BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The functional outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) varies widely. The aim of this study was to identify the factors predicting outcome following TBI. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled acute TBI patients, and assessed them clinically and radiologically using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Functional outcome was measured using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 3 months after TBI. A GOS score of < or =4 was regarded as an unfavorable outcome. We performed multivariate analysis to investigate the association between clinicoradiological variables and outcome. RESULTS: Forty-two patients completed the clinical evaluation in the acute phase and outcome measurement at 3 months. Motorcycle accident was associated with unfavorable outcome [odds ratio (OR)=38.3, p=0.022]. If the patients were the victims of the accident, they were more likely to have an unfavorable outcome (OR=21.3, p=0.037). All seven patients with a low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (i.e., < or =8) at 24 or 48 h after TBI were also found to have an unfavorable outcome. The presence of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) was a significant predicting factor of an unfavorable outcome (OR=8.48, p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Motorcycle accident, being an accident victim, and a lower GCS score at 24 hours or more after the accident were found to be unfavorable prognostic variables. DAI was the only radiologic variable predicting an unfavorable outcome. Thus, it is important to identify DAI by applying MRI in the acute phase.
Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Diffuse Axonal Injury ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Motorcycles ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neuroimaging ; Prospective Studies

A 56-year-old woman with emphysematous pyelonephritis underwent an emergent left nephrectomy due to her religious creed. Postoperative hemoglobin level was decreased to 4.4 g/dL from preoperative value of 13.9 g/dL. The patient completely recovered without transfusion and was discharged on the 40th postoperative day without complication.
Anemia* ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy* ; Pyelonephritis

Background: Advanced cancers are associated with more severe symptoms and greater impairment. Although most patients with metastatic cancer would benefit from rehabilitation, few patients receive appropriate rehabilitation therapy. We explored the use of rehabilitation therapy by cancer patients. Our data represented the entire population of Korea. The analyses were performed according to cancer type and stage. Methods: We extracted rehabilitation utilization data of patients newly diagnosed with cancer in the period of 2011–2015 from the Korea Central Cancer Registry, which is linked to the claims database of the National Health Insurance Service (n = 958,928). Results: The utilisation rate increased during the study period, from 6.0% (11,504) of 192,835 newly diagnosed patients in 2011 to 6.8% (12,455) of 183,084 newly diagnosed patients in 2015. Patients with central nervous system (28.4%) and bone (27.8%) cancer were most likely to undergo physical rehabilitation. The rehabilitation rate was higher in patients with metastatic than localised or regional cancer (8.7% vs. 5.3% vs. 5.5%). Conclusion This claims-based study revealed that rehabilitation therapy for cancer patients is underutilised in Korea. Although patients with metastasis underwent more intensive rehabilitation than patients with early stage cancer, those without brain and bone tumours (the treatment of which is covered by insurance) were less likely to use rehabilitation services. Further efforts to improve the use of rehabilitation would improve the outcomes of cancer patients.

Colorectal cancer has a high worldwide incidence. Japan, a country that is geographically and culturally similar to the Republic of Korea (here after Korea), has recently reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of colorectal cancer. However, Korea had the highest incidence of colorectal cancer among Asian countries in 2012. Our aim was to observe the changing trends in incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in Korea and to compare them to those in Japan. Incidence data were collected from the Korean Central Cancer Registry and mortality data were collected from Korean Statistical Information Service. Incidence and mortality data on colorectal cancer in Japan were acquired from the National Cancer Center in Japan. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were determined based on Segi's world population. Screening data from both countries were collected from the national cancer center in each country. In Korea, the age-standardized incidence rate of colorectal cancer in both sexes was 20.9 to 38.0 per 100,000 from 1999 to 2012 and the rate in males increased more dramatically than in females. In addition, the increase between 2002 and 2012 was first observed in the age group over 40. In Japan, the incidence of colorectal cancer has been more constant over recent years than in Korea. The age-standardized mortality rate of colorectal cancer in both sexes in Korea was 8.5 to 9.3 per 100,000 from 2000 to 2013, and the trend in mortality was constant during this period. In Japan, the mortality rate decreased slightly during the same period. Crude screening rates were increased overall in both Korea and Japan during the period studied. Since the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased in Korea, the control of this cancer is an important public health issue. As Japan has achieved a reduction in colorectal cancer, adjustment of Korea's current systems for screening and treatment of colorectal cancer according to those of Japan may contribute to improved colorectal cancer control in Korea.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Information Services ; Japan* ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Public Health ; Republic of Korea*

Elevated blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by secondary causes are frequently observed. The identification and appropriate handling of these causes are essential for secondary dyslipidemia treatment. Major secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia include an unhealthy diet, diseases and metabolic conditions affecting lipid levels, and therapeutic side effects. It is imperative to correct secondary causes prior to initiating conventional lipid-lowering therapy. Guideline-based lipid therapy can then be administered based on the subsequent lipid levels.

Elevated blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by secondary causes are frequently observed. The identification and appropriate handling of these causes are essential for secondary dyslipidemia treatment. Major secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia include an unhealthy diet, diseases and metabolic conditions affecting lipid levels, and therapeutic side effects. It is imperative to correct secondary causes prior to initiating conventional lipid-lowering therapy. Guideline-based lipid therapy can then be administered based on the subsequent lipid levels.

Elevated blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by secondary causes are frequently observed. The identification and appropriate handling of these causes are essential for secondary dyslipidemia treatment. Major secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia include an unhealthy diet, diseases and metabolic conditions affecting lipid levels, and therapeutic side effects. It is imperative to correct secondary causes prior to initiating conventional lipid-lowering therapy. Guideline-based lipid therapy can then be administered based on the subsequent lipid levels.

Elevated blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by secondary causes are frequently observed. The identification and appropriate handling of these causes are essential for secondary dyslipidemia treatment. Major secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia include an unhealthy diet, diseases and metabolic conditions affecting lipid levels, and therapeutic side effects. It is imperative to correct secondary causes prior to initiating conventional lipid-lowering therapy. Guideline-based lipid therapy can then be administered based on the subsequent lipid levels.

Elevated blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by secondary causes are frequently observed. The identification and appropriate handling of these causes are essential for secondary dyslipidemia treatment. Major secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia include an unhealthy diet, diseases and metabolic conditions affecting lipid levels, and therapeutic side effects. It is imperative to correct secondary causes prior to initiating conventional lipid-lowering therapy. Guideline-based lipid therapy can then be administered based on the subsequent lipid levels.

Elevated blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by secondary causes are frequently observed. The identification and appropriate handling of these causes are essential for secondary dyslipidemia treatment. Major secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia include an unhealthy diet, diseases and metabolic conditions affecting lipid levels, and therapeutic side effects. It is imperative to correct secondary causes prior to initiating conventional lipid-lowering therapy. Guideline-based lipid therapy can then be administered based on the subsequent lipid levels.