Long noncoding RNAs( lncRNAs) are classified as transcripts >200 nucleotides in length with lit-tle or no evidence of protein-coding potential, and can regulate gene expression at various levels, including transcriptional regulation, posttranscriptional processing and so on.It has been widely involved in cell differentiation, individual develop-ment and other important life processes.Recent studies show lncRNA-related dysfunction plays critical roles in various dis-eases, indicating that lncRNA may serve as a new target for disease diagnosis and treatment.This review summarizes the functions of lncRNAs, including various modes of lncRNAs in regulating gene expression, the roles of lncRNAs in differen-tiation and development, and the connection between lncRNAs and malignant tumor.

Objective To investigate the expression of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)and its receptors mRNAs in ovary tissues of letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)in rats.Methods The SD rats were divided into two groups (moder group and control group),20 rats in each group.The rat models of PCOS were established by letrozole.Serum sex hormone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.The histologic changes in ovaries were observed by Hematoxylin-eosin stai-ning,and the expression of BDNF and its receptors gene in ovary tissues was detected by Real-time PCR.Results Although the se-rum testosterone,follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels in model group were markedly increased more than those in the control group (P < 0.01 ),estradiol and progesterone in model group showed a considerable reduction (P < 0.05 ). When compared with the control group,model group rats showed increased ovarian volume and high incidence of subcapsular ovari-an cysts together with decreased number of corpora lutea.The expression of BDNF and p75 mRNAs was significantly higher in model group than that in the control group(P <0.05),but the expression of TrkB mRNA reduced(P <0.05).Conclusion BDNF/TrkB/p75 expressed in ovarian tissues may play a specific role on follicular developmental disorders in letrozole-induced PCOS rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of specialized human tel omerase antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (AS-ODN) on the growth inhibition o f well, moderate and poor differentiated gastric cancer cell lines, and to explore its inhibitory mechanism and the correlation between the inhibition ratio of gastric cancer cells and differentiation of the tumor cells. Methods Under the given circumstances, three distinct differentiated gastric cancer cell lines were treated with AS-ODN. The telomerase a ctivities were measured by modified telomeric repeat amplification protocal assa y. The cell viability was detected by Trypan blue test, and the cell apoptosis was determined by cell morphological observation under light and electromicroscope, flow cytometry an d TUNEL assay. Results The telomerase activity and cell growth were apparently suppressed in MK N45 and SGC7901 cells, under defined concentrations of AS-ODN. Whilst, in MKN28 cells, only telomerase activity was suppressed at same concentration . There were no obvious changes in non-antisense oligomers treated group. The apoptotic features of MKN45 and SGC7901 were noticed by microscopic observa tion, TUNEL assay, after three distinct gastric cancer cell lines being continuo usly exposed to 10 ?mol/L AS-ODN for 96 h. Furthermore, the flow cytometric analy sis verified that the average apoptotic rate of MKN45 and SGC7901 was 44.75% and 33.56% respectively, but there were no obvious changes in non-antisense oli gomers treated group (P

Objective To increase the sensitivity of residual leukemic cells detectin in chronic myelocytic leukemia(CML) patients with RT-PCR,the optional annealing temperature and PCR cycles were studied to confirm bcr-abl fused gene types,and bcr-abl mRNA transcripts were monitored by RQ-PCR to study the relation with CML at different phases. Methods Through changing the PCR conditions, the annealing temperature was measured from 55℃ to 60℃, and the number of reaction cycles was increased from 30 to 45.All 22 samples were examined, and bcr-abl mRNA transcripts were quantified by RQ-PCR kit. Results Bcr-abl fused gene types were found in 22 samples,of all 9 cases were b_2a_2 type, 13 cases were b_3a_2.When the annealing temperature was set for 58℃ and the number of reation cycles was set for 45,10~3 copies/ul standard samples was detected.18 samples were positive tested by RQ-PCR kit,and the value was between 10~2 to 10~6 copies/g.There were significant differce between the results of chronic phase samples and those of accelerated phase. Conclusions The RT-PCR is a reliable,sensitive and reproducible method of monitoring CML patients.The real-time RT-PCR is useful in evaluating leukemic burden,assessing response to treatment and predicating the prognosis of the disease.

Objective To develop a suitable instrument for measuring health beliefs related to reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and testing its reliability and validity. Methods Within the framework of the Health Belief Model, 500 questionnaires of health beliefs related to RTIs were collected, its reliability and validity was analyzed. Results The instrument contained two subscales, all content validity index(CVI)were 1.0. RTIs-related health belief subscale extracted four factors, the cumulative variance was 75.91%;RTIs-related self-efficacy subscale extracted four factors,the cumulative variance was 68.19%. Scale statistics consisted with the structure and design structure. The dimensions Cronbach's α coefficient, test-retest reliability, split half reliability were greater than 0.70. Conclusions This scale has good reliability and validity and can be used for measuring health beliefs related to reproductive tract infections in women of childbearing age.

Objective To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector containing the gene of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)class Ⅱ transactivator(C Ⅱ TA).Methods The restriction fragment of CIITA was inserted into pUC57 vector with EeoR Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ.Then,recombinant plasmid pShutde-GFP-CMV CⅡTA was constructed with EcoR Ⅰ and Sal Ⅰ,and was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequeneing.After the treatment with Ⅰ-Ceu Ⅰ and Ⅰ-See Ⅰ,the fragment C Ⅱ TA from recombinant plasmid DShuttle-GFP-CMV.CⅡTA Was inserted into vector pAdxsi.And the pAdxsi-GFP-C Ⅱ TA wag packed into liposome,and was transfected to 293 cens.Results Recombinant plasmid pShuttle-GFP-CMV-C Ⅱ TA Was constructed successfully. After packed into vector pAdxsi, and transfected to 293 cells, significant virus Dlaques were observed,which showed the successful homologous recombination.The titer of the purified AdC Ⅱ TA was 2.0×10~(11) PFU/ml.Conclusions Recombinant adenovirus AdC Ⅱ TA containing gene of MHC class Ⅱ transactivator was established successfully.

Objective To study the effect of Smad4 gene on angiogenesis related factors in human gastric cancer cell line.Methods Recombinant eukaryotie expressing plasmid pcDNA3.1 (-)-Smad4 containing Smad4 gene and empty vector pcDNA3.1 (-) were introduced into human gastric cancer cell line MKN28 using lipofectam and selected by G418,respectively.Two cell lines were obtained as follows:Smad4+-MKN28 cell line which was MKN28 transfected with a stable hybrid containing Smad4 gene and Smad4--MKN28 cell line with empty plasmid as control.The transcription and expression of VEGF and TSP1 were investigated by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The mRNA expression of TSP1 in Smad4+-MKN28 cells was higher (P＜0.05) than that in control cells,while VEGF was lower(P＜0.05).Western blot showed the consistent results as measurement by RT-PCR.Conclusion Smad4 restoration in gastric cancer cells reduced angiogenesis rates through down-regulation of angiogenesis activitor and up-regulation of angiogenesis inhibitor.

Objective To establish a candidate reference method for the determination of serum lithium based on ion chromatog-raphy and evaluate its analytical performance.Methods A simple sample treatment procedure,which can be remove the proteins and/or organics in human serum,has been developed for the determination of serum lithium.Method precision was evaluated with different concentration of fresh human serum and EQA sample RELA-A/B.Method accuracy was investigated with the recovery ex-periments in fresh human serum and RELA-A/B sample.Results The linear equation was Y =0.817 1X -0.001 3 with a correla-tion coefficient of 0.999 95 under the optimum experimental conditions,the detection limit (3S/N)for lithium was 6 μg/L and the imprecision was less than 1.0%.The results of the recovery experiments indicated that the recoveries were reasonable for the deter-mination of serum lithium,in a range of 99%-101%.Conclusion The candidate reference method of lithium was successfully es-tablished and which can be used for traceability and standardization.It may provide an effective way for routine testing of lithium traceable to the reference method/reference material.

Aim To evaluate the effects of ferulic acid ( FA ) on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS )-induced neuroin-flammation in microglia cells and its potential mecha-nisms. Methods Microglial activation was induced by stimulation with LPS, and the effects of FA pretreat-ment on microglial activation and production of proin-flammatory mediators, nitric oxide/iNOS were investi-gated. The role of the mitogen-activated protein kinases in the antiinflammatory actions of FA in LPS-stimulated microglia was further elucidated. Results Cell viabil-ity experiments revealed that FA did not produce cyto-toxicity in microglia. FA significantly inhibited LPS-in-duced production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , interleukin-1 beta ( IL-1β) , and nitric oxide ( NO ) . Protein and mRNA levels of COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS) were also attenuated by FA. Further experi-ments on intracellular signalling mechanisms showed that inhibition of extracellular regulated kinase ( ERK) contributed to the anti-neuroinflammatory actions of FA. Conclusion The results suggest that FA inhibits LPS-induced microglial inflammation by partial targe-ting of ERK signalling and attenuation of ERK.

Objective:Investigating the expression of HIV-1 co-receptors CXCR4,CCR5 and chemoking SDF-1 in human placentae and trophoblasts is to explore the mechanism of in-utero transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1).Methods:Using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction,detected the transcripts of CXCR4,CCR5 in placenta tissues and trophoblasts.Immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the expression of CXCR4,CCR5 in primary cultured first trimester trophoblasts and villous tissue.Also the expression of SDF-1 in villi of first trimester,and the presence of SDF-1 in the culture of isolated trophoblasts were examined by in situ hybridization,immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:CXCR4 and CCR5 mRNA were detected in placentae of various gestational phases and in first trimester trophoblasts.However,primary cultured trophoblasts were found to be reactive only with antibodies against CXCR4.In the villous tissue sections,CXCR4 was found in trophoblasts,while CCR5 in stromal cell and/or Hofbauer cell.First trimester trophoblasts expressed SDF-1 strongly and secreted SDF-1 in vitro.Conclusion:CXCR4 and CCR5 were expressed in placentae.Hence,they maybe involved in in-utero transmission of HIV-1 as co-receptors.However,SDF-1 expressed in trophoblasts may protect fetus from being invaded by X4-HIV-1.R5-HIV-1 may infect CCR5+ stromal cells and/or Hofbauer cells through placental disruptions.