase A was phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (19∶1), and the mobile phase B was phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (1∶1).The mobile phase was in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.The column temperature was set at 30 °C and the detection wavelength was 210 nm.The similarity of the fingerprints was analyzed with the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Tradition Chinese Medicine (Version 2012) in combination with content determination of multiple index components to evaluate the quality consistency of imported and domestic bulk drugs.The result showed that both the original and generic bulk drugs met the specified limit requirements in the European Pharmacopoeia standards, and that their UPLC fingerprints were highly similar, indicating that the quality of the two substances was consistent.Establishing a fingerprint for similarity evaluation and combining it with the results of indicator component content determination as a comprehensive evaluation method for the study of drug quality consistency of complex components has the characteristics of fast, accurate, and comprehensive, which is helpful for drug quality evaluation and provides ideas for the evaluation of antibiotic quality consistency of complex components.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is a common subtype of glaucoma and one of the leading causes of blindness in Asia.Trabeculectomy has been recognized as an effective filtering surgery for PACG and is widely used in clinical practice, but its high risk of postoperative complications, especially bleb scarring over time can not be ignored.Nowadays, non-bleb-based minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) have attracted much attention.Surgeries opening, restoring, or expanding Schlemm canal to reconstruct aqueous humor outflow pathway is one of the MIGS and able to achieve moderate intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, which has been widely used in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) for a long time.However, based on the pathogenesis of PACG and its similar pathological changes in Schlemm canal to POAG, some retrospective studies and prospective single-arm studies discovered that Schlemm canal surgery combined with phacoemulsification and/or goniosynechialysis appears to lower IOP well and safe in PACG eyes in recent years.Whether Schlemm canal surgery is also suitable or effective for PACG is getting some attention and is still controversial up to now, mostly due to some differences in pathogenesis between PACG and POAG, it is necessary to perform randomized controlled trials to confirm the efficacy of Schlemm canal surgery for PACG and upgrade the therapeutic strategy of PACG.

Glaucoma, Neovascular ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Retinal Diseases ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; surgery

OBJECTIVES: This population-based, prospective cohort study investigated the association between glaucoma and mortality in older adults. METHODS: Participants aged 45 years or older at baseline (47.9% male) were enrolled in 2011 for the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). All-cause mortality was observed during 7 years of follow-up. The baseline data were collected in the 2011 CHARLS, and participants were followed up for 7 years (until 2018). The risk of all-cause mortality was investigated using Cox proportional-hazards regression with age as the time scale, adjusting for significant risk factors and comorbid conditions. RESULTS: Among the 14,803 participants included, the risk of all-cause death was significantly higher among people with glaucoma than among those without glaucoma, after adjustment for other confounders (hazard ratio [HR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 2.03). In a subgroup analysis based on the mean age of death, among those who were 75 years and older (n=1,231), the risk of all-cause death was significantly higher in patients with glaucoma than in those without glaucoma (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.89). CONCLUSIONS Participants with glaucoma had a higher risk of all-cause mortality, especially those aged 75 years and above. Our findings revealed potential mechanisms underlying an association between glaucoma and all-cause mortality. They also highlighted the importance of glaucoma management to prevent premature death in middle-aged and older adults.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the association between obesity and glaucoma in middle-aged and older people. A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. METHODS: Glaucoma was assessed via self-reports. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and a Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the relationship between obesity and glaucoma risk. RESULTS: Older males living in urban areas who were single, smokers, and non-drinkers were found to have a significantly higher incidence of glaucoma (all p<0.05). Diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease were also associated with higher glaucoma risk, while dyslipidemia was associated with lower risk (all p<0.05). After the model was adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related variables, obesity was significantly associated with a 10.2% decrease in glaucoma risk according to the Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.97) and an 11.8% risk reduction in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.97). A further subgroup analysis showed that obesity was associated with a reduced risk of glaucoma in people living in rural areas, in smokers, and in those with kidney disease (all p<0.05). Obesity also reduced glaucoma risk in people with diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia more than in healthy controls (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This cohort study suggests that obesity was associated with a reduced risk of glaucoma, especially in rural residents, smokers, and people with kidney disease. Obesity exerted a stronger protective effect in people with diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia than in healthy people.

Objective:To explore the lesion characteristics and predictors of invasive coronary angiography (ICA)-verified obstructive lesions with fractional flow reserve (FFR)>0.80, that is, anatomy-function mismatch.Methods:A total of 515 obstructive vessels in 419 coronary disease patients from 11 Chinese medical centers undergoing coronary CT angiography and ICA and FFR were retrospectively analyzed. All vessels had one target lesion with diameter stenosis ≥50 % by ICA. There were 229 vessels in the match group (FFR≤0.80) and 286 vessels in the mismatch group (FFR>0.80). The lesion characteristics including lesion territory, the distance of the coronary artery ostium to the proximal end of the lesion, minimum lumen area, reference lumen area, plaque length and burden, plaque volume and component volume, remodeling index and plaque morphological complexity were measured and compared between the two groups. Optimal thresholds of quantitative plaque characteristics were defined by Yoden index. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the predictors of anatomy-function mismatch. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to analyze the ability of different lesion features to predict mismatched lesions.Results:The coronary stenosis, plaque burden and length, plaque volume (including each component volume) in the mismatch group were smaller than those in the match group, and FFR, minimum lumen area were larger (all P<0.05). Left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesion and severe complex plaque were more common in the match group than the mismatch group with a statistically significant difference. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that LAD lesion, minimum lumen area>4 mm 2, plaque burden and length, plaque calcification volume<27 mm 3, plaque lipid volume<30 mm 3, plaque fiber volume<150 mm 3 and plaque morphological complexity were predictiors of anatomic function mismatched lesions; Multivariate logistic regression showed that the minimum lumen area>4 mm 2 (OR=3.371, 95%CI 1.903-5.973, P<0.001), plaque lipid volume<30 mm 3 (OR=3.014, 95%CI 1.691-5.373, P<0.001), plaque morphological complexity (mild OR=17.772, 95%CI 8.072-39.128, P<0.001, moderate OR=6.383, 95%CI 3.739-10.896, P<0.001) were independent predictors of mismatched lesions. The AUC of the model based on the minimum lumen area, plaque lipid volume and morphological complexity was 0.824, which was superior to either of the plaque feature alone ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The minimum lumen area, lipid volume and plaque morphological complexity are independent predictors of the anatomical-functional mismatch lesions, and the combination can significantly improve the prediction value.

With high incidence, high disability rate and serious impact on patients' quality of life, advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with cataract is a severe eye disease in China and its main treatment method is surgery.Phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation (PEI) combined with trabeculectomy has been used to treat advanced PACG with cataract, but there are many postoperative complications.Recently, combined PEI, goniosynechialysis (GSL) and goniotomy (GT) has been proven to be a safe and effective surgical treatment for advanced PACG with cataract.At present, the combined PEI+ GSL+ GT surgery has been widely applied, but there is still a lack of uniform standards for its clinical application.Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a detailed and complete recommendation of the surgical procedures for PEI+ GSL+ GT, to standardize its application in clinical practice.Based on the analysis of the existing problems, some glaucoma experts in China have formulated detailed and complete operation norms, as well as expert recommendations on surgical indications and contraindications, anesthetic methods, surgical techniques and perioperative medication to standardize the application process of PEI+ GSL+ GT in clinical practice.