[Aim]To create CPI mode of teaching Chinese as a foreign language in a TCM university. [Method]Based on conventional teaching, language partner and interculture communication class(mixing Chinese and international students) were introduced in CPI mode. The effect of this mode was ana-lyzed. [Result] By effectively promoting the cooperative learning between Chinese and international students, CPI mode could not only improve Chinese teaching effect, but also improve international students’ability on intercultural communication.[Conclusion] Based on its practice, CPI mode is believed as an effective way to improve teaching and study.

Objective To study the effect of VacA on the secretion of THP-1 macrophages as an individual virulence determinant, and the effect of NF-kB on the secretion of THP-1 macrophages. Methods The recombinant plasmid pDsRed-Monomer-Cl/vacA was transfected into macrophages. The cytokine con-tent of TNF-α or IL-1β in the culture medium was tested quantitatively with ELISA kit, respectively. The content of NO or ROS in the culture medium was tested with Griess reagent or DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. The apoptosis rate of macrophages was tested by flow cytometry. The effect of PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-kB, on the secretion and apoptosis of macrophages transfected with the recombinant plasmids, was also studied. The activity of NF-kB was examined in THP-1 cells by electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay(EMSA). Re-suits At 6 h after transfection, the level of TNF-α and IL-1 β in macrophages transfected with the recombi-nant plasmids was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). At 6 h or 12 h after trans-fection, the level of NO and ROS in macrophages transfected with the recombinant plasmids was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). At 16 h after transfection, the apoptosis rate of macropha-ges transfected with the recombinant plasmids was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). PDTC decreased the production of TNF-α, IL-1 β, NO, ROS and apoptosis rate induced by VacA. VacA was found to trigger NF-kB activation. Conclusion The over-expression of VacA fusion protein can up-regulate secretion and apoptosis of macrophages. Activation of NF-kB is probably involved in the produc-tion of TNF-α, IL-1β, NO, ROS and apoptosis induced by VacA.

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of combination preoperative carbohydrate loading and postoperative enteral nutrition in patients with gastric cancer during perioperative period. Methods: 70 patients were randomly divided into group A(preoperative fasting + postoperative EN,n = 23),group B(preoperative carbohydrate loading + postoperative TPN,n = 23) and group C(preoperative carbohydrate loading + postoperative EN,n = 20).After operation,insulin sensitivity,nutritional status,immune function and clinical outcome were compared among three groups. Results: Compared with the other two groups in insulin sensitivity,nutritional status,immune function and clinical outcome,the group C was better and different(P

Objective To construct an eukaryotic expression plasmid PeDNA3.1 (+)/Lpp20 and to detect its expression in HeLa cells, and to observe the humoral and cellular immune responses in C57BL/6 mice induced by the Helicobacter pylori Lpp20 DNA vaccine injected intramuscularly. Methods The Lpp20 gene was amplified by PCR. PCR product was subcloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 (+)/ Lpp20, and the recombinant plasmid was transfected into HeLa cells using Liposome. After verifying that the Lpp20 antigen gene could be expressed in HeLa cells. Six weeks old C57BL/6 mice were immunized with pcDNA3.1 (+)/Lpp20 or pcDNA3.1 (+) or PBS buffer intramuscularly at 2-week interval for four times. ELISA was used for the quantitative detection of the specific IgG antibody in the sera of C57BL/6 mice and the cytokine IFN-γ in mice spleen lymphocyte culture medium after stimulating by Lpp20. The proliferation response of spleen cells was detected by MTT assay. The Lpp20 gene in muscle was identified by PCR. Results The significant specific antibody titers were detected by ELISA in DNA vaccine groups and the highest titer was 1:1024 after 6 weeks. The cytnkine IFN-γ in mice inoculated with pcDNA3.1 (+)/Lpp20 was increased and reached (410.36±56.23) pg/ml. A significant difference was tested between the experiment group and the control group[(25.26±10.85)pg/ml] ,P <0.01. The proliferation response of spleen cells of DNA vaccine group(SI: 2.37±0.22) was significantly higher than those of mice injected with pcDNA3.1 (+) (SI:1.53+0.47) ,P<0.01. Lpp20 gene could exist constantly in musculature cells of mice. Conclusion The eukaryotic expression recombinant pcDNA3.1 (+)/Lpp20 was successfully constructed. Strong humoral and cellular im-munity can be induced by DNA vaccine of pcDNA3.1(+)/Lpp20 in C57BL/6 mice, which might be helpful for further investigation concerning the immunoprotection of DNA vaccine.

Objective To investigate the immune response of mucosal immunization of new chitosan(CS) nanoparticles coating DNA vaccine. Methods The chitosan nanoparticles containing plasmid DNA encoding H. pylori lipoprotein Lpp20 gene were prepared using a complex coacervation method and then its speciality were analyzed. We then administered the naked plasmid DNA and chitosan-DNA nanoparticles to 6-week-old female BALB/c mice by intranasal or oral mucosal routes to observe the humoral and cellular immune responses. Results Naked plasmid pcDNA3.1 ( + )/Lpp20 and chitosan-pcDNA3. 1 ( + )/Lpp20 nanoparticles both induced effective immune response in mice through mucosal vaccination. Specific IgG and sIgA antibodies of chitosan-pcDNA3. 1 ( + )/Lpp20 nanoparticles groups were higher than that of naked pcDNA3.1 ( + )/Lpp20 group. The concentration of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 in cultural supernatant of T lymphocytes from chitosan-pcDNA3. 1 ( + )/Lpp20 nanoparticles immunized mice increased greatly than that of control groups. After stimulated by corresponding antigen, the stimulation index of intranasal or oral delivery of chitosan-pcDNA3. 1 ( + )/Lpp20 nanoparticles group was significantly higher than that of pcDNA3.1( + )/Lpp20 group, CS group and PBS control group. Moreover, systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice induced by intranasal immunization were stronger than that of oral immunization. Conclusion Chitosan nanoparticles enhanced the immune response of pcDNA3.1 ( + )/Lpp20 DNA vaccine by intranasal or oral administration in BALB/c mice. Compared to oral administration, intranasal delivery of chitosan-pcDNA3.1 ( + )/Lpp20 DNA nanoparticles could induce stronger cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice.

Objective To investigate the characteristic and diagnosis of left ventricular diverticulum. Meth-ods As one left ventricular diverticulum patient was diagnosed by echocardiography in our hospital,we reviewed and analyzed about published in China. Results Left ventricular diverticulum is a rare disease of congenital heart malfor-marion, Echocardiographic characteristics of the left ventricular diverticulum is the saccular evngination of the left ven-tricular wall with the neck of the diverticula being smaller than the body. Left ventricular diverticulum is classified into contractile muscular type and fibrous type ,The saccular wall of contractile muscular diverticulum remain a normal mo-tion and is thinner than the normal wall The saccular wall of the fibrous diverticulum is due to a loss of myocardial thickness, as thin as aneurysm with a dyskinetic motion. Conclusion Left ventricular diverticulum is a rare disease in clinic, echocardiography is very important for diagnosing classifying.

A biosensor was constructed to detect the endotoxin.The amine-terminated aptamer was immobilized on the gold electrode surface covered in advance with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA).The modification of the gold electrode was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).It was found that MPA assembly time at 6 h in the gold electrode surface to form a stable self-assembled monolayer.The biosensor has a good linear relationship with concentration of endotoxin in the range of 0.001 ～0.1 EU/ml,it is possible to be applied for quality control in the actual biological sample.

Objective To investigate the immune response of IL-10 to Schistosoma japonicum infection in the early infectioin model and SEA immunization model of the IGTP~(-/-) and IRG-47~(-/-) mice.Methods In the early infection model,the IGTP knock out (IGTP~(-/-)) mice,IRG-47 knock out (IRG-47~(-/-)) mice and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 300 S.japonicum cercariae via the pinna and sacrificed on day 7 post-infection.Each mouse pinna section was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to detect the pathological lesions,and the culture supernatant of pinna was used to test the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines by indirect ELISA.In the SEA immunization model,IGTP~(-/-) IRG-47~(-/-) and WT mice were immunized with SEA twice and sacrificed in 3 weeks after the initial immunization.SEA-specific IgG antibody in sera was detected by indirect ELISA;the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines were tested in culture supernatant of splenocytes by indirect ELISA;the proportions of CD4~+ T cells,CD8~+ T cells,B cells,Th1 and Th2 cells in the spleen were assayed by FACS.Results Although no obvious differences on the pathology of pinna were observed among the three mouse groups,the level of IL-10 in the culture supernatant of pinna of IRG-47~(-/-) mice was lower than that of IGTP~(-/-) mice in 7 days after the exposure.Following SEA immunization,the level of SEA-specific IgG antibody in sera of IGTP~(-/-) mice was lower than that in WT mice,the level of IL-10 in the culture supernatant of splenocytes of IRG-47~(-/-) mice was higher than that of IGTP~(-/-) and WT mice with the stimulation of SEA.However,the proportion of Th2 cells in the spleen of IRG47~(-/-) mice was the lowest among the three mouse groups.Conclusions SEA is the stimulus of IRG-47 deficiency mice to defend Schistosoma japanicum infection and promote the host to produce a protective response,and IL-10 may play an important role in immune regulation in this process.

Obiective To investigate the molecular characteristics of heteroresistant vancomycinintermediate Staphylococcus aureus(hVISA)in China and analyze the differences of the molecular characteristics between hVISA and VSSA(vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus)isolates.Methods A total of 3 15 non-repetitive MBSA were collected from the national surveillance program in China in 2007.The isolates of hVISA were confirmed by modified population analysis profile-area under the curve(PAP-AUC).The genotypes of agr and SCCmec were determined by multiplex PCR,and spa typing was performed bv PCR and DNA sequencing.The pvl gene was detected bv PCR Results The prevalence of hVISA was 9.5%(30/315).Among 315 MRSA,SCCmec Ⅲ was the most popular type,which was found in 234 isolates(234/315,74.3%),followed by SCCmec Ⅱ,which was identified in 56 isolates (56/315,17.8%).The rate of SCCmec Ⅱ in hVISA(46.7%)was significantly hisher than in VSSA (14.7%,X~2=18.93,P＜0.001).The most prevalent agr type among 315 MRSA was agr 1 accounting for 73.6%(232/315).The agr 2 accounted for 18.7%(59/315),and agr 3 and agr 4 were very rare in clinical isolates.It was different in agr types between the two groups.The rate of agr 2 in hVISA(53.4%)was higher than in VSSA(15.1%).X~2 value was 26.08 and P value was less than 0.001 through X~2 test.There was a statistical significance in the result.There were 4 spa types in hVISA isolates,including t002 (13 isolates),t037(9 isolates),t030(6 isolates),and 1548(2 isolates).The pvl positive MRSA isolates were very low,accounting for 1.6%(5/315).Conclusions The prevalence of hVISA was relatively higher in China.Compared to VSSA,the majority(53.4%)of the hVISA strains were agr 2,which was obviously different from VSSA.hVISA isolates were more diverse by spa typing,

Objective To investigate the expression characteristics of miR-155 and miR-146a in mice with schistosomiasis and praziquantel(PZQ)treatment. Methods Totally 40 BABL/c mice were divided into 4 groups:a normal group,a 6W infect-ed group that were infected cutaneously with 10 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae for 6 weeks,a 12W infected group that were in-fected cutaneously with 10 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae for 12 weeks,and a praziquantel treated group that were infected cuta-neously with 10 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae and intragastrically administered with PZQ(300 mg/kg/day)for 1 day in 6 weeks post-infection and continuing surviving 6 weeks. The animals were sacrificed in 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-infection respectively. The left front lobe of each liver was stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)to detect pathological lesions. The levels of mRNA ex-pressions of miR-155,miR-146a and pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6)in the liver tissue were determined by using quantitative real-time PCR. Results The levels of mRNA expressions of miR-155,miR-146a and pro-inflammatory cyto-kines(TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6)in the 6W infected mice were significantly higher than those of the normal mice and of the 12W in-fected mice. Compared with the 12W infected mice,the inflammation response of liver egg granuloma in the PZQ-treated mice was ameliorated. Furthermore,there was a marked increase in the levels of mRNA expressions of miR-155,miR-146a and three pro-in-flammatory cytokines in the PZQ-treated mice compared to the 12W infected mice. Conclusion miR-155 and miR-146a may play a role in schistosomiasis liver inflammation response and the inflammation regulation of praziquantel treatment.