OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of commonly encountered pathogenic microbes during the last five years.METHODS A total of 9318 strains of NI pathogens during from Jan 2004 to Dec 2008 were surveyed and analyzed.RESULTS From them the percentage of Gram-positive cocci was 13.6%,the main pathogen was coagulase negative Staphylococcus,Gram-negative bacilli(28.8%).The predominant pathogens were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The drug resistance of NI pathogens was markedly increased.Especially,the rate of drug resistance of P.aeruginosa to imipenem was from 0 to 31.8% in 2005,and that of Enterococcus to vancomycin was 4.0% in 2007.The percentage of fungi was 26.4% and increased sharply year by year.CONCLUSIONS The Gram-negative bacteria play a dominant role in clinics and drug resistance of isolated pathogenic bacteria is a serious problem.Monitoring the trends of pathogenic bacteria′s distribution and drug resistance is very important in guiding the clinical administration of drugs and we should pay attention to fungal infection.

Objective To develop a suitable instrument for measuring health beliefs related to reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and testing its reliability and validity. Methods Within the framework of the Health Belief Model, 500 questionnaires of health beliefs related to RTIs were collected, its reliability and validity was analyzed. Results The instrument contained two subscales, all content validity index(CVI)were 1.0. RTIs-related health belief subscale extracted four factors, the cumulative variance was 75.91%;RTIs-related self-efficacy subscale extracted four factors,the cumulative variance was 68.19%. Scale statistics consisted with the structure and design structure. The dimensions Cronbach's α coefficient, test-retest reliability, split half reliability were greater than 0.70. Conclusions This scale has good reliability and validity and can be used for measuring health beliefs related to reproductive tract infections in women of childbearing age.

Objective To study the protective effects of activated protein C (AFC) on the apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in order to clarify the mechanisms associated with the expression of some genes related to apoptosis. Method The human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with LPS (1.0 μg/mL) for one hour to make the models of cell apoptosis, and then the different concentrations of AFC (10 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL) were added to the models of cell apoptosis as treatment group. Therefore, there were two groups, model group and APC treated group. The factors related with apoptosis such as P53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 mRNA or protein level were measured by using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results Compared with LPS stimulated cells, the expressions of P53, Bax and caspase-3 mRNA and levels of protein were decreased and the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein level were increased in APC treated cells particularly in APC 50 ng/mL treated cells (P <0.05). Conclusions The APC inhibits the apoptosis of HUVECs induced by LPS via regulating the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway, and it may become a novel therapeutic agent for infection disease.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the activity of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway in cerulein-induced pancreatic acinar cell line AR42J. Methods The in vivo model of AP was induced by cerulean treated pancreatic acinar cell line AR42J, then RPM and AG490 were given for intervention. Western blot was used to determine theexpressions of JAK1 and phosphorylation JAK1 ( P JAK1 ) , STAT1, PSTAT1 and TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6. The expressions of IL-6, IL-1 β, and TNFα mRNA were measured by RT-PCR. Survival rate of cells was evaluated by trypan blue stain. Results The relative expressions of JAK1, P JAK1, STAT1, P STAT1 and TNF-o, IL-1β, IL 6 without cerulean treatment were 0.09 ±0.04,0.14 ±0.08,0.21 ±0.09,0.12 ±0.12,0.10 ±0.02,0.08 ± 0.03,0.02 ± 0.02. After cerulean treatment, the expressions of abovementioned protein increased in a time-dependant manner, the expressions at 24h were 0.53 ± 0.09,0.53 ± 0.13,0.56 ± 0.09,0.55 ± 0.10,0.25 ± 0.04,0.25 ±0.09,0.27 ±0.07, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜0.05). 2 4 h after RPM and AG 4 9 0 inhibition, the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6 proteins significantly decreased to 0.17 ± 0.03and 0.17 ± 0.01,0.15 ± 0.05 and 0.14 ± 0.07,0.19 ± 0.04 and 0.19 ± 0.05; their expressions of mRNA significantly decreased ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The cell survival rates in RPM and AG490 treatment group were (72.4 ± 11.2) %, (69.7 ± 9.8 ) %, and in cerulein-stimulated cells (42.2 ± 12.3 ) % ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway was involved in pancreatic inflammatory response with cerulein stimulation. Early treatment with inhibitors to the JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway might control the inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis.

Objective To evaluate the left ventricular(LV)torsion in patients with permanent pacemaker implantation by speckle tracking imaging(STI).Methods Twenty-two patients with permanent pacemaker implantation were enrolled.Eleven of them had the pacing electrodes placed in the right ventricular(RV)apex(RVA group)and the others had the pacing electrodes placed in the RV outflow tract (RVOT group).Thirteen healthy subjects were studied as controls.The basal and apical shortaxis views of the left ventricle were acquired and analyzed using EchoPAC 7.0 station.Results ①The curves of LV torsion in the pacing groups were generally lower than those in the control group and notched.The torsion parameters of RVA group and RVOT group were all less than those of control group(Ptw:12.57±4.19°vs 12.43±5.46°vs 18.98±5.73°,all P＜0.05),but there were no significant differences between RVA group and RVOT group.The time of torsion was not changed in the pacing groups because there were no significant differences among the three groups.②The values of Ptw-a(peak twist of the apex)were gradually declined among control group,RVA group and RVOT group.There was statistical difference in Ptw-a between RVOT group and control group(7.40±4.27°vs 12.70±6.82°,P=0.0364).③The basal Tp-SD(standard deviation of times to peak twist)of RVOT group was significantly longer than that of control group[14.1(7.97～22.70)%vs 4.87(3.03～7.79)%,P=0.0298].And total Tp-SD of RVA group was significantly longer than that of control group[(7.6±6.5)%vs 2.26(1.62～3.51)%,P=0.0423].④The curves of torsion velocity in the pacing groups were obviously disorganized compared with control group.But there were no statistical differences in Ptv(peak twist velocity),Putv(peak untwisting velocity),Tptv(time to peak twist velocity)and Tutv(time to peak untwisting velocity)among the three groups.Conclusions The RV pacing tends to impair torsional synehrony of LV and depress LV torsion,though it doesn't change the timing of LV torsion.It may impair LV systolic and diastolic function.

Objective To evaluate the impact of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) on the outcome of pregnancy and the therapeutic effect of L-T4.Methods A total of 1 786 pregnant women during the first, second, and third trimesters were enrolled for thyroid screening by determining serum free thyroxine (FT4), total thyroxine (TT4), thyrotropin (TSH), and thyroid peroxidase antibody;123 pregnant women with SCH were successfully divided into treated group (n =42) and untreated group (n =81).The treated group was treated by L-T4 based on American Thyroid Association (ATA) 2011 guideline.Collected items include obstetric outcomes and complications.Results (1) Compared to control group, the rate of spontaneous abortion in pregnant women during first trimesters was increased in SCH group (20.99％ vs 8.45％, x2 =12.96, P =0.00), with higher incidence of diabetes during second trimester (24.69％ vs 10.45％, x2 =14.11, P =0.00).The incidences of hypertension during pregnancy, premature delivery, ablatio placentae, placenta praevia, fetus growth restriction, and low birth weight showed no difference between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).(2) Compared with the untreated group, the incidences of spontaneous abortion and diabetes were decreased in the treated group (7.14％ vs 20.99％, x2 =3.89, P =0.05;9.52％ vs 24.69％, x2 =4.05, P =0.04), while the incidences of hypertension, premature delivery, ablatio placentae, placenta praevia, fetus growth restriction, and low birth weight infant accident rate were not different between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions SCH during the frist trimester is a risk factor of spontaneous abortion;SCH during the middle stage of pregnancy is a risk factor of gestational diabetes mellitus.Treatment of SCH with L-T4 may be beneficial.

Objective To research the lymphatic tropism and lymph cell apoptosis of cisplatin-nano carbon suspension in rats with the aim of proposing a new way for chemotherapy.Methods A total of 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups.For the experimental group,cisplatin-nano carbon suspension 0.3 ml (4 mg/ml) was injected subcutaneously into Wistar rats' plantar.For the control group,cisplatin 0.3 ml (4 mg/ml) was injected intravenously.Cisplatin concentration in the inguinal lymphatic tissue and plasma was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 hours after drug administration.The apoptosis of lymph cell was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay (TUNEL).Targeting ability were evaluated and compared by targeting index (TI),selecting index (SI) and relative extraction efficiency (RE).SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze the differentiation of the cisplatin concentration and apoptosis index (AI) among various groups.DAS software was used to evaluate the lymphatic tropism.Results The cisplatin concentration of lymphatic tissue in experimental group were respectively (1.03±0.32),(3.00±0.91),(2.20±0.73),(1.56±0.38),(1.30±0.74) and (0.78±0.34) μg/g after administration 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 hours,while in control group were (0.49±0.21),(1.02±0.70),(0.59±0.50),(0.56±0.21),(0.47±O.18) and (0.36±0.13) μg/g,in which there were significant difference at every times (all P＜0.05) except at 1 hour (P=0.173).The cisplatin concentration in plasma were significant higher in the experimental group than those in the control group at various times (all P＜0.05),the former were respectively (0.57±0.28),(1.22±0.45),(0.61 ±0.18),(0.51 ±0.13),(0.45 ±0.13) and (0.40±0.07) μg/ml,while the latter were respectively (3.12± 0.33),(4.09± 0.48),(2.56 ± 0.38),(2.05 ± 0.13),(1.81 ± 0.28) and (1.44± 0.40) μg/ml.Values of TI were respectively 2.12,2.93,3.73,2.78,2.76 and 2.19 and SI were 1.80,2.45,3.63,3.07,2.86 and 1.93.Value of RE was 2.86.The AI in experimental group were respectively (16.5±5.2)％,(30.2±2.8)％,(51.7±4.3)％,(69.8±3.2)％,(80.1 ±4.3)％ and (89.7±8.5)％,while in control group were respectively(1.3±0.8)％,(2.4±1.7)％,(3.2±1.1)％,(3.9±2.6)％,(5.1±2.1)％ and (6.3±2.3)％,in which there were significant difference at every points (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The nano carbon has the character of lymphatic tropism,and could send cisplatin to lymphatic tissue to achieve a higher concentration.The trait may break a new way for chemotherapy targeting lymph metastasis.

Objective To observe the effect of Aitongping on c-fos gene expression and substance P(SP) content in spinal dorsal horn of rats with formalin-induced pain.Methods Fifty SD rats were randomized into 5 groups: blank control group,model group,tramadol group(0.06g/kg),high-and low-dose Aitongping groups(36 and 18g/kg respectively).Rats model of pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin into the plantar surface of the left hind paw of rats.The fos gene expression and SP content were observed in superficial lamella of spinal dorsal horn of spinal section from the lumbar vertebrae L3 to L5 by immunohistochemical method.Results The number of neurons with fos gene expression positive and the optical density(D value) of reactants with SP expression positive were increased in the model group(P

Objective: To observe the effect of Baihe Zhimu Decoction on serum sex hormone and uterus index of ovariectomized rats with kidney-yin deficiency. Methods: 3-month years old femal SD rats which were ovariectomized were divided randomLy into 6 groups: ovariectomized, Baihe Zhimu DecoctionⅠ, Baihe Zhimu DecoctionⅡ, Baihe Zhimu Decoction Ⅲ, Baihe Zhimu Decoction Ⅳ, then the normal group was set. The rats were induced to kidney-yin deficiency by using etraiodothyronine, then ig Baihe Zhimu Decoction for 4 weeks. The levels of sex hormone E2, FSH, LH in serum were detected and the indexes of uterus were caculated to observe the effect of Baihe Zhimu Decoction on sexual hormone and sexual organ in ovariectomized rats with kidney-yin deficiency. Results: Compared with normal group, the index of uterus and E2 level declined, and the level of FSH and LH increased (P

AIM: To study the effect of activated protein C(APC) at different concentrations on apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).METHODS: The HUVECs were induced by LPS(1.0 mg/L) as apoptotic model that was administered by different concentration of APC(10 ?g/L or 50 ?g/L).Meanwhile,the control group and induced apoptosis group induced by LPS(1.0 mg/L) stimulation were also set up.The changes of cellular ultrastructures were observed under electron microscope.The DNA ladder and TUNEL fluorescent staining were measured in cells.Annexin-Ⅴ/PI double staining was used to measure the cell apoptosis rate by flow cytometry.Cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay.The proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) expression levels in cells were also measured by Western blotting to reflect the proliferation of the cells.RESULTS: There were significant apoptotic changes in the cells induced by LPS,but the apoptotic changes were reduced and apoptosis rates were decreased in the cells treated with APC.Meanwhile,cell survival rate and the protein levels of PCNA were increased after APC treatment,particularly at the concentration of 50 ?g/L,which showed difference when compared with those induced apoptosis group by LPS(P