Objective To investigate the prevention of gram-positive cocci infection by oral administration of vaBeomvcin after liver transplantation. Methods Eighty patients who underwent liver transplantation from September 2005 to September 2006 were divided into vaneomycin group and control group.All the patients were intravenously infused with piperacillin + tazobatam to prevent infection after liver transplantation.Patients in vancomycin group were given vancomycin orally in the first 7 days after liver transplantation and vancomycin concentration in the blood were measured at the same time.Infection and stool cocci and bacilli ratio of the patients in the 2 groups were observed.Results Seven patients in vancomycin group and 15 patients in control group(including 3 and 10 patients infected with methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in each group)were infected with grampositive cocci,respectively,with statistical difference(x2=4.501,P＜0.05).Three patients in vancomycin group and 10 patients in control group presented with imbalance of gastrointestinal flora,with statistical difference (x2=4.501,P＜0.05).No statistical difference was found in the patients infected with gram-negative bacilli or fungi between the 2 groups(x2=0.065,0.251,P＞0.05).The vancomycin concentration was 0 in the blood of patients who simply took vancomycin.Conclusions It is safe and effective to take vancomycin orally to prevent gram-positive cocci infection and imbalance of gastrointestinal flora after liver transplantation.

Objective:To investigate the application value of phase contrast MR angiography (PC MRA) in quantitative assessment for the hemodynamic features of functional posterior communicating artery (F-PCoA) in the patients with posterior circulation ischemia (PCI).Methods:Data of PC MRA in our Hospital from April 2015 to March 2017 were collected retrospectively. Twenty-six patients (PCI group) were diagnosed as PCI with F-PCoA, and other 25 patients were defined as non-PCI group including 10 patients with F-PCoA (non-PCI group 1) and 15 patients without F-PCoA (non-PCI group 2). The cross-sectional area, mean flux, mean velocity, minimum flux, maximum flux, minimum velocity, and maximum velocity were recorded, and the peak height of flux (maximum flux-minimum flux) and peak height of velocity (maximum velocity - minimum velocity) of basilar artery (BA) were calculated. The subtype, cross-sectional area, mean flux, mean velocity, blood flow direction, and absolute flux of F-PCoA in anterior-posterior direction(sum of both sides)were recorded and analyzed statistically.Results:The F-PCoA of 36 cases in PCI group and non-PCI group 1 were divided into three types: type A: the F-PCoA was consistent with anatomical posterior communicating artery (A-PCoA), accounting for 83.3%(30/36 cases); type B: the F-PCoA was not consistent with A-PCoA, accounting for 13.9%(5/36 cases);and type C: a mixed type with the F-PCoA was consistent with A-PCoA in only one side, accounting for 2.8%(1/36 cases). There were no significant differences in the composition of F-PCoA subtype (χ 2=0.609, P=0.737) and the absolute flux of F-PCoA in anterior-posterior direction( t=-0.576, P=0.568) between PCI group and non PCI group 1. It could be unidirectional or bidirectional blood flow forasingle F-PCoA during a cardiac cycle. The blood flow direction of bilateral F-PCoA was similar or not in one single case. The obviously main wave peak of the absolute flux curve of F-PCoA in anterior-posterior direction in PCI group were observed. There was a significant difference in the cross-sectional area of BA between non PCI group 1 and 2( t=-2.856, P=0.009), however no significant differences were found in the genders, mean flux, mean velocity, minimum flux, maximum flux, peak height of flux, minimum velocity, maximum velocity, and peak height of velocity of BA. Conclusions:PC MRA can be used to quantificationally assess the hemodynamic characteristics of F-PCoA such as flow direction, velocity and flux direction, absolute flux in anterior-posterior direction and morphological changes of F-PCoA, which may provide more information for the PCI diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of plasma exchange in the treatment of patients with severe liver disease in pregnancy. Methods Clinical data of 28 patients with severe liver disease in pregnancy in Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), the Third Afifliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from March 2009 to October 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the therapeutic schedule, the patients were divided into treatment group (n=12, age range:21 to 28 years old, median age:25 years old) and control group (n=16, age range:18 to 29 years old, median age:24 years old). The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the ethical committee approval was received. All patients were transferred to SICU after childbirth and received treatments of anti-infection, anti-virus, liver protection, reducing jaundice, supplying human albumin and gamma globulin, infusing blood coagulation and so on. And patients in treatment group received the treatment of exchange of homotype fresh plasma on the basic of the above treatments. The differences between 2 groups in clinical examination indicators and therapeutic effect were compared. The adverse reactions after plasma exchange in treatment group were observed. The examination indicators of 2 groups were compared using t test and the ratios were compared using Chi-square test. Results The blood total bilirubin (TB), albumin (ALB) , serum creatinine (Scr), fasting blood glucose (FPG) , prothrombin time activity (PTA) and arterial lactic acid (Lac) were (197±69)μmol/L, (30±7)g/L, (111±42)μmol/L, (5.7±2.4)mmol/L, (55±24)%, (2.3±0.6)mmol/L respectively in treatment group and were (299±113)μmol/L, (24±6)g/L, (165±82)μmol/L, (3.7±1.7)mmol/L, (33±11)%, (4.4±1.5)mmol/L respectively in control group. The indicators in treatment group were signiifcantly improved compared with those in control group (t=-3.453, 2.389,-4.892, 2.798, 6.079, -3.339; P<0.05). The effective rate in treatment group (92%,11/12) was signiifcantly higher than that in control group (56%,9/16) ( χ2=4.215, P<0.05). One case in treatment group suffered transitional hypotension after plasma infusion and the blood pressure returned to normal 1 h later after giving a small dose of vasoactive drugs. Conclusions Plasma exchange can improve the clinical examination indicators and therapeutic effect of patients with severe liver disease in pregnancy. It is a safe and effective treatment.