Objective To assess the value of blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI)in diagnosis and prediction of early acute renal transplant rejection.Methods BOLD-MRI was performed in a cohort of 103 patients undergoing cadaver renal transplantation between Dec 2005 and March 2007.Among them,82 recipients had nomlal renal function,21 had biopsy-proved acute rejection.R2* (1/s)measurements were obtained in the medulla and cortex of grafted kidneys. Results R2* values of the medulla were significantly lower in the acute rejection group[R2*=(14.02±2.68)/s]than that in the normally functioning transplants group [R2*=(16.66+2.82)/s],the difference between these two groups was significant (P＜0.01);ROC curve analyses suggested that medullary MR2* values could accurately identify acute rejection in the early post-transplantation period.In the normal functioning transplant group,those with lower medullary R2* values (MR2*＜14.9/s,n=23) had higher acute rejection rates than those with higher medullary R2* values (MR2*＞14.9/s,n=59) in the first 6 months following transplantation,but the difference between these two groups was not significant (17.39% vs 8.47%,P=0.259). Conclusions Mean R2* values in the medullary regions of grafted kidneys with BOLD-MPd may be a non-invasive diadynamic criteria with good sensitivity and specificity,and may be a valuable predictor of early acute renal transplant rejection.

Sarcopenia etiology is diverse and the pathogenesis is complex.It is closely related to limited activity, malnutrition and a variety of clinical diseases, which seriously affects the quality of life in the elderly and has become a global common health problem.This review focuses on the literature of non-drug interventions for sarcopenia in the past five years, focusing on the relationship of multimodal exercise, intestinal flora, parenteral nutrition and comprehensive intervention with sarcopenia, in order to provide a new basis for formulating scientific and effective non-drug intervention for sarcopenia.