There were 4 Acinetobacter lwoffii obtained from soil samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains to 16 antimicrobial agents was investigated using K-B method. Three isolates showed the multi-drug resistance. The presence of resistance genes and integrons was determined using PCR. The aadA1, aac(3')-IIc, aph(3')-VII, aac(6')-Ib, sul2, cat2, floR, and tet(K) genes were detected, respectively. Three class 1 integrons were obtained. The arr-3-aacA4 and blaPSE-1 gene cassette, which cause resistance to aminoglycoside and beta-lactamase antibiotics. Our results reported the detection of multi-drug resistant and carried resistant genes Acinetobacter lwoffii from soil. The findings suggested that we should pay close attention to the prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacterial species of environment.
Acinetobacter ; drug effects ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Housing, Animal ; Mink ; Soil Microbiology

To analyze the molecular mechanisms of cross-host transmission of the Aleutian mink disease vi rus (ADV), the hypervariable region fragment of the VP2 gene of the ADV in Jilin Province (China) was amplified. Sequencing analyses showed diversity at residue 174 by comparison with other VP2 genes in GenBank. The phylogenetic tree indicated that the ADV-JL strain had a close relationship with the highly pathogenic strain from Denmark: ADV-K. Results implied that residue 174 may be associated with ADV infectivity.
Aleutian Mink Disease ; virology ; Aleutian Mink Disease Virus ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Capsid Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; China ; Mink ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis

Mink plasmacytosis, caused by Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV), poses a threat to the development of the animal fur industry. Neutralizing antibodies against AMDV may result in a persistent infection rather than providing protection for minks. To date,no specific methods to prevent or cure this disease have been developed. In order to eliminate mink plasmacytosis, antibody detection technology has been used globally as a dominant approach to screen for AMDV-positive minks. This paper introduces the classical technology, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and emerging technology in terms of AMDV antibody detection,and provides a glimpse into the future development of these technologies.
Aleutian Mink Disease ; diagnosis ; immunology ; virology ; Aleutian Mink Disease Virus ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Immunoassay ; instrumentation ; methods ; Mink

Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (AMDV) causes a persistent infection associated with immune complex disease, hypergammaglobulinemia, and high levels of antiviral antibodies. Despite the presence of an antibody, the virus is not cleared in vivo. Pre-existing antibodies may enhance viral infections, by Fc-receptor-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), but the mechanism that underlies ADE has not been fully defined. Three models have been proposed, including: (1) interactions between antibody and FcR, complement C3 fragment and CR, or between C1q and C1qR, which promotes viral attachment to cells; (2) suppression of IFN-gamma-mediated host-cell antiviral gene expression by the upregulation of negative regulators of pathogen pattern recognition; and (3) the promotion of early IL-10 secretion. In addition, the role of cytokine IL-6 in ADE mediated disease development is discussed, to facilitate a better understanding of the pathogenesis of AMDV infection, as well as give insights into rational vaccine design approaches.
Aleutian Mink Disease ; immunology ; virology ; Aleutian Mink Disease Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Antibody-Dependent Enhancement ; Mink ; immunology ; virology

A chordoma is an uncommon tumor that originates from the remnants of the notochord and most commonly involves the cranial and caudal regions of the axial skeleton. Chordoma has been described in laboratory animals such as dogs, rats, minks, and ferrets. This report describes a case of a chordoma in the tail of a ferret. Grossly, a grayish-white, expansile, subcutaneous soft-tissue mass was observed in the tail. Histopathologically, the mass was a loosely placed, nodular, unencapsulated neoplasm within the dermis. In the mass, tumor lobules were intermingled with fibrous tissues. Fibrous tissues contained abundant extracellular basophilic material that was consistent with mucin. The tumor was composed of a close pack of adipocyte-like vacuolated cells (physaliferous cells). The cells were centrally or eccentrically located round nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm with large vacuoles. Immunohistologically, neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and S-100 protein. Based on histopathologic findings and special staining characteristics, this case was diagnosed as chordoma.
Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; Basophils ; Chordoma ; Cytoplasm ; Dermis ; Dogs ; Eosinophils ; Ferrets ; Mink ; Mucins ; Notochord ; Rats ; S100 Proteins ; Skeleton ; Tail ; Vacuoles ; Vimentin

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Oxidative stress results in protein oxidation and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is responsible for the enzymatic reversal of inactivated peroxiredoxin (Prx). Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) binds to antioxidant responsive elements and upregulates the expression of Srx and Prx during oxidative stress. We aimed to elucidate the biological functions and potential roles of Srx in lung cancer. METHODS: To study the roles of Srx and Prx III in lung cancer, we compared the protein levels of Nrf2, Prxs, thioredoxin, and Srx in 40 surgically resected human lung cancer tissues using immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses. Transforming growth factor-beta1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and camptothecin treatment were used to examine Prx III inactivation in Mv1Lu mink lung epithelial cells and A549 lung cancer cells. RESULTS: Prx I and Prx III proteins were markedly overexpressed in lung cancer tissues. A significant increase in the oxidized form of a cysteine sulfhydryl at the catalytic site of Prxs was found in carcinogenic lung tissue compared to normal lung tissue. Densitometric analyses of immunoblot data revealed significant Srx expression, which was higher in squamous cell carcinoma tissue (60%, 12/20) than in adenocarcinoma (20%, 4/20). Also, Nrf2 was present in the nuclear compartment of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: Srx and Prx III proteins were markedly overexpressed in human squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting that these proteins may play a protective role against oxidative injury and compensate for the high rate of mitochondrial metabolism in lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma/*enzymology/genetics/mortality/pathology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Camptothecin/pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*enzymology/genetics/mortality/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms/*enzymology/genetics/mortality/pathology ; Mink ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/*metabolism ; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors/genetics/*metabolism ; Peroxiredoxin III/*metabolism ; Peroxiredoxins/metabolism ; Prognosis ; RNA Interference ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Up-Regulation

BACKGROUNDGingerol is the generic term for pungent constituents in ginger, which has been reported to be effective for inhibiting vomiting. We attempted to investigate the antiemetic effect of gingerol and its effective mechanism on substance P and NK(1) receptors in minks.

METHODSThe antiemetic effect of gingerol was investigated during a 6-hour observation on a vomiting model in minks induced by cisplatin, (7.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). The distribution of substance P and NK(1) receptors in the area postrema and ileum were measured by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of NK(1) receptor in the area postrema and ileum were measured by Western blotting.

RESULTSThe frequency of cisplatin induced retching and vomiting was significantly reduced by pretreatment with gingerol in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Substance P-immunoreactive was mainly situated in the mucosa and submucosa of the ileum as well as in the neurons of the area postrema. The immunoreactive production of NK(1) receptor was mainly situated in the muscular and submucosa of ileum and the neurons of area postrema, gingerol markedly suppressed the increased immunoreactivity of substance P and NK(1)1 receptor induced by cisplatin in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), and exhibited effective inhibition on the increased expression levels of NK(1) receptor in both the ileum and area postrema dose-dependently (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSGingerol has good activity against cisplatin-induced emesis in minks possibly by inhibiting central or peripheral increase of substance P and NK(1) receptors.

Animals ; Area Postrema ; metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Catechols ; therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatty Alcohols ; therapeutic use ; Ileum ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mink ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1 ; metabolism ; Substance P ; metabolism ; Vomiting ; chemically induced ; drug therapy

Self-biting is a chronic disease, which cause wound to take effect on mink growth and pelt quality. In this study, we firstly adopted RAPD (random amplification polymorphism DNA) technique based on the reproducible 26 polymorphism primers screened from 100 random primers to analyze hereditary constitution of the samples from healthy minks and self-biting minks, respectively, at molecular level to aim to discuss the causes of self-biting. The results showed that 29 straps showed polymorphism among amplified 105 straps, of which the polymorphism rate is 27.62%. Between healthy and sick mink groups, the amplified DNA fragment through different primers indicated different distribution frequency. The similarity coefficient of mink groups is 0.8471 and genetic distance (variation) index is 0.1529. Through primer S356 (whose sequence is CTGCTTAGGG), we amplified different straps between healthy and sick mink. The amplified 1000 bp DNA fragment in the sick mink groups can preliminarily serve as molecular genetic label to distinguish from healthy and sick mink groups to gradually remove the mink individual of self-biting, achieve to purify mink groups and reduce economy loss of mink breeding industry. This work provide theoretical basis for further study on molecular breeding and disease prevention of mink.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; etiology ; genetics ; veterinary ; Mink ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique

OBJECTIVETo study emetic and anti-emetic effects of Rhizoma pinelliae in minks.

METHODThe emetic effect of raw pinellia 2 g kg(-1) (i.g.) was investigated. Three preparations of Rhizoma pinelliae (processed with ginger) were made by ethanol extraction, water extraction and water decoction respectively and their effects on emesis model induced by cisplatin (7.5 mg kg(-1), i.p.) or apomorphine (1.6 mg kg(-1), s.c.) were then studied; the effect of the decoction of ginger-processed Rhizoma pinelliae on rotation-induced emesis model in minks was also observed.

RESULTThe emesis was induced by raw pinellia in minks (P < 0.01); ginger-processed Rhizoma pinelliae, metoclopramide and ondansetron significantly inhibit the emesis induced by cisplatin and apomorphine (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGinger-processed Rhizoma pinelliae exhibits a anti-emetic effect in minks, which may be mediated by inhibiting the function of the vomiting center in central nervous system.

Animals ; Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Ginger ; Hot Temperature ; Male ; Mink ; Phytotherapy ; Pinellia ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Vomiting ; chemically induced ; drug therapy

AIMTo study the mechanisms of anti-diabetic nephropathy of rhein on cultured human mesangial cells (HMCs).

METHODSTo mimic the hyperglycemic (HG) environment of diabetic nephropathy, 30 mmol x L(-1) glucose were added to 10% FBS RPMI 1640. The HMCs were treated with rhein for 8, 24, 48 or 72 h, at these time, the bioactivity, total activity of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1), activity of p38MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, by using immunoprecipitate and Western blot), MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2), and MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9, by using gelatinase zymography) and the proliferation of HMCs in high glucose media were measured. Meanwhile the levels of secretion of FN in cultured HMCs were measured.

RESULTSThe results showed that rhein markedly inhibit the proliferation of HMCs, significantly reduce the bioactivity of TGFbeta1 and FN secretion in HMCs, and decrease the increased activity of p38MAPK, but showed no action on the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9.

CONCLUSIONRhein reduced the secretion of FN and inhibited the proliferation of HMCs may through inhibiting the bioactivities of TGFbeta1 and p38MAPK.

Animals ; Anthraquinones ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Fibronectins ; secretion ; Glomerular Mesangium ; cytology ; metabolism ; Glucose ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Mink ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism