Objective To study whether intranasally administered transforming growth factor beta1(TGF-?1)can reach central nervous system(CNS)through the trigeminal nerve pathway.Methods Nineteen healthy male SD rats were randomly assigned into control group(n=6)and administration(IN)0.5h group(n=3),1h group(n=4),2h group(n=3)and 6h group(n=3).Rats in IN groups were given 50?l(20?g)recombinant human TGF-?1(rhTGF-?1)intranasally and were sacrificed at 0.5,1,2 or 6h after IN following blood sample collection.The cerebellum,midbrain,pon,medulla and trigeminal nerve were separated quickly and the concentration of TGF-?1 was analyzed by ELISA.Results Compared with the control group(15.01?1.50pg/mg),TGF-?1 was significantly elevated in the trigeminal nerve in all the IN groups(P0.05).TGF-?1 concentrations in plasma and other caudal CNS regions,such as cerebellum,midbrain and cervical spinal cord,were not significantly changed compared with that in control group.Conclusion TGF-?1 is likely to be absorbed by the trigeminal nerve following intranasal administration,and is subsequently delivered to some brain regions through the trigeminal nerve pathway,which may provide a potential treatment strategy for trigeminal nerve and CNS disorders.

Objective To investigate the effects of peptide YY (PYY) on the interdigestive migrating myoelectrlc complex (MMC) in the small intestine in vivo and explore the neural and endecrinal mechanisms of the effects. Methods Spragne-Dawley rats were supplied with a venous catheter and bipolar electrodes in the duodenum and jejunum for electromyography of stomach and small intestine in wake state. PYY, phentolamine, nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) and atropine were served with PYY respectively. The plasma motilin levels before and after the infusion of PYY were observed. Results At all the three recording points, PYY lengthened the drde length of MMC [from (591.90±128.98)s to (999.25±216.59)s, P<0. 01] and lowered the frequency of phase Ⅲ [from (39.28±8.40) min-1 to (22.08±3.13) min-1 , P<0.01], amplitude of phase Ⅲ [from (0. 320±0.060)mV to (0. 179±0.030)mV, P<0.01], and the portion of phase Ⅲ over the whole circle length [from (28. 61 ± 5.84)% to (15.43 ±5.16)% , P<0.01]. Phentolumine had no influence on the role of PYY. Administered L-NNA combined with PYY, the percentage of phase Ⅲ increased [(42. 09±8.67)%] compared with that of control(P<0.01) and compared with that of PYY administered alone (P<0. 01) too. Atropine combined with PYY showed stronger depressing effects on MMC. No significant difference was found between the plasma motilin levels before and after the infusion of PYY. Conclusion PYY my inhibit the interdigestive intestine motility through the none-adrenergic none-choUnergic tract, while the m-receptor tract and circulating motilin are probably not involved In the depressing effect.

Objective To evaluate the impact of maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) on left ventricular(LV) strains via layer-specific speckle-tracking imaging (LSTI).Methods Twenty-eight MHD patients and 28 matched controls were enrolled in the study.Conventional echocardiography and LSTI were performed on patients before and shortly after one hemodialysis session,as well as on controls.Results LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) were markedly reduced after one session of HD [(52.3±22.4)ml/m2 vs (55.0±15.3)ml/m2,P=0.033],but still larger than the control group (47.4±6.4) ml/m2.LV ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased in MHD patients after HD [(62.5±8.1)% vs (64.6±7.3)%,P=0.06],which was similar to those in the control group (66.0±4.2)% and in MHD patient before HD (P=0.391).The three layer circumferential and longitudinal strains decreased in the order of the control group,patients before HD and after HD [CS-endo:(-26.3±3.6)% vs (-22.2±4.7)% vs (-19.2±5.4)%;CS-mid:(-19.0±2.7)% vs (-15.3±3.5)% vs (-13.0±3.8)%;CS-epi:(-11.1±2.3)% vs (-8.0±2.6)% vs (-6.5±2.3)%;LS-endo:(-23.7±3.0)% vs (-18.6±3.6)% vs (-16.4±4.5)%;LS-mid:(-20.9±2.7)% vs (-16.3±3.1)% vs (-14.0±4.1)%;LS-epi:(-18.4±2.4)% vs (-14.1±2.8)% vs (-12.0±3.6)%;all P<0.01],while the synchrony index,standard deviation of times to peak longitudinal strain,increased in these three groups [(3.6±1.0)% vs (6.3±1.5)% vs (7.5±2.2)%,all P<0.01].Linear correlation analysis showed ultrafiltration volume was negatively related with the difference of longitudinal strains before and after HD (difference of LS-endo:r=-0.428,P=0.023;difference of LS-mid:r=-0.423,P=0.025;difference of LS-epi:r=-0.422,P=0.025).Conclusions One session of HD may have injurious effects on LV strains and systolic synchrony.The reduction of ultrafiltration volumes may be helpful to protect cardiomyocytes.

Objective To investigate the alternation of right ventricular volume and systolic function in patients with severe pulmonary regurgitation under percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation(PPVI) by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE).Methods Ten patients with severe pulmonary regurgitation were enrolled.The 2D echocardiography images and real-time 3D full volume images on apical four-chamber view on a Philips IE33 system were acquired before PPVI and at 3 days,1 month,3months and 6 months after PPVI.Right ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV),end systolic volume(ESV),stroke volume (SV),ejection fraction(EF),fractional area change(FAC),tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE),right ventricular longitudinal strain-free wall(RVLSf) and right ventricular longitudinal strainseptum(RVLSs) were analysed using off-line TomTec software,the differences among the five groups were compared,and correlation analysis was made between the CMR and RT-3DE measurements.Results The level of pulmonary regurgitation had decreased or disappeared after PPVI.Compared with the preoperation,EDV,ESV at 3 days,1 month,3months and 6 months after operation had decreased significantly.EF,FAC,TAPSE,RVLS had increased significantly(all P ＜0.05).There were close correlation in EDV,ESV,EF between RT-3DE and CMR(pre-operation r =0.811,0.817,0.807,post-operation r =0.735,0.834,0.800,all P ＜0.055).Conclusions RV volume notably decreases while RV systolic function remarkably improves.The RT-3DE is a helpful technology in the evaluation of right ventricular volume and systolic function in patients after PPVI.

Objective Neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may give rise to neurodisorder.This study aimed to investigate the effect of intranasal delivery of nerve growth factor ( NGF) on neuroinflammation following TBI and its action mechanism in rats. Methods Thirty-six male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into a sham , a TBI, and a TBI+NGF group.The rats in the TBI +NGF group were treated with NGF intranasally at 12 and 24 hours after TBI.The levels of IL-1βand TNF-αin the injured cerebral cortex were detected by ELISA , the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB evaluated by EMSA , and the expres-sion of amyloid-β( Aβ42 ) determined by Western blot . Results NGF attenuated the inflammation following TBI .Compared with the TBI group, the level of IL-1βwas obviously decreased in the TBI +NGF group at 12 hours (70.65 ±3.10 vs 37.51 ±1.92) and 24 hours (68.85 ±8.10 vs 36.23 ±2.99, P<0.05), and so was that of TNF-α(47.12 ±7.38 vs 27.63 ±5.77 and 56.15 ±11.20 vs 29.94 ±8.62, P<0.05).The DNA-binding activity of NF-κB was reduced to 111.62 ±0.49 and 131.52 ±0.88, and the expression of Aβ42 to 0.23 ±0.008 and 0.52 ±0.004 at 12 and 24 hours respectively after treatment with NGF , both with statistically significant differences from the TBI group (P<0.05). Conclusion Intranasal administration of NGF attenuates TBI-induced neuroinflamma-tion in rats, which may be associated with its regulatory effect on the Aβ42/NF-κB signaling pathway .

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin and their receptors (VEGFR and Tie2) in aging mice kidney and the possible roles in aging mice. Methods Mice were divided as follows: 4-month old group (n=6), 9-month old group (n=6), 12-month old group (n=6) and 20-month old group (n=6). Paraffin sections of the mice kidneys were stained by PAS. The density of glomerular microvascular was determined by renal perfusion with fluorescent dyes. The level of VEGF, VEGFR2 (Flk-1), Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie2 mRNA expression and protein abundance in kidney was determined by real-time PCR, immunochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results Compared with other three groups, in the 20-manth old group, the glomerulosclerosis index (GSI) increased remarkbly (2.48±0.79 vs 0.53±0.19, 0.69±0.18, 1.50±0.70, P<0.05); the fluorescence intensity in glomeruli decreased (P<0.05). lmmunohistochemistry demonstrated that the TGF-131 level in the aging kidneys showed an increase trend in the glomerular tubulointerstitium, and especially in the glomeruli. Real-time PCR results revealed that compared with 4-month old group mice, the mRNA expression of VEGF, Flk-1, Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie2 of the other three groups decreased, the gene levels of VEGF, Flk-1, and Ang-2 fell about 90%, 50% and 80% (all P>0.05), and the gene levels of Ang-1 and Tie2 fell about 75% and 40% in 20-month-old group (all P<0.05). Western blot domonstrated that the protein abundace of VEGF, Flk-1, Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie2 also declined with aging, the protein level of VEGF, Flk-1, Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie2 dropped by about 35%, 50%, 15%, 13% and 21% respectively in 20-month-old group as compared to 4-month-old group (all P<0.05). Expression of above 5 factors and glomerular fluorescence intensity were negatively correlated with Scr (P<0.05). Conclusions The mRNA expression and protein abundance of VEGF, Flk-1, Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie2 in mice kidneys decreases with aging. Angiogenesis regulatory factors may play important roles in aging progression of the mice kidney.

According to fundus fluorescein angiography images characteristics, this paper proposes a feature based image mosaic vessel edge method. First, detect edge of blood vessels by carrying on the pretreatment to the fundus fluorescein angiography image in the foundation, wavelet edge detection algorithm. Then, the matching method based on chain code feature is described. Finally, a local area based on gray level information of the image fusion method is applied to angiographic image series. Data processing results show that the method can generate an ideal mosaic effect.
Fluorescein Angiography ; methods ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Radiography ; Retinal Vessels ; diagnostic imaging

With regard to the large amount of calculation in image mosaic algorithm, an image mosaic algorithm based on extended phase correlation of edge is presented. The improved wavelet edge detection algorithm is to detect edge of blood vessels. Then the image translation, rotation and scale changes are calculated by the extended phase correlation method. These parameters are utilized to stitch images. Finally, image fusion can be achieved by fade-in-fade-out method. It is proved by experiments that this algorithm is simple to calculate, and can effectively achieve the image mosaic.
Algorithms ; Fundus Oculi ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of hearing aids combined with psychological counseling on subjective tinnitus. METHOD: One hundred and fifty four tinnitus patients with deafness were randomly divided into two groups: 84 cases in study group, receiving hearing aids combined with psychological counseling therapy; 70 cases in control group, receiving counseling therapy only. Two groups were assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months after the beginning of the therapy. In study group, 6 cases were bilaterally aided and 78 cases were unilaterally aided. The 78 cases are divided into three subgroups: Group A (moderate hearing loss), Group B (moderate to severe hearing loss), and Group C(severe hearing loss) according to the severity of hearing loss. RESULT: At 3, 6 and 12 months after the beginning of the therapy ,the effective rates in study group are 26.19%, 63.10% and 72.62% respectively and the effective rates in control group are 8.57%, 18.57% and 25.71% respectively. There are statistically significant differences between the effective rates of the two groups after 3,6 and 12 months since the therapy started (P < 0.01). The tinnitus improvement of Group A is the most, and that of Group C is the least. The effective rate of Group A is higher than groups B and C with statistically significant differences (P < 0.0167). The effective rate of Group B is higher than Group C while with no statistically significant difference(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Hearing aids can not only improve hearing but also help with the treatment of tinnitus. Hearing aids combined with psychological counseling treatment is an ideal method for dealing with tinnitus in patients with deafness.
Aged ; Counseling ; Female ; Hearing Aids ; Hearing Loss ; psychology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tinnitus ; psychology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

The paper covered in brief the process and achievements of the pre-hospital emergency service standardization in Dezhou. It is held that such development provides the emergency service with a scientific service management appraisal system, and contributes to efficient implementation of such emergency service, making it an effective means for rational resources deployment. The authors recommended to build an effective and standardized operational mechanism and a mechanism for appraisal and supervision, to elevate primary level pre-hospital emergency capability and promote the use standardized tools extensively as well as the formulation and enforcement of such standards at provincial level.