OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the utilization of quinolones in 81 hospitals in Shanghai.METHODS:By a retrospective study,the quinolones used in 81 hospitals in Shanghai were analyzed statistically in respect of the consumption sum,DDDs and DDC,etc.RESULTS:During the period 2006～2008,the average annual growth rates of quinolones in consumption sum,DDDs and DDC were 12.66%,0.48% and 12.12%,respectively;and the injections of quinolones that of higher DDC witnessed the more rapid mean growth rates,up to 14.33% in consumption sum and 3.10% in DDDs,while the mean growth rates for oral quinolones were 8.59% in consumption sum and-0.05% in DDDs.CONCLUSION:Measures should be taken to tighten control on the use of quinolones to ensure their safe,effective and economical clinical medication.

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) remains a major clinical challenge following transplantation.This article reviews the long-term negative impact of PTDM on transplant recipients, including impaired allograft function, poor patient survival, accelerated onset of diabetic complications, a significantly higher rate of infection, as well as chronic rejection, etc.

OBJECTIVE:To make out the current situation and trend of antibiotics used in hospitals of Shanghai and to make objective evaluation METHODS:To investigate antibiotics used in 47 hospitals of Shanghai during the period 2000～2002 in respect to the sum of money of consumption,kinds of drugs,frequency of use and DDDs RESULTS:During the period 2000～2002,the average annual consumption of antibiotics accounted for 21 24% of the sum of money for total consumption of drugs and droped with an average rate of 1 9% In which,antibiotics for injection rised with a rate of 10 59% successively,and oral antibiotics decreased with a rate of 10 82% In amount of consumption,Ceftriaxone,Cefuroxime and Ceftazidime occupied the front places of antibiotics for injection And the corresponding order of oral antibiotics were Cefaclor,Cefradine and Amoxicillin CONCLUSION:The consumption of cephalosporins was the highest in the order of sum of money of antibiotics The market prospects of antibiotics for injection will be wide and bright

【Objective】 To investigate the morbidity trend of the preterm delivery.【Methods】 A retrospective study was done on the delivery data in our hospital from 1969 to 1998. Select the cases on annual August as the sam pling units, and divided those 253 cases into three decade groups, to analyze th e obsterical factors affecting the preterm delivery.【Results】 ① The morbidity of the preterm delivery in thirty years was 4.72%(95% CI 4.16, 5.32). ② The re were no obvious changes of the morbidity among the years, and had no seasonal aggregation. ③ The cesarean section rates in the third decade increased signif icantly than those in former two decades (P<0.05). ④ As time goes on, the i ncidence of premature rupture of membrane increased, and that of the preterm del ivery with no obvious complication decreased. The cases with the intrauterine fe tal distress and IVF-ET in the third decade were significantly increased. ⑤ Th e gestation age and birth weight increased significantly, especially in the thir d decade, but the neonatal mortality had no obvious change. 【Conclusions】 Ther e was no reduction of the morbidity of the preterm delivery, further studies sho uld be emphasized. It seems unlikely the increased of cesarean section rates wil l reduce the neonatal mortality. PROM is important factors affecting the preterm delivery, and the IVF women may be at higher risk of preterm delivery.

Objective To develop a solid-phase extraction and HPLC method for the determination of midazolam and its hydroxy metabolites in child plasma. Methods Blood plasma samples were collected twenty four hours after treated with midazolam by continuous infusion of 2μg·kg-1·min-1 in our intensive care unit, the concentration of midazolam and its metabolites in plasma was detected by solid-phase extraction and RP-HPLC. The separation was performed on ZORBAX Eclipse XDB～C18 column(4.6 ×250mm,5μ m) with 7.56mmol/L ammonium sulfate - acetonitrile as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0ml/min,the column temperature was 25℃ and the wavelength of UV detector was 254nm. Results The retention time of 4-hydroxymidazolam, 1'-hydroxymidazolam and midazolam was detected as 8.14,9.09 and 11.18 min. The average recoveries for midazolam and its metabolites was 98.88% ～100.01% ,and RSD ＜ 4%. 29 patients took part in the study, the average plasma concentration of midazolam, 1'-hydroxymidazolam and 4-hydroxymidazolam was 0.68,0.28 and 0.08mg/L. Conclusion It is suitable for convention monitoring of the midazolam and its hydroxy metabolites concentration in the plasma

Objective To investigate the diagnosis, treatment and pregnancy outcomes of twin-twin transfusion syndrome(TTTS). Methods Eighteen cases of TTTS(TTTS group) were studied retrospectively from Jan 1991 to Oct 2005 in our hospital, and 620 twin pregnancies unaffected by TTTS (control group) were compared. Results (1)The overall incidence of TTTS was 2.8% in all twin pregnancies, and 8.1% in monochorionic twin pregnancies. (2) Fourteen cases of TTTS were staged, and 10 were terminated. Seven cases opted to be managed (1 case at stage Ⅱ, 5 at stage Ⅲ and 1 at stage Ⅳ). Transabdominal amnioreduction was performed in 3 cases, 2 of them progressed to stage Ⅴ and was terminated. One case was treated by fetoscopic laser coagulation and 2 neonates survived.(3)The ratio of conception by assisted reproductive techniques in TTTS group was lower(11.1% vs 40.0%,P

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the use and trend of lipid modifying agents in 83 Shanghai hospitals during the period 2004～2006.METHODS:Lipid modifying agents used in 83 Shanghai hospitals were analyzed statistically in respect of the kinds,consumption sum and DDDs etc.RESULTS:During the period 2004～2006,the use of lipid modifying agents increased year by year,with mean annual incremental rate of 15.40% in consumption sum and 15.37% in DDDs,but the average daily costs had no significant change.Leading the list in terms of consumption quantity were simvastatin,pravastatin and fenofibrate.CONCLUSION:The development trend of lipid modifying agents is promising.

OBJECTIVE:To make clear the situation and trend of drugs used for outpatients in Xinhua hospital during the period 1995～2001.METHODS:Data of drugs used for adult outpatients in our hospital during the period 1995～2001 was analysed.RESULTS:During the period 1995～2001,the average annual rates of growth of the number of prescriptions and the sum of money of prescriptions were 7.96% and 16.22% respectively.The percentages of domestic drugs,joint venture drugs and imported drugs were 80.56%,15.65% and 3.79% and the corresponding percentages of sum of money were 41.43%,47.65% and 10.92% respectively.The order of sum of money was as follows:cardiovascular drugs,gastro-intestinal drugs,anti-infective agents and antidiabetics,and the sum of money accounted for 22.92%,16.15%,14.84% and 6.46% respectively.CONCLUSION:In order to reduce the cost of drugs for outpatients,use of domestic drugs should be advocated.

AIM: To explore the correlation between drug concentration of etoposide (VP16) and CYP3A activity (CA) in leukemia. METHODS: The urinary 6?-hydroxycortisol/hydrocortisone ratio is a useful marker for CA. Concentration of VP16 in plasma and CA was determined by HPLC in 20 leucemia patients, and the correlation analysis was performed using the SPSS software. RESULTS: Correlation analysis between drug concentration of VP16 and CA in leukemia was poor correlated (r = 0.725), but concentration of VP16 and lgCA showed a good correlated (r =0.969). CONCLUSION: It is feasible to adjust the therapeutic regimen of VP16 by determining CA.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economic effectiveness in different pharmacotherapeutic schemes for Hp infection in children.METHODS:To analyze four therapeutic schemes for Hp infection in children with cost - effectiveness analysis.RESULTS: The cost- effectiveness ratios of four therapeutic schemes were 14.92,8.85,8.37 and 8.58 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: scheme C(clarithromycin + bismuth potassium citrate + metronidazole)is the best one.