AIM: To study the effects of recombinant soluble MHC class Ⅰ chain-related protein A (sMICA) on the cytotoxicity, secretion of IFN-γ, proliferation and apoptosis of peripheral NK cells. METHODS: After NK cells were cocultured with recombinant soluble MICA proteins overnight, the cytotoxicity of NK cell on target cells was detected by flow cytometry. The supemant was collected to determine the concentration of IFN-γ by ELISA. The proliferation of NK cells to sMICA was detected by MTS/PMS. NK cells were labeled with annexin V and PI to analyze their apoptosis. RESULTS: Soluble MICA inhibited the cytotoxicity of NK cells and down-regulated the secretion of IFN-γ, but it showed no effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of freshly isolated peripheral NK cells. CONCLUSION: The soluble MICA shedding from tumor cells could be a pathway of cancer immune evasion by down-regulating the biologic activities of NK cells.

The motor function of the trunk in 10 hemiplegic patlents was evaluated with Biodex Sys- tem Ⅱisokinetic testing aparatus. The result shows that the strength of flexors and extensors of the trunk,especially the flexors,becomes weaker(The ratio of flexors to extensors is less than 1).The patients weretreated with a series of the trunk retraining methods. The motor function of the trunk was improved aftertreatment(P<0.01 ).The total motor function(Fugl-Meyer Assessing Scale)also makes significant progress(P<0.01).The study proposes that the retraining and regaining of the trunk motor function in hemiplegiais quite important not only to the trunk but also to total motor function.

Objective To study the effect of mitogen-activated protein kinas/extracellular signalregulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway on cell proliferation modulated by Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) isolated from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods The synovial tissue were collected by the synovial arthroscopic debridement or arthroscopic synovectomy of RA patients with active disease activity [disease activity score(DAS)28 ≥3.2].The RA-FLS were primarily cultured by the explanted culture,and then were treated with Shh agonist purmorphamine,inhibitor cyclopamine or MAPK/ERK signaling pathway inhibitor U0126,respectively.Western blotting was used to examine the phosphorylation level of ERK 1/2 (p-ERK1/2),which was the critical protein of MAPK/ERK signaling.The cell proliferation activity was detected using cell proliferation and cytotoxicity kit-8 (CCK8),and the cell proliferation rate was detected using a flow cytometry.Analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis H(K) test were used for statistical analysis.Results Compared with the control group,purmorphamine transiently increased p-ERK1/2 protein at the concentration of 1 μmol/L,and the peak activations of p-ERK1/2 took place at 15 min (P＜0.01).Cyclopamine and U0126 decreased the expression ofp-ERK1/2 protein (P＜0.01).After the RA-FLS treated with purmorphmine(1 μmol/L)for 48 hours,the cell proliferation activity was (114±4)％ and the percentage of S phase cells was (8.39±0.60)％,which was significantly higher than those of the control group (100±0)％ (P＜0.01) and (3.29±0.69)％ (P＜0.01).After treated with cyclopamine (10 μmol/L) for 48 hours,the cell proliferation activity of RA-FLS was (89±1)％ (P＜0.05) and the percentage of S phase cells was (1.53±0.22)％ (P＜0.05).When co-treated with purmorphamine (1 μmol/L) and U0126 (10 μmol/L),the cell proliferative activity was (89±2)％ (P＜0.05) and the percentage of S phase cells was(1.07±0.25)％(P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Shh may promote proliferation of RA-FLS via modulating MAPK/ERK signaling,which in turn contributes to hyperplasia of synovium and ultimately leading to RA.

Objective: To study the anti-gout effect of active ingredients in Poecilobdella manillensis. Methods: Hypoxanthine was used to replicate mouse model of hyperuricemia, and xylene was used to induce mouse auricle swelling model. The hot plate method and writhing method were used to screen the active site of Poecilobdella manillensis, and then the active ingredients were screened. The material basis of anti-gout effect of Poecilobdella manillensis was observed. Results: The water-soluble fraction of Poecilobdella manillensis was the active site against gout, which could reduce the level of serum uric acid in hypoxanthine-induced hyperuricemic mice and inhibit xylene-induced auricular swelling in mice, deduce acetic acid-induced writhing reaction in mice and increase the hot plate pain threshold in mice; Hirudin was the main active ingredient in water-soluble parts. Poecilobdella manillensis active ingredient 0.8 g/kg and 0.4 g/kg and Poecilobdella manillensis residue 2.0 g/kg could significantly reduce serum uric acid levels. The serum uric acid levels decreased from232.73 ± 50.93 umol/L in model group to 140.70 ± 25.97 umol/L, 149.07 ± 39.28 umol/L, 176.45 ± 44.33 umol/L, respectively (P ＜ 0.01) . Poecilobdella manillensis active ingredients 0.8 g/kg, 0.4 g/kg and 0.2 g/kg and Poecilobdella manillensis residue 2.0 g/kg could significantly inhibit xylene-induced ear auricle swelling in mice. The swelling degree was inhibited from 22.80 ± 2.86 mg to 20.10 ± 2.18 mg, 19.80 ± 2.57 mg, 20.10 ± 1.66 mg and 20.85 ± 1.60 mg respectively (P ＜ 0.05) . Poecilobdella manillensis 0.8 g/kg active ingredient could significantly reduce the number of writhing mice caused by acetic acid. The number of times was reduced from 22.80 ± 2.86 times to 20.10 ± 2.18 times (P ＜0.05) . Conclusion: Poecilobdella manillensis anti-gout activity is in water-soluble parts, and Hirudin is the main active ingredient.

Objective:To investigate the effect of repeated freezing and thawing on the clinical outcome of embryo transfer.Methods:A total of 48 cycles of twice frozen-thawed embryo (blastocyst) transfer in the reproductive medicine department, Shenzhen Luohu People′s Hospital from 2015 to 2020 were collected as the observation group, and 98 cycles of one frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer in the same period were randomly selected as the control group. The patient′s age, endometrial thickness, average number of transferred embryos, average number of high-quality embryos transferred, embryo recovery rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, and live birth rate were compared.Results:There was no significant difference in age, endometrial thickness, number of embryos transferred and high-quality embryos transferred between the two groups (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in embryo recovery rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, abortion rate and live birth rate between the two groups (all P>0.05). The embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (32.47% vs 55.70%, 39.58% vs 66.33%, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly lower than that of the control group after repeated vitrification of frozen-thawed embryo transfer, which may affect the subsequent developmental potential of embryos.

Objective:To understand the quality of life of high risk population of stroke in community and analyze the influencing factors.Methods:Four community health service centers in Huangpu District were randomly selected, and the subjects were included by using convenient sampling method among the high risk groups of stroke found in the community stroke screening and prevention and control project in Shanghai.The World Health Organization quality of life scale-brief form questionnaire(WHOQOL-BREF), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were used as the survey tools to study 1200 high-risk stroke subjects.Single sample t-test was used to compare the differences between the scores and the data of 24 centers in the world, and multiple linear stepwise regression were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results:The scores of physical field, psychological field and social relationship field ((13.60±1.86), (14.58±1.97), (13.72±2.10)respectively) of high-risk population of stroke were lower than the scores of general population of 24 centers in the world ( P<0.01), and the scores of environmental field (14.08±1.95) were higher than it ( P<0.01), of which the differences were all statistically significant.The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that old age, anxiety and depression were the risk factors influencing the scores of physical field( β=-0.027, -0.056, -0.051), psychological field( β=-0.019, -0.055, -0.050) and environmental field( β=-0.017, -0.040, -0.054); old age and depression were the risk factors influencing the scores of social relationship field( β=-0.026, -0.067); anxiety and depression were the risk factors influencing the self-assessment of quality of life and health ( β=-0.012, -0.014 for quality of life; -0.012, -0.014 for health, all P<0.01). Conclusion:The quality of life of high-risk population of stroke may be related to age, depression, anxiety and other psychological factors.The prevention and treatment of stroke should take both physical and mental measures, take timely intervention for poor psychological status, and gradually improve the quality of life.

BACKGROUND:The maximum muscle strength is typically used for evaluating the recovery of muscle function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Recent studies have suggested that neuromuscular function should also be considered,such as rate of force development,which measures the slope of the force time curve at different time intervals under conditions of isometric muscle contraction. OBJECTIVE:To elaborate on the current research status and shortcomings of muscle isometric rate of force development in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery,and analyze the degree of defects in quadriceps femoris and hamstring isometric rate of force development at different times after surgery;to analyze the effect of isometric rate of force development on postoperative functional performance,thereby providing important information for optimizing postoperative rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,reducing secondary injury to patients,and reducing the incidence of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:Literature retrieval of CNKI,VIP,WanFang and PubMed was performed using"anterior cruciate ligament,rate of force development"as Chinese search terms and"anterior cruciate ligament,rate of force development,rate of torque development"as English search terms.Finally,69 articles were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Most studies have found defects in bilateral muscle isometric rate of force development in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction within 6 months.Early isometric rate of force development of the bilateral hamstring muscles(i.e.the slope of the force time curve at any time interval during muscle contraction of 100 ms)showed significant improvement after 6 months.However,long-term defects in early isometric rate of force development of the bilateral quadriceps indicate long-term damage to the neuromuscular function of the quadriceps after surgery.There is limited research on late isometric rate of force development(the slope of the force time curve at any time interval after 100 ms of muscle contraction),and conclusions cannot be drawn.Regarding landing exercises(jumping to the ground,lateral cutting,etc.)and daily activities(walking,running),early isometric rate of force development of the quadriceps is more correlated with isometric peak torque.Abnormal biomechanical changes during exercise are considered an important risk factor for secondary injury and traumatic knee osteoarthritis in patients.Actively improving early isometric rate of force development of the quadriceps may reduce the incidence of secondary injury and traumatic knee osteoarthritis.Currently,there is limited evidence to suggest that whole-body vibration training can improve early isometric rate of force development of the quadriceps femoris in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.It is recommended to use neuromuscular electrical stimulation to intervene in the quadriceps and hamstring in the early postoperative stage and implement explosive force and high resistance training in the late postoperative stage,which may improve the isometric rate of force development in patients.Generating sufficient muscle strength in a short period of time is necessary to effectively protect the anterior cruciate ligament,while the relationship between isometric rate of force development in the hamstring muscle and functional performance is still unclear,which may provide information on preventing secondary injury in patients.It is recommended to use the isometric rate of force development as one of the evaluation indicators for guiding rehabilitation and restoring movement.In addition to focusing on improving symmetry and differences from normal individuals,the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio should also be considered.An appropriate range of ratios can ensure the balance of muscles during rapid muscle exertion,which may reduce the occurrence of secondary injuries.However,the normal range of ratios is not yet clear.Future research should consider the effects of graft type and knee flexion angle on isometric rate of force development,in order to identify neuromuscular dysfunction in patients as much as possible and help them recover better.

Background Job burnout is an early mental health condition caused by job stress and contributes to many negative effects on work and life. Employees of research and development (R&D) enterprises are exposed to constant pressure from innovation, production speed and sales expansion, and they are prone to burnout symptoms if such factors are not under effective control. Objective To evaluate the current situation of job burnout among employees of R&D enterprises in Minhang District of Shanghai and explore its influencing factors. Methods During November to December 2021, a cross-sectional study was developed and a convenient sampling method was used to enroll employees from 7 R&D enterprises in Minhang District of Shanghai. On the basis of voluntary participation with informed consent, a survey was conducted by using a self-made questionnaire (collecting data about general demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, behavior and lifestyle), the Chinese version of the Concise Occupational Stress Questionnaire, and the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. Occupational stress and its dimensions (job demand, job control, and social support) were divided into high, medium, and low levels according to tertiles. The positive rate of job burnout was reported according to score categorization (<1.5 refers to no job burnout, ≥1.5 refers to job burnout, where ≥1.5 and <3.5 refer to mild and moderate job burnout, and ≥3.5 refers to severe job burnout). Potential influencing factors of job burnout were evaluated by using one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, forward stepwise regression, and non-conditional binary logistic regression (α=0.05, two-sided test). Results A total of 3153 subjects were enrolled and 3014 samples were included in the analysis, with a valid response rate of 95.6%. Among the included subjects, 888 (29.46%) reported no job burnout, 1775 (58.89%) reported mild to moderate job burnout, and 351 (11.64%) reported severe job burnout. The mean of total job burnout score was 2.17±1.12, and the dimentional mean scores were 2.78±1.61 for emotional exhaustion, 1.60±1.60 for cynicism, and 4.05±1.57 for diminished personal accomplishment. Varied categories of sex, age, marital status, working position, sleep status, job demand, job control, and social support groups of workers resulted in significant differences in job burnout score. Compared with the low job demand group, the positive rate of job burnout was elevated in the medium and high job demand groups; the risk of job burnout in the medium job demand group was 1.42 (95%CI: 1.04-1.94) times higher, and that in the high job demand group was 2.64 (95% CI : 2.17-3.22) times higher versus the low job demand group. The risk of job burnout in the medium job control group was 1.35 (95%CI: 1.06-1.72) times higher versus the low job control group. Compared with the low social support group, job burnout was less reported in the other groups, and the OR (95%CI) values of the medium and high social support groups were 0.41 (0.31-0.53) and 0.15 (0.12-0.19) respectively. Conclusion The rate of reporting positive job burnout in R&D enterprises is high, which deserves sufficient attention. Relieving work pressure, increasing job control and social support, and maintaining adequate sleep are helpful to reduce job burnout.

Marine fungi are important members of the marine microbiome, which have been paid growing attention by scientists in recent years. The secondary metabolites of marine fungi have been reported to contain rich and diverse compounds with novel structures (Chen et al., 2019). Aspergillus terreus, the higher level marine fungus of the Aspergillus genus (family of Trichocomaceae, order of Eurotiales, class of Eurotiomycetes, phylum of Ascomycota), is widely distributed in both sea and land. In our previous study, the coral-derived A. terreus strain C23-3 exhibited potential in producing other biologically active (with antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and anti-inflammatory activity) compounds like arylbutyrolactones, territrems, and isoflavones, and high sensitivity to the chemical regulation of secondary metabolism (Yang et al., 2019, 2020; Nie et al., 2020; Ma et al., 2021). Moreover, we have isolated two different benzaldehydes, including a benzaldehyde with a novel structure, from A. terreus C23-3 which was derived from Pectinia paeonia of Xuwen, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China.
Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism* ; Animals ; Anthozoa/microbiology* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology* ; Aspergillus/chemistry* ; Benzaldehydes/pharmacology* ; Mice ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Signal Transduction