Objective To analyze the clinical features of patients with open injuries combined with infections in Chinese Wenchuan earthquake and summarize the therapeutic experience. Methods An analysis was done on 54 patients with open injuries combined with infection transferred to our depart-ment from May 13, 2008 to June 10, 2008. Thorough debridement was performed based on general sup-porting management and anti-bacterial thempies done on the basis of results of bacteria culture and sus-ceptibility test. In the meantime, other managements including high-pressure oxygen therapy and external fixation were done for open fractures. Results Infection could be found in all open injuries, primarily combined infections with G+ coccus and G- bacillus or anaerobic. Moreover, most of the patients were infected by anaerobia. Of all, 1 patient with amputation received multiple debridement and repair because of severe infection of the amputation site and no death occurred. All patients recovered uneventfully, with sound wound healing, except for 2 patients. External fixation was stable and in good position. Conclu-sions The repeated and thorough debridement and the timely closure of wounds on the basis of energeti-cally anti-infection measures are key to diminishing the mortality rate and mutilation rate. Appropriate ad-junctive therapy can dramatically improve the curative effect.

ObjectiveThe purpose was to understand the background level of environmental radioactivity in the surrounding area of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant and accumulate historical monitoring data of radioactivity in the environment， in order to detect and deal with radioactive risk in water sources earlier. MethodsAccording to the requirements of the "Shanghai environmental radioactivity background monitoring plan"， the area 1 closest to the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant was selected as the monitoring point， and the area 2 far from the nuclear power plant was selected as the blank control point. Considering the seasonal characteristics of high water， low water， and normal water periods， the establishment of sampling points， and population density and other comprehensive factors， a model of sampling from the disease control centers in these two regions was established， with the supervision and quality control by Shanghai disease control center. The water samples were collected once a quarter， with a sampling volume of 5 L each time， and the samples were sent to Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention for processing and measurement. Since 2012， water samples from the two sources have been collected for more than ten years for the total α and total β monitoring of radioactive levels. Results2012‒2022 Area 1 total α radioactivity， total β radioactivity concentration ranges were 1.83×10^-2‒3.93 ×10^-2 Bq·L^-1 and 6.05×10^-2‒23.73 ×10^-2 Bq·L^-1， respectively. Total α radioactivity and total β radioactivity concentration ranges in Area 2 were 1.63×10^-2‒4.46 ×10^-2 Bq·L^-1， and 9.60×10^-2‒25.33 ×10^-2 Bq·L^-1，respectively. ConclusionThe radioactive levels in the source water of Area 1 and Area 2 are within the normal background range， which meets the requirements of the "Standard test methods for drinking water - radioactive indicators" （GB/T 5750.13‒2006）.

Background The monitoring of external radiation individual doses for radiation workers is a statutory task and serves as an important basis for the diagnosis of occupational diseases in this occupational group. Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data is crucial for safeguarding the health of radiation workers. Objective To evaluate and compare the capabilities and levels of external radiation individual dose monitoring conducted by radiation hygiene service institutions in Shanghai, to standardize relevant workflows, and to improve the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring service. Methods From 2021 to 2023, annual intercomparisons of external radiation individual dose monitoring capabilities were organized for radiation hygiene service institutions in Shanghai. The study subjects were 19 to 21 radiation hygiene service institutions registered in Shanghai for each year and they all participated in the intercomparisons. The monitoring subjects included 16 district-level centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) and 13 third-party testing agencies. Monitoring capabilities were analyzed based on single-group performance, comprehensive performance, and Q-value. In the intercomparison, a thermoluminescent dosimetry system was used to perform irradiation tests on thermoluminescence dosimeter [made of lithium fluoride (magnesium, copper, phosphorus), LiF (Mg, Cu, P)], and monitoring data for X-rays and γ-rays at different doses and radiation conditions were analyzed following a standard procedure specified by GBZ 207−2016. Statistical methods included t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, with statistical significance set at P<0.05. Results From 2021 to 2023, the number of participating institutions was 19, 21, and 19, respectively, with an overall pass rate of 94.9% (56/59). Two institutions failed in 2022 and one in 2023. The number of institutions meeting the excellent standard in single-group and comprehensive performance was 9, 12, and 13, respectively, and the number of institutions ultimately rated as excellent was 3, 7, and 8,respectively, with an overall excellence rate of 30.5% (18/59) and an excellence conversion rate of 52.9%. The pass rates for single-group and comprehensive performance were both 98.3%. The number of groups with negative deviation was 1.86 times that of groups with positive deviation for X-rays, and 1.10 times for γ-rays. For X-rays, there was a statistically significant deviation between doses of less than 1.0 mSv and more than 1.0 mSv (P=0.01), while there was no significant difference in the single-group performance deviation between X-rays and γ-rays at the same dose. There was a statistically significant difference between the reported and reference values for X-rays in 2021 and 2022 (P<0.05), but no significant difference in 2023 (P>0.05); there was no significant difference between the reported and reference values for γ-rays over the three years (P>0.05). Conclusion Over the past three years, the external radiation individual dose monitoring capability intercomparison results of radiation hygiene service institutions in Shanghai have shown that the pass rate remains at a high level, with the excellence rate increasing year by year. However, some institutions still need to improve their monitoring capabilities, and further cooperation among institutions and training for technical staff are needed to enhance the capabilities and standardization of external radiation individual dose monitoring in Shanghai.