Objective To investigate the etiological features and visual outcomes of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE).Methods A retrospective consecutive case series of 19 patients (23 eyes) presenting with presumed EE from 2009 to 2016 in the Ophthalmology Department of Zhongshan Hospital and Huashan Hospital,Fudan University were included.Patients' medical history (main risk factors),microbial culture results,treatment regimen and visual outcomes were evaluated.Results In total,19 patients (23 eyes) were identified,including 7 female (8 eyes) and 12 male (15 eyes).Mean age was 54.0 ±17.9,ranging from 24 to 85.Most patients had severe underlying diseases,mainly diabetic mellitus (9/19) and liver abscess (8/19).Twenty vitreous samples from 17 cases were cultured,and 12 eyes from 10 cases were positive with a positive rate of 12/20.Fifteen cases had blood or body fluids cultures and 10 were positive,with the positivity rate of 10/15.Candida albicans (5/6) was the most common pathogen isolated in fungal endophthalmitis,and Klebsiella pneumonia (7/13) was the most common pathogen in bacterial endophthalmitis.Patients mainly received vitrectomy,intravitreal injection,and systemic/local antibiotic therapy.Only five eyes had improved visual acuities,and 6 eyes were enucleated or eviscerated.Among the 10 eyes from 8 cases who were treated within one week after onset,5 eyes from 3 cases (5/10) had improved visual acuities;one eye from one case had no visual improvement;four eyes from four cases had no light perception or enucleated.No improved visual acuity occurred in patients who were treated after one week.Conclusions Although the incidence is low,EE has poor visual outcomes.Timely diagnosis and treatment may be helpful to maximize the recovery of vision.