Objective:To study the influence of prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy during hysterectomy in ovarian function of the premenopausal women with benign uterine disease and its preventive effect on the pelvic diseases(malignant /benign pelvic lesions or pelvic inflammatory disease).Methods:A total of 100 patients with benign uterine disease underwent hysterectomy were collected and divided into two groups,including 50 patients underwent simultaneous hysterectomy and prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy (prevention group) and 50 patients underwent only hysterectomy (control group).The operative time,blood loss,evacuation time,and hospitalization time of the patients in two groups were detected;the antral follicle count,levels of serum estradiol(E2),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormone(LH)) and the incidence of perimenopausal symptoms of the patients in two groups before operation and six months,1 year after operation were compared;the incidence of pelvic disease of the patients after operation were compared.Results:The operative time,blood loss,evacuation time,and hospitalization time of the patients between two groups were not significantly different(P>0.05).Compared with before operation,the antral follicle count and the E2 levels of the patients 6 months and 1 year after operation in two groups were decreased,and the FSH and LH levels of the patients were inc reased (P<0.01).There were no significant differences in the levels of FSH,LH,E2 and the antral follicle count of the patients between two groups 6 months and 1 year after operation(P>0.05).The incidence of perimenopausal symptoms of the patients in two groups 6 months and 1 year after operation showed no significant difference(P>0.05).The incidence of ovarian malignant tumor and ovarian benign tumor of the patients in two groups 6 months and 1 year after operation had no significantly differences (P>0.05).The incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease of the patients in control group was higher than that in prevention group(P<0.05).There were 2 patients diagnosed as tubal carcinoma in control group 1 year after operation,and the pathological findings showed the atypical cells in 2 patients in prevention group.Conclusion:Prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy during hysterectomy does not damage the ovarian function and can reduce the incidence of pelvic malignant/ benign tumor and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Objective:To study the influence of metformin and paclitaxel in the proliferation and apoptosis of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells in vitro, and to clarify the synergistic effect of metformin and paclitaxel. Methods:The ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells were divided into blank control group, different concentrations (0.01, 0.50, 1.00, 5.00, 10.00mmol·L-1) of metformin groups and combined treatment groups(metformin combined with paclitaxel with different concentrations).The inhibitory rates of proliferation of SKOV3 cells after treated with different concentrations of metformin were detected by MTT method.The apoptotic rates of SKOV3 cells after treated with different concentrations of metformin were measured by flow cytometry.The inhibitory rates of proliferation of SKOV3 cells after treated with metformin and paclitaxel were determined by MTT method.Results:The MTT results showed that the inhibitory rates of proliferation of SKOV3 cells in different concentrations of metformin groups were increased in concentration-and timedependent manner;there were significant differences compared with blank control group (P<0.05).The flow cytometry results showed that the apoptotic rates of SKOV3 cells in different concentrations of metformin groups were increased;compared with control group, with the increasing of concentrations of metformin, the apoptotic rates of SKOV3 cells in experimental groups 48 h after treatment were increased significantly (P<0.05);the percentages of SKOV3 cells in G0/G1 phase were decreased with the increasing of metformin concentrations(P<0.05) and the percentages of SKOV3 cells in G2/M phase were increased(P<0.05).The MTT results showed that the inhibitory rate of proliferation of SKOV3 cells in 1.00 mmol·L-1 metformin+paclitaxel group was higher than that in 0.50 mmol·L-1 metformin+paclitaxel group was higher than that in 0.50 mmol·L-1 metformin+paclitaxel group(P<0.05),and the inhibitory rates of proliferation of SKOV3 cells in combined treatment groups were higher than those in paclitaxel alone groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Metformin inhibits the proliferation of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells through the induction of apoptosis.Metformin can enhance the cell proliferation inhibition of paclitaxel on ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells.The combination of metformin and paclitaxel has a synergistic reaction on SKOV3 cells.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the etiological factors,diagnosis and therapy of postmenopausal pyometra.METHODS The 8 cases of postmenopausal pyometra who hospitalized at China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS Postmenopausal pyometra was related with senile vaginitis,endometritis,not taking out of IUD after menopause promptly and endometrial cancer.There were 3 patients complicated with uterine perforation and 1 patient complicated with septic shock.4 patients had intrauterine dropsy with ultrasonic inspection.5 patients were cured with draining in cavitary uteri,and 3 patients were cured with operation.CONCLUSIONS The courses of postmenopausal pyometra are slow moving,with no evident clinical symptoms,which is easy to be misdiagnoed.Some have severe complications.We should prevent the disease aimed at carly diagnosis and therapy.

Objective To analyze the expressions of osteopontin (OPN)and chemokine (CXC-subfamily)receptor 4 (CXCR4)in different ovarian tissues,and to explore the role of OPN and CXCR4 in occurrence,development and metastasis of human ovarian cancer.Methods The expressions of OPN and CXCR4 in normal ovarian tissue (n=20),benign ovarian epithelial tumor (n=20)and epithelial ovarian cancers tissues (n=40)were detected by immunohistochemical SP method,and the expression rates of OPN and CXCR4 in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue with different clinical characteristics were analyzed.Results The positive expressions rate of OPN in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue was significantly higher than those in normal ovarian tissue and benign ovarian tumor tissue, and there were significant differences in the positive expression rates of OPN between different pathological stages (G1 ,G2 ,G3 )of epithelial ovarian cancer (P <0.05).Meanwhile,the positive expression rate of OPN in Ⅲ-Ⅳepithelial ovarian cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in Ⅰ-Ⅱ epithelial ovarian cancer tissue (P <0.05). However,there were no significant differences of the positive expression rates of OPN among different histological types of epithelial ovarian cancer tissue (P >0.05).There was no positive expression of CXCR4 protein in normal ovarian tissue and benign ovarian tumor tissues , but there was positive expression in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue.Besides,the expressions of CXCR4 protein were not significantly different among different pathological grades,different clinical stages and different histological types (P > 0.05).Conclusion The OPN and CXCR4 expression levels are correlated with the degrees of malignancy in epithelial ovarian tumor,therefore the CXCR4 and OPN expression pathways may be the new targets for ovarian cancer therapy.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to introduce the mechanism and clinical application of muscular atrophy that is a hotspot in the 65th Annual Meeting of American College of Sports Medicine and the 9th World Conference on Exercise Is Medicine and the World Conference of Basic Science of Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the frontiers and hotspots of research findings on muscular atrophy, in order to provide new ideas for further research of exercise improving muscle function and the mechanism and application in this field, and provide a reference for the study on sports science, sports medicine, and sports rehabilitation in China. METHODS: Related reports and cutting-edge research findings in 65th Annual Meeting of American College of Sports Medicine were collected. Meanwhile, PubMed database between January 1993 and August 2018 was retrieved. The keywords were "skeletal muscle, muscle atrophy, movement and muscle, resistance movement". Thirty-five articles related to the molecular mechanism and clinical application of muscle atrophy were included for analysis and discussion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The World Congress is a unique opportunity to bring together interdisciplinary investigators for the most comprehensive meeting ever held on this topic. The program will include a keynote lecture, tutorials, and symposia from leading experts. The meeting focused on the intrinsic and extrinsic variables that regulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy. How exercise brings about skeletal muscle atrophy and its application in clinical problems such as aging, disease, injury, chronic diseases, and how these changes may relate to chronic disease were discussed as well. The research on muscle hypertrophy is mostly concentrated in the field of competitive sports.

Objective To investigate the effects of the genetic polymorphisms in osteoporosis-related genes and the gene-gene interaction on bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporotic fractures.Methods Thirty-nine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in 23 genes that related to bone mineral density ( BMD ) and osteoporotic fractures were scanned in 683 Shanghai Han postmenopausal women.TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay or Sequenom Mass ARRAY System were applied for genotyping analysis.The relation of these SNP sites with BMD and osteoporotic fractures were analyzed.Results Altogether,12 SNPs in 9 candidate genes ( rs7524102 and rs6696981 in ZBTB40 gene,rs9479055 in ESR1 gene,rs6993813,rs6469804,and rs11995824 in OPG gene,rs3736228 in LRP5 gene,rs1107748 in SOST gene,rs87938 in CTNNB1 gene,rs1366594 in MEF2C gene,rs7117858 in SOX6 gene,and rs10048146 in FOXL1 gene) were associated with BMD at lumbar spine(L1-L4) or total hip.In addition,rs11898505 in SPTBN1 gene was related to osteoporotic fractures ( OR 0.522,95％ CI 0.326-0.838,P =0.007 ).Gene-gene interaction involving rs1038304 in ESR1 gene,rs1366594 in MEF2C gene,and rs10048146 in FOXL1 gene was associated with osteoporotic fractures ( P =0.010 7 ).Conclusions ( 1 ) SNPs in gene ZBTB40,ESR1,OPG,LRP5,SOST,CTNNB1,MEF2C,SOX6,FOXL1,and SPTBN1 are associated with BMD of lumbar spine or total hip,as well as osteoporotic fractures.(2) Gene-gene interaction involving rs1038304,rs1366594,and rs10048146may contribute to the risk of osteoporotic fractures.

Objective:To observe the inhibitory effect of metformin on the inflammatory response of Kupffer cells (KCs) of liver in the diabetic mice, and to explore its improvement on the phagocytic function of KCs, and to elucidate the protective mechanism of metformin on the KCs in the diabetic mice.Methods:The C57BLKS/J db/db mice were divided into diabetes group and diabetes+metformin group, and the C57BLKS/J db/m mice were divided into non-diabetes group and non-diabetes+metformin group, 8mice in each group.The KCs were cultured in vitro and the changes of ultrastrustures of KCs were observed by transmission electron microscope.The levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) , tumor necrosis factorα (TNF-α) andγ-interferon (INF-γ) in the KCs were detected by ELISA.The expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) protein in the KCs was detected by Western blotting method.Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the neutrophil chemotaxis ability of the KCs, and the phagocytic ability of KCs was observed under inverted microscope.Results:The number of mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in the KCs of the diabetic mice was reduced, the RER expanded, the mitochondria swelled, and the lipid droplets were increased.Compared with non-diabetes group, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γand the expression level of ICAM-1in the KCs of the mice in diabetes group were significantly increased (P＜0.05) ;the neutrophil chemotaxis ability of the KCs was enhanced (P＜0.05) , and the phagocytic ability was decreased (P＜0.05) .Compared with diabetes group, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γand the expression level of ICAM-1in the KCs in diabetes+metformin group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) ;the neutrophil chemotaxis ability was decreased (P＜0.05) , and the phagocytic ability was enhanced (P＜0.05) .Conclusion:Metformin can inhibit the inflammatory response of KCs in the diabetic mice and improve its phagocytic function and protect the KCs.

To analyze the correlation between transcutaneous oxygen pressure (PtcO2) and blood lactate in patients with septic shock. Fifty-sixpatients with septic shock were prospectively investigated. PtcO2 was monitored continuously for 6 hours, and arterial blood gas was measured at baseline (T0) and 6 hours (T6). Records of PtcO2, were analyzed for the correlation with lactate level and lactate clearance rate. PtcO2 valuesin the high lactate clearance group and the low one were compared.The lowest value of PtcO2 at T6 and duration of PtcO2<40 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) were both correlated with lactate level and lactate clearance rateat T6. The low predictive value of PtcO2 was 29 mmHg of lactate clearance under 20％with a sensitivity 85.2％and a specificity 65.5％. The low predictive value of PtcO2 in high lactate clearance group was significantly higher than that in low lactate clearance group, while the duration of PtcO2<40 mmHg was shorter than the latter. During 6 h continuous monitoring, patients with a significant low PtcO2 or prolonged duration of low PtcO2 have relatively high lactate or low lactate clearance after resuscitation.

This review summarizes dietary characteristics of patients with psoriasis, discusses effects of gluten-free diet, Mediterranean diet and dietary intervention-induced weight loss on psoriasis, and analyzes the efficacy of dietary supplements in the treatment of psoriasis, such as fish oil, vitamin D, vitamin B12, selenium, and probiotics.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of pulmonary function and pathological changes in rats with acute lung injury (ALI) and provide experimental basis for further study on the mechanism of ALI.Methods Twenty five male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (n =5) and acute lung injury (ALI) group (n =20).Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (4.5 mg/kg) were injected into the ALI group rats to establish the ALI rat model.The rats in control group were given 150 μl isotonic saline.At 12,24,48,and 72 hours after injury,lung function of the rats were tested by Buxco small animal lung function test system,including the dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn),forced vital capacity (FVC),functional residual gas (FRC),quasi static compliance (Cchord),100th millisecond expiratory volume (FEV100),and airway resistance (RI).In addition,the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for detection of protein level and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha)concentration.At the same time,the changes of lung tissues were recorded,and the pathological changes were observed by HE staining.Results Compared with the control group,Cdyn,FVC,FRC,and FEV100 in ALI group were significantly decreased at each time point after injury (P ＜0.05 or ＜0.01),while the airway resistance (R1) in ALI group was significantly increased at 24 and 48 hours after injury (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in quasi static compliance (Cchord) between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The protein level and TNF-alpha concentration of BALF in ALI group were increased significantly (P ＜0.05 or ＜0.01) 12-72 hours after injury (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group,the whole lung was dark red in ALI group 12 hours after injury,and the most serious bleeding occurred in the pulmonary hilum area with single or multiple hemorrhagic foci of different sizes.Multiple punctate and focal bleeding of different sizes were seen on the lung surface,which were radially distributed around the pulmonary hilum.The color of lung tissue was gradually restored to normal at 72 hours after injury.Under the light microscope,pulmonary interstitial edema,inflammatory cell infiltration,pulmonary vascular congestion and focal pulmonary hemorrhage were observed 12 h after injury,showing typical ALl pathological changes.The pathological changes were the most significant at 24 hours and reduced obviously at 72 hours.Conclusions A single intratracheal injection of LPS can induce typical ALI pathological changes.There is a similar trend between the pulmonary function indexes,lung pathology characteristics,and the protein level of BALF and proinflammatory cytokine level,suggesting that the pulmonary function test parameters can provide reference for evaluation of ALI.