Objective To establish the normal reference ranges of peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes for the healthy population in Tianjin. Methods 366 samples were recruited from among local physical examination adults and their absolute and proportional values for the ranges of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes were detected by quantitative flow cytometry with fluorescence labeled antibodies. Results Mean absolute values were (860.27?255.15) cells/?l for CD4 T cells,(671.60?371.39) cells/?l for CD8 T cells and (1.44?0.62) for CD4/CD8 ratio; and the proportional values were (37.05?7.42)% for CD4 T cells,(28.42?7.46)% for CD8 T cells. Our results showed no differences between gender and age on CD4 T cell counts among the healthy adult population in Tianjin. Conclusions There is difference in CD4 T lymphocyte counts in different areas.

Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided serratus plane block onefficacy of postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing radical mastectomy. Methods From January 2013 to December 2016, sixty-eight ASA physical statusⅠorⅡ patients scheduled for radical mastectomy under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups (n = 34 each): SP block group (observation group) and control group. After induction of anesthesia, ultrasound-guided homolateral SP block was performed, and 0.375% ropivacaine 20 ml was injected in observation group, while the equal volume of normal saline was used instead in control group. The patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with sufentanil after operation in two groups. The scores of prince henry pain scale (PHPS) were evaluated at the 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 24th hour (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) after operation. The consumption of sufentanil, propofol and remifentanil was recorded.Meantime, the times of successfully delivered doses (D1) and attempts (D2) within 24 h after operation were added up, and D1/D2 was calculated. The adverse effects were also recorded. Results The scores of PHPS at T1 [(1.4 ± 0.5) scores vs. (3.1 ± 0.6) scores], T2 [(1.5 ± 0.6) scores vs. (2.9 ± 0.8) scores], T3 [(1.7 ± 0.5) scores vs. (2.8 ± 0.7) scores], and the consumption of sufentanil [(53.4 ± 16.7)μg vs. (87.8 ± 24.5)μg], remifentanil[(288.7 ± 42.1)μg vs. (376.5 ± 61.6)μg] were significantly lower in observation group than those in control group, while D1/D2 (0.89 ± 0.12 vs. 0.57 ± 0.18) was higher (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in observation group: 0 vs. 20.6% (7/34), P<0.05. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided SP block reduces the perioperative opioids consumption and enhances the efficacy of postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing radical mastectomy.

Objective: To investigate the detection of HIV/AIDS cases in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality from 2005 to 2021, so as to provide insights into optimization of HIV antibody testing strategies in medical institutions. Methods: All data pertaining to individuals receiving HIV antibody tests in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality from 2005 to 2021 were collected from the information systems in medical institutions and the HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The positive rate of HIV antibody and epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases in medical institutions were analyzed. Results: The number of HIV antibody tests increased from 86 102 person-times in 2005 to 1 369 345 person-times in 2021 in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality, with annual increase by 18.88%. The positive rate of HIV antibody increased from 2.44/104 to 2.85/104 (P<0.05), with annual increase by 2.79/104. Both the proportion of the number of HIV antibody tests and the number of HIV/AIDS cases detected by medical institutions in the whole city appeared a tendency towards a rise (P<0.05). A high positive rate of HIV antibody was seen in sexually transmitted disease clinics (53.69/104) and other testing services (12.25/104), and the highest positive rate of HIV antibody was seen in individuals at ages of 20 to 39 years (5.40/104), while the positive rate of HIV antibody was higher in men (5.84/104) than in women (0.53/104) (P<0.05). A total of 3 610 HIV/AIDS cases were detected in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality from 2005 to 2021, with a median age of 38 (interquartile range, 24) years. Of all HIV/AIDS patients, there were 3 277 men (90.78%), and men who have sex with men was the predominant transmission route (63.46%), while the proportion of late identification of HIV/AIDS cases was 65.60%. In addition, the proportion of timely detection for the first CD4+T lymphocyte count testing increased from 23.81% in 2005 to 71.54% in 2021 (P<0.05). Conclusions The number of HIV antibody tests and positive rate of HIV antibody appeared a tendency towards a rise in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality from 2005 to 2021. The HIV/AIDS cases were predominantly identified in sexually transmitted disease clinics and other testing services, and were predominantly men.

Objective To evaluate the auxiliary diagnostic value of viral load test for samples with indeterminate HIV antibody detection results.Methods Thirty-two samples with indeterminate HIV antibody detection results collected from MSM were used for two viral load tests in Tianjin in 2015.Follow up was conducted for this population to confirm their HIV infection status.Results Virus loads were detected in the 2 viral load tests.In the follow-up survey,the results of HIV antibody test of all the samples were positive.The results of viral load test were completely consistent with those of HIIV antibody confirmation test.Conclusion The viral load test was effective in the auxiliary diagnosis of HIV infection in window phase,which can be used for the samples with indeterminate HIV antibody detection results.

Objective To understand the characteristics on the diversity of HIV subtypes and related transmission in Tianjin.Methods A total of 77 newly diagnosed ART-na(i)ve HIV infectors in 2015 were screened by CD4 +T cell counts ≥200 cells/μl.Viral RNAs were extracted from plasma samples.Reverse transcription PCR and nested PCR were used to analyze the amplification of pol and env gene fragments,sequencing,and related bioinformatics information.Results 46.03％ (29/63),30.16％ (19/63),11.11％ (7/63),4.76％ (3/63) and 7.94％ (5/63) of the individuals were infected under HIV subtypes CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,B,CRF55_01B and URFs,with sexual transmission as the major mode of infection.CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC strains were predominant in both MSM and HST populations.The patterns of subtype distribution did not show statistical differences other than subtype B and CRF55_01B strain among HSTs.The proportion of CRFs increased significantly to 88.89％.8 new second-generation recombinant forms were identified the first time,including 3 CRF55_01B,2 AE/BC,1 AE/B and 1AE/B/C among MSMs and 1 AE/BC among HSTs.5.3％ of the NNRTI L100I HIV infectors transmitted the drug-resistant-mutation strain.3 linkages related to HIV transmission were confirmed through phylogenetic analysis with Bootstrap ≥98％ of pol and ≥80％of env.Conclusion The increasing complexity of HIV had been noticed in Tianjin,including the prevalence and transmission of second-generation recombinant and drug-resistant strains through different routes of transmission and in different regions.

Objective To explore the effect of timosaponin B-II ( TB-II) on the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in neonatal rats. Methods The biological functions of self-proliferation and multi-differentiation of NSCs were identified by primary culture, cell proliferation counting,morphological observation and immunology. NSCs of SD rats were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of TB-II (10 μg/ml,30 μg/ml ,100 μg/ml) for 7 days. Immuno-histochemistry was used to detect the effect of TB-II on the differentiation of NSCs into TH-positive neurons, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of TH protein in neurons. Results ( 1) The cultured cells had the ability to self-proliferation,expressed nestin protein and differentiated into neurons and glial cells. So the cultured cells were conformed to the biological function of neural stem cells. (2)Compared with the control group,the TH positive cell ratio of TB-II 30 μg/ml group and TB-II 100 μg/ml group increased ((10. 03± 1. 36)%),( 20. 01± 3. 37)%),(31. 32± 3. 98)%) ,the difference was significant ( t=6. 15, 16. 54,both P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between TB-II 10 μg/ml group and control group (P>0. 05). (3)Western results showed that the relative expression of TH protein in TB-II 30 g/ml group and TB-II 100 μg/ml group was higher than that in control group,the difference was statistically significant (con-trol group: (1. 02±0. 24),TB-II 30μg/ml group: (3. 64±1. 78),TB-II 100 μg/ml group: (5. 88±2. 34);t=12. 58,9. 15,both P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between TB-II 10 μg/ml group and con-trol group (P>0. 05). Conclusion TB-II can promote the differentiation of NSCs into TH-positive neurons.

The newly reported HIV infected cases was collected, and HIV blood samples were detected to identify recent HIV infection in Tianjin during 2008-2015. Factors associated with HIV-1 infection were analyzed by the univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression. The recent HIV-1 infection proportion of homosexuals increased from 37.70% in 2008 to 83.68% in 2015. Those cases who aged ≤30 years (OR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.30-1.79), in han ethnic group (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.02-1.91), students (OR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.28-2.51) were more likely to be recent infected. The cases who had a high school education (OR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.05-1.56) or collage education (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.00-1.50) were more likely to be recent infected than those who had a primary school education. Compared with patients identified by hospitals, the recent HIV infections were more likely to be found through voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), STD outpatients, men who have sex with men (MSM) investigation and unpaid blood donors. Homosexual transmission has become the major route of HIV-1 recent infection in Tianjin.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical application of a novel HIV-1 DNA reagent. Methods: HIV-1-infected and non-infected human blood samples were selected, as well as weakly positive samples, indeterminate samples, specific samples. Compared the result of HIV-1 DNA reagent with HIV-1 infection status (refer to the National Guideline for Detection of HIV/AIDS (2015)), the accuracy of the HIV-1 DNA reagent was evaluated in clinical application; Meanwhile, the commercially available RNA quantification kit was selected as reference reagent for parallel detection, and then the consistency and differences were evaluated between HIV-1 DNA reagent and RNA quantification reagent. Results: A total of 95 whole blood samples were tested by the HIV-1 DNA reagent. Taking the HIV-1 infection status as the reference standard, the result showed that the positive agreement rate was 100% (95%CI: 93.94%-100%), the negative agreement rate was 100% (95%CI: 90.26%-100%), and the overall agreement rate was 100% (95%CI: 96.19%-100%). The Kappa value was 1 (95%CI: 1.00-1.00). The HIV-1 DNA reagent could detect weakly positive samples and indeterminate samples of early infection, and could effectively distinguish false-positive samples tested by the Ag-Ab reagent. The specific samples had no false-positive result . Conclusions The result of HIV-1 DNA reagent were consistent with the HIV-1 infection status. It can be considered as equivalent to the HIV-1 detection reagent commercially available in our country. It can effectively identify the indeterminate samples in the early infection. Compared with the RNA quantification reagent, it can effectively detect HIV-1 DNA of virus reservoirs.

China’s chronic disease management suffers from problems such as unclear institutional function， insufficient information technology application， and weak regulation support. On the basis of current chronic disease management condition in China， this paper proposes to apply the concept of “people-centered” integrated health management to community chronic disease management and discusses the content and procedure of establishing an integrated community-based chronic disease management model driven by massive databases. The model innovatively combines technology integration， data integration and service integration， and can accurately and efficiently realize the "people-centered" full-course health management of various chronic diseases. Shanghai has provided integrated community-based chronic disease management service for 1.98 million citizens through applying this model. The model warrants further effectiveness and economic evaluation. This study provides precious experience for the development of chronic disease prevention and treatment in China.