Objective To investigate the effect of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and cognitive dysfunction on patients with type 2 diabetes and explore the other factors that affect cognitive function.Methods 80 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected as our subjects and they were divided into cognitive impairment group (38 cases),cognitive normal group (42 cases) according to a simple mental state scale(MMSE) score.The plasma Hcy,glycosylated hemoglobin,blood lipid,uric acid,24 h urine trace albumin were measured.Results Plasma Hcy concentration in diabetic cognitive dysfunction,non cognitive impairment group and normal control group respectively were(19.56 ± 5.23),(16.21 ± 3.27),(14.67 ± 4.27) tmol/L,and there was statistically significant difference(F =3.76,P ＜0.05).The plasma Hcy levels in diabetic cognitive impairment group was higher than that non-cognitive impairment group(P ＜ 0.05) and normal control group (P ＜ 0.01),The factors impaired cognitive function in patients with other factors included age,glycosylated hemoglobin,body mass index,diabetes duration and plasma Hcy levels,and there were negative correlation with MMSE score (r =-0.336,-0.285,-0.226,-0.392,-0.312 ; all P values were less than 0.05).Conclusion Patient's age,duration of diabetes,glycosylated hemoglobin and BMI can affect cognitive function in patients.Higher Hcy levels in patients with type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for cognitive impairment.

BACKGROUND:Stem cels are induced to differentiate into endothelial-like cels that can be used for the treatment of diabetic lower extremity vascular disease. However, it is unclear whether these endothelial-like cels can completely replace endothelial cels to improve vascular disease and what are the differences between endothelial-like cels and endothelial cels. OBJECTIVE:To explore the differences and similarities between endothelial-like cels and human umbilical vein endothelial cels in the aspects of morphology, function, and viability. METHODS:Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels and umbilical vein endothelial cels were isolated, cultured and identified using flow cytometry and immunohistochemical method. Isolated umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels were induced in DMEM-LG/F12 containing 10 μg/L vascular endothelial growth factor, 10 μg/L basic
fibroblast growth factor and 2% fetal bovine serum to differentiate into endothelial-like cels folowed by immunohistochemical identification. To compare endothelial-like cels with human umbilical vein endothelial cels, cel migration detection, active substance measurement and three-dimensional angiogenesis test were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Isolated umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels strongly expressed the surface markers of mesenchymal stem cels, and human umbilical vein endothelial cels strongly expressed CD31 and VWF. After induction, the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels were identified to highly express CD31 and VWF. Through cel migration, active substance and three-dimensional angiogenesis tests, endothelial-like cels were similar to endothelial cels in the function and activity, and superior to endothelial cels. Cite this article:Hao XJ, Hao HY, Zhu MJ, Yuan Z, Li WW, Chen J, Zhu LY. Endothelial-like cels versus human umbilical vein endothelial cels. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2016;20(1):83-88.

Objective To investigate the ability of different standards on the evaluation of vascular invasion of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods The MSCT imagings of 56 cases of pancreatic carcinoma confirmed by surgery were analyzed retrospectively. The vascular invasion degrees of 5 large vessels around the pancreas were evaluated according to Loyer classification standard, Lu classification standard and the Changhai standard, the surgical result was used as the gold standard. The accuracy of different standards was evaluated, and the Kappa coefficient were calculated. Results The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Loyer classification standard were 86.79%, 86.27%, 86.90%, 59.46% and 96.60%, respectively, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.623. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Lu classification standard were 93.21%, 84.31%, 95.20%, 79.63% and 96.46%, respectively, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.777. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Changhai standard were 95.36%, 84.31%, 97.82%, 89.58% and 96.55%, respectively. The Kappa coefficient was 0.841. Conclusions The Changhai standard was feasible to evaluate the vascular invasion of pancreatic carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo determine the carrier rate for common mutations causing deafness among pregnant women in order to prevent births of deaf children.

METHODSFor 893 pregnant women, 2 mL peripheral venous blood was taken and DNA was extracted. A deafness DNA microarray screening was applied to such samples, and DNA sequencing was applied to husbands of women with positive screening results.

RESULTSA total of 40 carriers were detected, with the overall mutation rate being 4.48%. Among such carriers, GJB2 235delC was the most common heterozygous mutation (18 cases) and the mutation rate was 2.02%. GJB2 299A-T heterozygous mutation was detected in 7 cases with a mutation rate of 0.78%. IVS7-2A to G heterozygous mutation was detected in 9 cases with a mutation rate of 1.02%. There were 2 cases carrying GJB3 heterozygous mutation and 2 cases of mitochondrial 12S rRNA heterozygous mutation, with a mutation rate of 0.22%. IVS7-2A>G with GJB3 538C>T double heterozygous mutation was detected in 1 case, and IVS7-2A>G with GJB2 299A-T double heterozygous mutation was detected in another case, with the mutation rate of each being 0.11%. DNA sequencing has failed to find presence of mutations in the same gene in the husbands. The results of neonatal hearing follow-up were all normal.

CONCLUSIONApplications of the deaf genes screening in pregnant women may play prove to be valuable for the early detection for neonatal deafness.

Adult ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; Deafness ; diagnosis ; embryology ; genetics ; prevention & control ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; RNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Young Adult

Through literature search in regular database and official websites of relevant countries, this paper combs and summarizes the main characteristics of disease prevention and control systems in five countries, the United States, Germany, South Korea, Australia and Japan, and the European Union at key levels including legal construction, organizational structure, financing, personnel construction and international cooperation, in order to provide decision support for the construction of disease prevention and control system in China in the future.

Objective To explore the clinical value of preoperative Glasgow-Blatchford score(GBS)and AIMS65 score in predicting the prognosis of patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding after receiving interventional treatment.Methods The clinical data of 59 patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding,who received transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)at the Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery,Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of China between 2018 and 2021,were collected.The clinical value of GBS and AIMS65 score in predicting patient's outcome was analyzed.Results With the preoperative GBS and AIMS65 scores increasing,the mortality also increased.Compared with AIMS65 score(AUC=0.630,0.95％CI:0.494-0.752),GBS(AUC=0.823,95％CI:0.702-0.910)had a higher predictive value for postoperative in-hospital death in patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding after receiving interventional treatment.With a GBS cutoff＞9 points,the Youden index for predicting in-hospital death was 0.54.Conclusion In predicting the postoperative in-hospital death for patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding after receiving TAE,the clinical value of the preoperative GBS score is higher than that of AIMS65 score.

Through literature search in regular database and official websites of relevant countries, this paper combs and summarizes the main characteristics of disease prevention and control systems in five countries, the United States, Germany, South Korea, Australia and Japan, and the European Union at key levels including legal construction, organizational structure, financing, personnel construction and international cooperation, in order to provide decision support for the construction of disease prevention and control system in China in the future.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of high-risk HPV subtypes in different pathological types of cervical cancer, and analyze the attribution of carcinogenic HPV subtypes in different pathological types. Methods A total of 1 541 patients with cervical cancer were treated between February 2009 and October 2016 in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. The median age at diagnosis was 49 years (ranged 20-82 years old). The numbers of patients with cervical cancer from North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China and other regions (including Northwest, Southwest and South China) were 961, 244, 175, 87 and 74 cases, respectively. Pathological types: 1 337 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 87 usual adenocarcinoma (ADC), 23 adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), 20 mucinous carcinoma (MC), 19 clear cell carcinoma (CCC), 12 endometrioid carcinoma (EC), 25 neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), 9 serous carcinoma (SC), 5 villous adenocarcinoma (VADC) and 4 minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDAC). The prevalence of high-risk HPV in different regions, age groups at diagnosis and pathological types in cervical cancer were analyzed. The attribution of 13 high-risk HPV subtypes in different pathological types of cervical cancer based on proportional attribution method, and the attribution of high-risk HPV subtypes prevented by 9-valent HPV vaccine in SCC and ADC were calculated. Results (1) The prevalence of high-risk HPV in 1 541 patients with cervical cancer was 86.6% (1 335/1 541). The multiple high-risk HPV infection rate in patients with SCC ≥60 years old (23.0%, 37/161) was significantly higher than those in patients aged 45-59 years old and≤44 years old [11.4% (85/747) vs 11.7% (50/429), P<0.01], and the high-risk HPV infection rates of patients with cervical cancer in North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China and other regions were respectively 86.8% (834/961), 87.7% (214/244), 83.4% (146/175), 83.9% (73/87) and 91.9% (68/74). SCC (86.8%, 1 337/1 541) and ADC (5.6%, 87/1 541) were the most common pathological types in cervical cancer. The high-risk HPV prevalence of SCC, ADC, ASC, MC, NEC and VADC were 90.1% (1 205/1 337), 74.7% (65/87), 87.0% (20/23), 65.0% (13/20), 72.0% (18/25) and 5/5 respectively. The high-risk HPV infection rates of SC, EC, CCC and MDAC were 4/9, 3/12, 2/19 and 0/4 respectively. (2) According to proportional attribution, HPV 16 (69.5%), HPV 18 (5.6%), HPV 58 (2.2%), HPV 31 (1.9%), HPV 52 (1.4%) and HPV 33 (1.3%) were the six common high-risk HPV subtypes in SCC. While, HPV 18 (44.1%), HPV 16 (20.5%), HPV 52 (2.3%), HPV 58 (1.2%) and HPV 51 (1.2%) were the main carcinogenic subtypes in ADC. The main carcinogenic high-risk HPV subtypes of ASC, NEC and MC were HPV 18 and HPV 16. The total attribution of HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 prevented by 9-valent HPV vaccine in SCC and ADC were 82.6% and 68.1% respectively; the attribution of HPV 45 in SCC and ADC were only 0.8% and 0. Conclusions SCC and ADC are the main pathological types in cervical cancer. SCC, ADC, ASC, MC, NEC and VADC are closely related to high-risk HPV infection. HPV 16 is the main carcinogenic genotypes of SCC. HPV 18 maybe play an important role in the pathogenesis of ADC.

Objective:Based on the policy goals of family doctors′ contracted services, to build an indicator system as policy tools for policy outcomes assessment and policy delivery optimization.Methods:Through literature and policy review, an evaluation conceptual framework was built based on policy goals of family doctors′ contracted services, and an indicator system was established using Delphi method.Results:Upon consultation of 21 experts, an indicator system for policy effect assessment of the family doctors′ contracted services was established, covering both policy implementations and goal effects. This system consisted of 7 level-2 indicators and 23 level-3 indicators.Conclusions:The indicator system oriented to policy goals, ensures the pertinence of policy effect assessment to play a strong guidance on practical implementation of the family doctors′ contracted services.

Objective:To analyze the policy implementation of family doctors′ contracted services in different regions based on practices in typical regions.Methods:From April to October 2019, we conducted field investigations in 14 regions, collected data on policy formulation and implementation, organizational form and service content of contracting service, incentive mechanism and capacity development. By means of key persons′ interview, we tried to understand the background of district/county policy implementation, as well as policy delivery and existing difficulties. The measurement data were expressed by means, and the qualitative data were used to extract the key content through semantic analysis.Results:The policy of family doctors′ contracted services had been promoted from pilot exploration to normative development. 71.0% of responsible entities of the contracted services in research regions were family doctor teams. Contraction fee has begun to reflect the value of family doctors′ work, while the average contracted service fees in the eastern, central and western regions were 125, 31.25 and 42.5 yuan/person/year respectively. Comprehensive incentives and health insurance policies in some regions played a role in promoting contracted services.Conclusions:It is necessary to establish the family doctors′ " three roles" management concept, namely health gatekeeper, rights exchanger and resource coordinator; strengthen the professional training and capacity promoting of family doctors, implement the connotation of contracted service fees and economic incentives, in order to play the policy′s basic role in constructing a health-centered system.