A patient treated with venlafaxine for major depression developed an interstitial lung disease (ILD) with the characteristic clinical, radiological and pathological features of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. A high resolution computed tomography scan demonstrated ground glass opacity, mosaic perfusion with air-trapping and traction bronchiectasis in both lungs. The pathological findings were consistent with a nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern. Clinical and radiological improvements were noted after the discontinuation of venlafaxine and the administration of a corticosteroid. This report provides further evidence that the anti-depressant venlafaxine can cause ILD.
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic ; Bronchiectasis ; Depression ; Glass ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial* ; Perfusion ; Pneumonia ; Traction ; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a rare, serious complication of assisted reproductive procedures for fertility treatment. Although most cases of OHSS are mild to moderate in nature, its severe form causes life-threatening complications including respiratory distress, renal failure, liver dysfunction, and thromboembolism because of hemoconcentration. We herein report a rare autopsy case of severe OHSS in a 29-year-old woman who underwent controlled ovulation induction. Three days after the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin, she developed abdominal pain and distension. Two days after, she suddenly developed respiratory arrest, hypotension and semicomatose mentality and died of respiratory failure. At autopsy, multifocal thromboembolism was detected in the internal carotid arteries, internal jugular veins, pulmonary arteries, inferior vena cava, renal arteries, and deep leg veins. And there were cerebral edema, anasarca, pleural effusion, massive pulmonary edema, ascites, and bilateral ovarian enlargement. Microscopically, the bilateral ovaries showed multiple well-developed cyst formations consisting of membrana granulosa and theca interna. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first autopsy report of severe OHSS with multifocal arterial and venous thromboembolism.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Ascites ; Autopsy ; Brain Edema ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Edema ; Female ; Fertility ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Jugular Veins ; Leg ; Liver Diseases ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ; Ovary ; Ovulation Induction ; Pleural Effusion ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Edema ; Renal Artery ; Renal Insufficiency ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Theca Cells ; Thromboembolism ; Veins ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; Venous Thromboembolism

Background: To date, the clinical significance of visually equivocal amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) has not been well established. Objective: We studied the clinical significance of equivocal amyloid PET images from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Methods: Subjects with F-18 florbetapir PET scans at baseline who were followed up for 4 years were selected. Clinical characteristics, imaging biomarkers, cognitive function, and rate of conversion to AD were compared in subjects with visually equivocal findings. Results Of 249 subjects who completed the follow-up, 153 (61.4%), 20 (8.0%), and 129 (30.5%) were F-18 florbetapir-negative, -equivocal, and -positive, respectively. The mean standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) of F-18 florbetapir PET were 0.75 ± 0.04, 0.85 ± 0.10, and 1.00 ± 0.09 for each group (p <0.001 between groups), and 15.0%, 70.0%, and 98.7% of patients were quantitatively above the positive threshold. The change in the SUVR of F-18 florbetapir PET was higher in the equivocal (6.09 ± 3.61%, p <0.001) and positive (3.13 ± 4.38%, p <0.001) groups than the negative group (0.88 ± 4.28%). Among the subjects with normal or subjective memory impairment and mild cognitive impairment, 5.3% with negative amyloid PET and 37.5% with positive amyloid PET converted to AD over the 4-year period. None of the equivocal amyloid PET subjects converted to AD during this period.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between low back pain (LBP) and sagittal spino-pelvic parameters along with the relationship between LBP and back muscle mass in Korean male and female fishery workers. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 146 subjects who underwent Fishermen’s health survey conducted between June 2018 and August 2020. LBP was evaluated through visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Sagittal spino-pelvic parameters were measured from whole spine standing X-rays. Back muscle cross-sectional areas were identified through lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging and body composition was analyzed through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: The study included 75 males and 71 females, with an average age of 58.33 years for males and 56.45 years for females. Female subjects exhibited higher VAS and ODI scores, larger pelvic tilt (PT) and trunk fat mass and smaller trunk muscle mass compared to males. In female, ODI positively correlated with sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and PT. No significant correlations were found between ODI scores and body composition in either sex. The high ODI group showed greater SVA, PT, and pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis and higher trunk fat/muscle ratio. Psoas muscle mass, total and skeletal muscle mass and trunk muscle mass of that group were smaller than those of low ODI group. Conclusion Spino-pelvic parameters and back muscle mass were associated with ODI and there were differences between Korean male and female fishery workers.

PURPOSE: The congenital H-type rectovestibular fistula, a fistula between the anorectum and genital tract besides a normal anus is a rare variant of anorectal deformities. This disease needs proper treatment but there are no standard of diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this report is to review a 13-year experience of approach and management for H-type rectovestibular fistula at a single institution. METHODS: From February 2002 to August 2015, we cared for 11 patients who had congenital H-type rectovestibular fistula and reviewed their clinical presentation, accompanied anomalies, diagnostic modalities, operative technique, and postoperative progress. RESULTS: Most patients with H-type rectovestibular fistula presented with symptoms including vestibular defecation and major labial abscess. We could find the fistula tract in most of patients by fistulography using contrast dye. All of the patients had been operated. There were 2 recurrences after surgical treatment who had inflammation and infection associated with the fistula. All other patients recovered without complications. CONCLUSION: We think the operation including fistulectomy and repair of perineal body through a transanal approach can be a feasible option to the congenital H-type rectovestibular fistula. Also, combined inflammation and infection should be treated prior to surgery to reduce postoperative complications.
Abscess ; Anal Canal ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Defecation ; Diagnosis* ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated changes in mammographic density (MMGD) after hormone therapy (HT) using levonorgestrel (LNG) in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 58 healthy postmenopausal women with no history of prior HT were included. Twenty-three women were given a cyclic regimen of estradiol valerate (E) 2 mg/day + LNG 0.075 mg/day and 25 untreated women served as a negative control and 10 women treated with continuous combined regimen of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg/day + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 2.5 mg/day as a positive control. Mammography was obtained at baseline and 1 year later, and MMGD was assessed. In addition, the change in the proportion of the dense area after HT was assessed using the J-image program. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics among three groups. After 1 year of HT, increase of BI-RADS grade in CEE + MPA group (7/9, 77.8%) was higher than in E + LNG group (2/16, 12.5%; P = 0.001). But there was no difference between untreated group (1/19, 5.3%) and E + LNG group (2/16, 12.5%; P = 0.446). In subgroup analysis of women with BI-RADS grade 3 at baseline, no significant difference. Changes in the proportion of dense areas assessed by the J-image program showed similar results. Regression analysis revealed that there was no correlation between baseline dense area and changes after HT in E + LNG group. CONCLUSION: HT using LNG did not influence MMGD in Korean postmenopausal women. Further study on breast cancer risk may be needed.
Breast Neoplasms ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Levonorgestrel ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Mammography ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated changes in mammographic density (MMGD) after hormone therapy (HT) using levonorgestrel (LNG) in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 58 healthy postmenopausal women with no history of prior HT were included. Twenty-three women were given a cyclic regimen of estradiol valerate (E) 2 mg/day + LNG 0.075 mg/day and 25 untreated women served as a negative control and 10 women treated with continuous combined regimen of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg/day + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 2.5 mg/day as a positive control. Mammography was obtained at baseline and 1 year later, and MMGD was assessed. In addition, the change in the proportion of the dense area after HT was assessed using the J-image program. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics among three groups. After 1 year of HT, increase of BI-RADS grade in CEE + MPA group (7/9, 77.8%) was higher than in E + LNG group (2/16, 12.5%; P = 0.001). But there was no difference between untreated group (1/19, 5.3%) and E + LNG group (2/16, 12.5%; P = 0.446). In subgroup analysis of women with BI-RADS grade 3 at baseline, no significant difference. Changes in the proportion of dense areas assessed by the J-image program showed similar results. Regression analysis revealed that there was no correlation between baseline dense area and changes after HT in E + LNG group. CONCLUSION: HT using LNG did not influence MMGD in Korean postmenopausal women. Further study on breast cancer risk may be needed.
Breast Neoplasms ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Levonorgestrel ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Mammography ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ; Retrospective Studies

Radiography, ultrasonography with hydrogram, and contrast studies using radiopaque markers were applied to evaluate alimentary lymphoma in two cats. The hydrogram facilitated the differentiation of pseudo-thickening from true wall thickening, and enabled an evaluation of wall layering and lymph nodes. In case 1, mechanical obstruction of the duodenum was confirmed with barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS), a radiopaque marker; however, results obtained in case 2 were not as definitive. We expect that hydrograms and BIPS can be used as valuable alternative methods to evaluate the gastrointestinal (GI) tract although further studies in cases involving GI tumors are needed.
Animals ; Cats ; Duodenum ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Polyethylene

Multicentric Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare atypical lymphoproliferative disorder, which is characterized by various systemic manifestations. Some patients with multicentric CD may have concomitant lung parenchymal lesions, for which lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is known to be the most common pathologic finding. Follicular bronchiolitis and LIP are considered to be on the same spectrum of the disease. We describe a case of multicentric CD with pulmonary involvement, which was pathologically proven as follicular bronchiolitis.
Bronchiolitis ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia ; Humans ; Lip ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Topoisomerase IIα has been a representative anti-cancer target for decades thanks to its functional necessity in highly proliferative cancer cells. As type of topoisomerase IIα targeting drugs, topoisomerase II poisons are frequently in clinical usage. However, topoisomerase II poisons result in crucial consequences resulted from mechanistically induced DNA toxicity. For this reason, it is needed to develop catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerase IIα through the alternative mechanism of enzymatic regulation. As a catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase IIα, AK-I-191 was previously reported for its enzyme inhibitory activity. In this study, we clarified the mechanism of AK-I-191 and conducted various types of spectroscopic and biological evaluations for deeper understanding of its mechanism of action. Conclusively, AK-I-191 represented potent topoisomerase IIα inhibitory activity through binding to minor groove of DNA double helix and showed synergistic effects with tamoxifen in antiproliferative activity.