Aim To establish a modified method of tissue digestion and cis-platin concentration measurement in tissue by atomic absorption spectrometry.Methods Using shimadzu atomic absorption spectrometry system and under the conditions of AA-6300 atomic absorption spectrophotometer,GFA-Ex7i graphite furnace,ASC-6100 automatic sampler and platinum hollow cathode discharge lamp,the cisplatin concentration of the tissues containing loading cisplatin magnetic nanomedicine which were digested with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in water bath,was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer at 265.9 nm.Results The concentrations of cis-platin in different tissues were in the linear range of 54~283.5 ?g?L-1;all the correlation coefficient were larger than 0.999 and all the inter-day and intro-day variation coefficient were smaller than 5%.Conclusion The modified method of tissue digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry applied is of high precision and efficiency, suitable for the pharmacokinetic research on cis-platin.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnostic role of computed tomographic dacryocystography (CTDCG) in lacrimal path damage and provide operative approach guidance for the endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). METHOD: Twenty-eight cases with lacrimal path damage underwent CTDCG. The following reconstruction techniques including volume rendering (VR), multiple planar reconstruction (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP) and three-dimensional reconstruction (3-d R) were done on the real-time workstation. The morphology of dacryocyst, displacement fracture of the lacrimal fossa (FS) and the relationship between the uncinate process (UP) and the FS were observed. The thickness of inner walls of anterosuperior and posteroinferior aspects of lacrimal fossa was measured. RESULT: The morphology of dacryocyst, the displacement fracture of the lacrimal fossa and the block site of the lacrimal passage could be displayed clearly by CTDCG with the following reconstruction techniques including VR, MPR, MIP and 3-d R, 6 cases of canaliculus obstruction, 14 cases of lacrimal sac obstruction, 8 cases of lacrimonasal duct obstruction were showed. Meanwhile the relationship between the UP and the FS could also be showed clear. The average bony thickness of the anterosuperior part of FS was (2.96 +/- 0.30) mm, while the bony thickness of the posteroinferior half was (0.02 +/- 0.005) mm, and the distance between the top and bottom of dacryocyst to the operculum of the middle turbinated (OMT) are (6.80 +/- 1.50) mm, (4.00 +/- 1.80) mm respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The morphology of dacryocyst, the displacement fracture of the lacrimal fossa, block site of the lacrimal passage and the relationship between the UP and FS can be clearly displayed by CTDCG, which provide operative approach guidance for the endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Young Adult

AIM: To investigate the antiproliferation effects of oridonin on hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 cells and its mechanisms of action. METHODS: BEL-7402 cells in culture medium were treated with different concentrations of oridonin. The inhibitory rate of the cells was measured by MTT assay. Cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Morphology of cell apoptosis was observed by Hoechst 33258 stain. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect hTERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity before and after apoptosis. RESULTS: Oridonin could inhibit the growth of BEL-7402 cells and cause apoptosis significantly. The suppression was in both time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Marked morphological changes in cell apoptosis including condensation of chromatin and nuclear fragmentation were observed clearly by Hoechst 33258 stain especially after the cells were treated 48-60 h by oridonin. The expression of hTERT mRNA as well as activity of telomerase decreased concurrently by treatment with oridonin in BEL-7402 cells. CONCLUSION: Oridonin has apparent antiproliferation and apoptosis-inducing effects on BEL-7402 cells in vitro, downregulation of the hTERT mRNA expression and decreasing the telomerase activity of BEL-7402 cells may be one of its important anti-hepatocellular carcinoma mechanisms.

BACKGROUND:Anticancer drugs-loaded magnetic nanopartides,as a novel targeting drug delivery system,are characterized by high drug loading dose,targeting location transport,heat effect of magnetic grains,and biological degradation.Thus,this system brings new hopes for chemical therapy with high efficiency and low toxic and side effects.OBJECTIVE:To observe in vitro toxic effects of complexing cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-loaded magnetic nanopartides on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CNE2 cells.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The in vitro controlled study was performed at the Laboratory of Pharmacology,Northern Region,Sun Yet-sen University in March 2005.MATERIALS:CDDP was provided by Shandong Qilu Pharmaceutical factory.CDDP-loaded magnetic nanoparticles (CDDP-SAMNP),43-52 nm in particle diameter.Utilization rate of CDDP was about 65%.NPC CNE2 cell line was supplied by the Laboratory of Cell Pathology,Cancer Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University.METHODS:This study contained medication and control groups.The medication group was assigned to CDDP and CDDP-SAMNP groups.CDDP and CDDP-SAMNP were diluted by RPMI-1640 medium.Drug concentration was in accordance with CDDP content.The control group was divided into RPMI-1640 medium and SAMNP groups (adding ferroso-ferric oxide,magnetic nucleus concentration was 7 g/L,diluted by the medium).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:MTT assay was used to observe kill and wound rate of 1.89-11.34 mg/L CDDP and corresponding dose of CDDP-SAMNP on NPC CNE2 cells following 24 and 48 hours.Uptake of CDDP-SAMNP by CNE2 cells was investigated under a transmission electron microscope.RESULTS:SAMNP as the medium group had no effect on killing or wounding CNE2 cells (P＞0.05).With the increment of CDDP and CDDP-SAMNP dose,the kill and wound rate presented an obvious dose-effect relationship.At the same dose,the same medicine showed an increasing kill and wound rate with the extension of reaction time,presenting an obvious time-effect relationship.At 24 hours after reaction,the kill and wound rate of CDDP-SAMNP and CDDP were similar (P＞0.05).At 48 hours,at the dose from 1.89 to 5.04 mg/L,the kill and wound rate of CDDP-SAMNP was lower than that of CDDP (P＜0.05),but when increased to 6.93 mg/L,the kill and wound rate of CDDP-SAMNP was dose to that of CDDP.SAMNP and CDDP-SAMNP could be easily taken into CNE2 cells.CONCLUSION:Effect of CDDP-SAMNP on killing and wounding NPC CNE2 cells is close to that of cis-diaminedichloroplatinum at the same high dose.The active sources are the cis-diaminedichloroplatinum released from the nano-camers.The stability of modified CDDP-SAMNP has been increased and its therapy effect has not been influenced.

Twenty six patients with liver cancer who received liver transplantation were enrolled in the study. The patients were assessed by SF-36 scale and QOL-LC V2.0 scale before and 0 -6, 7 - 12, > 12 months after the liver transplantation. Scores in physical function domain and social function domain decreased significantly in the early stage post LT (0 -6 month post-LT). While in later stage ( >7 months post-LT), the scores showed no significant difference or even higher than that of pre-LT. In psychological function domain, no significant difference was found pre- and post-LT. The scores were improved significantly in later stage post-LT than pre-LT and early stage post-LT.

AIM: To investigate the effect of ischemic preconditioning(IPC) on expression of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in rat smallfor-size liver graft and its significance.METHODS: Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=10 pairs/group): nonwarm ischemia group(NWI);warm ischemic group(WI);and ischemic preconditioning group(IPC).The models of rat small-for-size liver transplantation were set up by two-cuff technique.Expression of eNOS mRNA and iNOS mRNA in hepatic tissue were detected by fluorescence-quantitating-PCR.RESULTS: Heptic expression of eNOS mRNA post-IPC was higher than that pre-IPC(P0.05).It was higher in IPC group than that in NWI and WI group(P

Objective To explore the diagnosis and management of arterial complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods The incidence, diagnosis and management of arterial complications of 180 OLT patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results A 5.0%(9/180)arterial complication rate was identified by selective angiography (8/9) and autopsy (1/9) in the 180 recipients, including 5 cases of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT),3 cases of hepatic artery stenosis (HAS)and 1 celiac artery stenosis. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for arterial complications by color Doppler image (CDI) were 88.9% and 95.9% .The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) for arterial complications were 100%, 96.0%, 66.7% and 100%, respectively . Interventional procedures, revascularization, retransplantation and conservative treatment were used for 3,3,2 and 1 recipient respectively. Three patients were cured and 6 patients died. Conclusions CDI is a sensitive and specific way of monitoring arterial complications after OLT, and IOUS contributes to the early diagnosis. Revascularization and retransplantation are principal management for the patients with HAS or HAT. The conservative treatment might be effective for some asymptomatic patients, but interventional procedures may not obtain good results.

ObjectiveTo improve the diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of fungal infections following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods Medical records from 175 consecutive patients who underwent 180 OLT at our centre from 1993 and 2002 were retrospectively reviewed for fungal infection. ResultsTwenty nine patients(16 6%) developed invasive fungal infection. Median posttransplantation interval was 26 days (range 3 to 96) and respiratory tract was the most common infectious site (37%). Pathogens were Candida species (24 of 43, 98%) and Aspergillus (1 of 43, 2%). Fungal infections occurred significantly more often in patients with the length of time in parenteral nutrition, antibiotic use over 3 weeks or hepatic artery complications. After treatment with Fluconazole (26 patients) and liposomal amphotericin B (8 patients with serious fungal infections), 16 patients were cured and 13 patients died. The mortality related to fungal infection was 4 0% (7/175). Conclusion Fungal infections are associated with mortality following OLT. Eliminating the various risk factors will decrease the incidence of fungal infection. Amphotericin B or liposomal amphoterin B are effective for patients with serious fungal infection.

The aim of this study is to determine the diversity of virulence genes carried by different vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE),which will provides a basis for studying pathogenic mechanism of VRE.Microdilution-based drug sensitivity test was applied to detect the vancomycin resistance of 490 Enterococcus faecium isolates and 862 Enterococcus faecalis isolates in Zhejiang area.The seven virulence genes (ace,asa1,cylA,efaA,esp,gelE and hyl) in the isolates of VRE were detected by PCR.According to the results of drug sensitivity test,10％ of the E.faecium isolates (49/490) and 0.8％ of the E.faecalis (7/862) were identified as VRE.In the vancomycin-resistant E.faecium isolates,five isolates were negative for any of the target genes and the other 44 isolates were positive for asa1,esp,gelE and hyl genes alone,in which the esp (73.5％,36/49) and hyl (53.1％,26/49) were the predominant genes and single or double virulence genes acted as the major carrying models.Except for the hyl gene,the vancomycin-resistant E.faecalis isolates were positive for the other six pathogenic genes,and the isolates could carry 3-6 pathogenic genes.All the data indicate that E.faeciurn is the major species of VRE in the local area,and the carrying rate,types and models of virulence genes in the vancomycin-resistant E.faecium and E.faecalis isolates are obviously different.

ObjectiveTo investigate the etiology of epileptic seizures after orthotopic liver transplantation and preventive measures.MethodClinical data of 83 patients receiving orthotopic liver transplantation from May 1998 to December 2001 were retrospectively studied.ResultsSix cases suffered seizures with an incidence of 7.23%.The interval between transplantation and clinical diagnosis of seizures ranged from 4 to 15 days with a meadian time of 9.3?1.2 days. Tonic-clonic seizure was the most common type of seizures. Three patients had a previous history of seizure. Computed tomographic(CT) scan revealed strokes in 2 patients. Seizure related mortality was 3.61% in this group of 83 cases.ConclusionSeizures are not infrequent neurological complication after liver transplantation and it may indicate an underlying CNS lesions. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus neurotoxicity, metabolic abnormalities and pneumonia are factors contributing to the onset of seizures. Proper mangement and comprehensive therapy may improve the prognosis.