Chemotherapy is one of main treatments for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) except radiation therapy. Improving and optimizing chemotherapeutic regimen are helpful to improve the therapeutic effects and reduce side effects. At present, concurrent chemoradiotherapy still is the standard treatment for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Induced chemotherapy has been shown superiority, but the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy needs further study. This paper analyzed the superior and inferior, effect and side effect of all kinds of chemotherapeutic methods or scheme including induced chemotherapy, concurrent chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and palliative chemotherapy and introduced simply the mechanism and clinical effect of new drugs of anticancer. It was hoped to offer some reference for the selection of chemotherapy for NPC.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Carcinoma ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Aim To establish a modified method of tissue digestion and cis-platin concentration measurement in tissue by atomic absorption spectrometry.Methods Using shimadzu atomic absorption spectrometry system and under the conditions of AA-6300 atomic absorption spectrophotometer,GFA-Ex7i graphite furnace,ASC-6100 automatic sampler and platinum hollow cathode discharge lamp,the cisplatin concentration of the tissues containing loading cisplatin magnetic nanomedicine which were digested with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in water bath,was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer at 265.9 nm.Results The concentrations of cis-platin in different tissues were in the linear range of 54~283.5 ?g?L-1;all the correlation coefficient were larger than 0.999 and all the inter-day and intro-day variation coefficient were smaller than 5%.Conclusion The modified method of tissue digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry applied is of high precision and efficiency, suitable for the pharmacokinetic research on cis-platin.

BACKGROUND:Anticancer drugs-loaded magnetic nanopartides,as a novel targeting drug delivery system,are characterized by high drug loading dose,targeting location transport,heat effect of magnetic grains,and biological degradation.Thus,this system brings new hopes for chemical therapy with high efficiency and low toxic and side effects.OBJECTIVE:To observe in vitro toxic effects of complexing cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-loaded magnetic nanopartides on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CNE2 cells.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The in vitro controlled study was performed at the Laboratory of Pharmacology,Northern Region,Sun Yet-sen University in March 2005.MATERIALS:CDDP was provided by Shandong Qilu Pharmaceutical factory.CDDP-loaded magnetic nanoparticles (CDDP-SAMNP),43-52 nm in particle diameter.Utilization rate of CDDP was about 65%.NPC CNE2 cell line was supplied by the Laboratory of Cell Pathology,Cancer Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University.METHODS:This study contained medication and control groups.The medication group was assigned to CDDP and CDDP-SAMNP groups.CDDP and CDDP-SAMNP were diluted by RPMI-1640 medium.Drug concentration was in accordance with CDDP content.The control group was divided into RPMI-1640 medium and SAMNP groups (adding ferroso-ferric oxide,magnetic nucleus concentration was 7 g/L,diluted by the medium).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:MTT assay was used to observe kill and wound rate of 1.89-11.34 mg/L CDDP and corresponding dose of CDDP-SAMNP on NPC CNE2 cells following 24 and 48 hours.Uptake of CDDP-SAMNP by CNE2 cells was investigated under a transmission electron microscope.RESULTS:SAMNP as the medium group had no effect on killing or wounding CNE2 cells (P＞0.05).With the increment of CDDP and CDDP-SAMNP dose,the kill and wound rate presented an obvious dose-effect relationship.At the same dose,the same medicine showed an increasing kill and wound rate with the extension of reaction time,presenting an obvious time-effect relationship.At 24 hours after reaction,the kill and wound rate of CDDP-SAMNP and CDDP were similar (P＞0.05).At 48 hours,at the dose from 1.89 to 5.04 mg/L,the kill and wound rate of CDDP-SAMNP was lower than that of CDDP (P＜0.05),but when increased to 6.93 mg/L,the kill and wound rate of CDDP-SAMNP was dose to that of CDDP.SAMNP and CDDP-SAMNP could be easily taken into CNE2 cells.CONCLUSION:Effect of CDDP-SAMNP on killing and wounding NPC CNE2 cells is close to that of cis-diaminedichloroplatinum at the same high dose.The active sources are the cis-diaminedichloroplatinum released from the nano-camers.The stability of modified CDDP-SAMNP has been increased and its therapy effect has not been influenced.

Objective :To explore the curative effect of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and the factors associ-ated with surgery effect for treating children with chronic sinusitis. Method :Thirty-one children with a medianage of 10 years (range 5～14 years) who suffered from chronic sinusitis or/and nasal polyps and were operatedvia ESS from May 1996 to January 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. Result:According to the therapeutic evalu-ation standard (ESS-199 7, Haikou ), twelve cases (38.7 ％ ) were completely cured, fifteen cases (48.4 ％0 ) wereinproved and four children (12.9 ％ ) showed no change with a general effective rate of 87.1 ％00 without any severeoperative complication. Conclusion:The results suggested ESS is a safe and effective method in the treatment ofchildren with chronic sinusitis or/and nasal polyps. Furthermore, meticulous postoperative endoscopic care andmedication are also important for securing optimal long-term results.

Objective To investigate the survival rate and its prognostic factors of laryngeal carcinoma. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 63 cases of laryngeal carcinoma. A total of 7 clinicopathologic factors were studied by univariate analysis and Cox multivariate model. Results The overall cumulative survival rate was 69.8% at 3 years,54.0%at 5 years.In univariate analysis, the survival was related to location of the tumor(P< 0.01), T status (P < 0.01), N status (P < 0.01), clinical stages (P < 0.01), pathologic grade (P < 0.01) and types of treatment (P < 0.01), while age was not correlated to prognosis (P > 0.05). In Cox multivariate model, T status (P < 0.01) and N status (P < 0.01) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions T and N status were independent prognostic factors for patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Early detection and treatment should be given to improve the survival of patients.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnostic role of computed tomographic dacryocystography (CTDCG) in lacrimal path damage and provide operative approach guidance for the endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). METHOD: Twenty-eight cases with lacrimal path damage underwent CTDCG. The following reconstruction techniques including volume rendering (VR), multiple planar reconstruction (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP) and three-dimensional reconstruction (3-d R) were done on the real-time workstation. The morphology of dacryocyst, displacement fracture of the lacrimal fossa (FS) and the relationship between the uncinate process (UP) and the FS were observed. The thickness of inner walls of anterosuperior and posteroinferior aspects of lacrimal fossa was measured. RESULT: The morphology of dacryocyst, the displacement fracture of the lacrimal fossa and the block site of the lacrimal passage could be displayed clearly by CTDCG with the following reconstruction techniques including VR, MPR, MIP and 3-d R, 6 cases of canaliculus obstruction, 14 cases of lacrimal sac obstruction, 8 cases of lacrimonasal duct obstruction were showed. Meanwhile the relationship between the UP and the FS could also be showed clear. The average bony thickness of the anterosuperior part of FS was (2.96 +/- 0.30) mm, while the bony thickness of the posteroinferior half was (0.02 +/- 0.005) mm, and the distance between the top and bottom of dacryocyst to the operculum of the middle turbinated (OMT) are (6.80 +/- 1.50) mm, (4.00 +/- 1.80) mm respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The morphology of dacryocyst, the displacement fracture of the lacrimal fossa, block site of the lacrimal passage and the relationship between the UP and FS can be clearly displayed by CTDCG, which provide operative approach guidance for the endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To observe the inhibitory effect of FA-MNP-MMP-9-ASODN nanocomposite on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) HNE-1 cell in vitro. METHOD: To observe the MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression levels, proliferation ability, cell apoptosis and invasion ability of HNE-1 cell 48 hours after FA-MNP-MMP-9-ASODN transfection by RT-PCR, Western-blot, MTT assay, flow cytometry and Matrigel invasion test. RESULT: MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression in HNE-1 cell of FA-MNP-MMP-9-ASODN group was significantly decreased compared to control group and nonsense sequence group of FA-MNP-MMP-9-NSODN. At the same time, for the HNE-1 cell in FA-MNP-MMP-9-ASODN group, growth inhibition rate was about 35.66%, proliferation activity significantly decreased compared to the control group and the nonsense sequence group, cell cycle was also inhibited, cell apoptosis rate was about 12.60%, the apoptosis rate was significantly higher than that in the control group and the nonsense sequence group. Invasion assay showed that the transmembrane cells in FA-MNP-MMP-9-ASODN group were about 21.00, significantly lower than that in the control group and the nonsense sequence group. CONCLUSION By inhibiting the expression of MMP-9, FA-MNP-MMP-9-ASODN nanocomposites could reduce NPC cell proliferation and invasion ability, and promote apoptosis, it had a good inhibitory effect in vitro.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Nanocomposites ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transfection

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hepatitis B virus(HBV) re-infection after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG)combined with nucleos(t)ide analogues. Methods The study included 160 patients with HBVrelated liver diseases who underwent OLT in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 2003 to Augest 2007, 117 of whom were treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues before OLT;and all patients were received HBIG i. m and nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment after OLT. Preoperative data of the patients were retrospectively reviewed, and HBV re-infection was assessed prospectively. Independent t test was used to compare normally distributed data and Fisher's exact test was used for the comparison of rates among groups. Results HBV re-infection Was observed in 19 patients after OLT with a rate of 11. 88%(19/160), which was not correlated with HBV DNA loads, HBeAg and the duration of antiviral therapy before OLT(r=0.108, 0.127 and 0.033, P>0.05). Of 19 patients with HBV re-infection, 17 were treated with lamivudine after OLT, and HBV YMDD mutants were detected in 8. The YMDD positive group had a higher HBV DNA level than YMDD negative group(7.0 ± 2.0 log copies/mL vs 3.2 ± 2.5 log copies/mL, t = 3.531, P=0.003). Among above 17 patients, 12 received adefovir add-on treatment, and3 received entecavir instead of lamivadine; all achieved satisfactory responses. Conclusions Low dose of HBIG combined with long-term use of nucleos(t)ide analogues can effectively prevent HBV re-infection after OLT. HBV YMDD mutation may be the primary reason for HBV re-infection in the patients treated with lamivudine after OLT.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the complication incidence and risk factors within immediate 24 hours after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and provide theoretical foundation for preventing postoperative complication incidence. METHOD: 162 patients undergoing UPPP procedure between Mar, 2002, and Oct 2006, were analysed retrospectively. All patients were divided into two groups according to the development of postoperative complications or not. The retrospective chart review focused on the demographic data and pertinent history, preoperative sleep evaluation, surgical and anesthetic management, and need for postoperative interventions. Potential risk factors were first evaluated with univariate analysis followed by multivariate logistic regression with the occurrence of complications within immediate 24 hours after operation as the dependent variable. RESULT: A total of 162 consecutive cases for UPPP were enrolled into current study. 31 cases (19.1%) had postoperative complications necessitating a medical intervention, including respiratory complications (n =21, 13.0%), cardiovascular complications (n =6, 3.7%) and hemorrhage (n =9, 5.6%). The differences in body mass index (BMI), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT) and difficult intubation were significant between two groups. Risk factors for postoperative complications were BMI (OR =1.136, 95% CI: 1.007-2.558, P =0.049), preoperative AHI (OR =4.828, 95% CI: 1.827-13.924, P =0.012) and difficult intubation (OR = 1.971, 95% CI: 1.251- 4.839, P =0.034). CONCLUSION Baseline BMI and AHI, difficult intubation in anaesthetic procedure were the most important predictors of postsurgical morbidity. Keeping in mind the aforementioned cautionary notes, aggressively preoperative preparation should be applied for such populations to avoid the occurrence of postoperative complications.
Adult ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Palate ; surgery ; Pharynx ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To construct FA targeted magnetic nanocomplex (FA-MNP-MMP-9-ASODN) loading matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) and evaluate its targeting capacity and efficiency of gene transfection to folate receptor (FR) positive NPC. METHOD: FA-MNP-MMP-9-ASODN was constructed by MMP-9-ASODN coupling with FA-MNP prepared by our research team through the aldehyde-ammonia condensation reaction. To analyze the feasibility of ASODN coupling with nanocarrier agarose gel electrophoresis. Two kinds of HNE-1 and CNE-2 cells and implanted tumors phagocytosis of FA-MNP-MMP-9-ASODN were observed by MRI on tumor-bearing nude mice, iron staining and TEM. To analyze gene transfection of the vector by observing FITC in the cell. RESULT: The electrophoresis results revealed ASODN successfully coupling with FA-MNP. HNE-1 cell can effectively ingest the nanocomposite,with more FITC in the cell, but CNE-2 cell had not uptake for the nanocomposite, with no FITC in the cell. By comparing with CNE-2 tumor, HNE-1 tumor also can efficiently swallow the nanocomposite. CONCLUSION FA-MNP-MMP-9-ASODN nanocomplex is constructed successfully with good FA targeting ability and gene transfection.
Animals ; Folic Acid ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Nanocomposites ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; genetics ; Transfection