Background: Evaluating the activities of daily living (ADL) is an important factor for diagnosing dementia. The Everyday Cognition (ECog) scale was developed to measure ADL changes that were correlated with specific neuropsychological impairments. A short form of the ECog (ECog-12) was also developed, consisting of 12 items, two from each of the six cognitive domains of the ECog. The Korean full version of ECog (K-ECog) has recently been standardized, but the need for a shortened version has been raised in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of ECog-12 (K-ECog-12) and to verify its reliability and validity by comparing those to the full version of K-ECog. Methods: The participants were 267 cognitively normal older adults (CN), 183 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 89 patients with dementia. The Korean-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Korean-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), and Short form of Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS) were administered to all participants. The K-ECog and Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL) were rated by the informants of patients. Results: K-ECog-12 was newly constructed by replacing one item for the visuospatial function in the original ECog-12 with another one through an item response theory analysis on Korean data. The internal consistencies (Cronbach’s α) of K-ECog-12 and K-ECog were 0.95 and 0.99, respectively. The test–retest reliabilities (Pearson’s r) were 0.67 for K-ECog-12 and 0.73 for K-ECog. The K-ECog-12 was significantly correlated with K-ECog as well as K-IADL, K-MMSE, and K-MoCA. The K-ECog-12 scores differed significantly between the CN, MCI, and dementia groups, as did the K-ECog scores. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that K-ECog-12, like K-ECog, could differentiate MCI and dementia patients from CN as well. Conclusion The K-ECog-12 is as reliable and valid as the K-ECog in assessing ADL.Therefore, K-ECog-12 can be used as an alternative to the K-ECog in clinical and community settings in Korea.

BACKGROUND: In the Korean Red Cross Blood Center, ABO blood typing are routinely performed only via red cell grouping at blood donations sites. However, when an error occurs in this process, it is impossible to issue a blood product contrary to the result of the blood type of the Blood Laboratory Center, thereby resulting in delayed supply. Therefore, efforts are needed to reduce typing errors at blood donation sites. METHODS: We analyzed 656,786 donor screenings between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016;we also analyzed the statistical data of donor ABO typing between 2013 and 2015. To reduce ABO typing error, we notified and trained nurses at Busan, Gyeongnam, Ulsan, and Daegu-Gyeongbuk Blood centers in June, 2016. We tried to confirm the improvement of ABO typing error at blood donation sites by comparing ABO typing before and after training. For data comparison, chi-square test was conducted (95% confidence interval, 0.05 significant level). RESULTS: The blood typing error rate was significantly lower (P=0.003) four months after training (0.005%) than before training (0.015%), and the blood typing error rate was significantly higher for the first blood donor (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Educational training for nurses at blood donation sites may be effective in reducing ABO typing error. Continuous and regular training seems to be needed in future to reduce ABO typing error.
Blood Donors* ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching* ; Busan ; Donor Selection ; Humans ; Red Cross ; Tissue Donors ; Ulsan

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to translate Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) and the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) into Korean and test the validity and reliability of the instruments. Methods: Korean version of DUREL and DSES were translated and back-translated by 6 bilingual experts and group discussions. Data analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 22.0. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted with two data sets of secondary analysis study to examine the factor structure and construct validity. Correlations with other variables were used to test validity and reliability. Results: For K-DUREL, the final evaluation yielded two factors with 5 items: intrinsic religiosity and institutional religious activity. K-DSES had two factors with 16 items: transpersonal spiritual experience, and interpersonal & environmental spiritual experience. Cronbach’s ⍺ of K-DUREL and K-DSES were .67 and .96, respectively. Both instruments showed good reliability and validity for the translated Korean versions. Conclusion Applying K-DUREL and K-DSES in theory-based research may contribute to knowledge about the religious activity and spiritual experiences in the health and well-being of a Korean. Also, two instruments have the potential to measure changes in religion and spirituality after spiritual or holistic nursing interventions.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether aberrant tendency of noncurrent emotion was present in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis and to explore its associations with various clinical profiles. METHODS: Fifty-seven individuals at UHR and 49 normal controls were enrolled. The tendency of experiencing noncurrent emotion was assessed using various noncurrent emotional self-reported formats, including trait [Neuroticism and Extraversion of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire], hypothetical (Chapman’s Revised Physical and Social Anhedonia Scales), and retrospective [Anhedonia-Asociality Subscale of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)] measures. Self-related beliefs (Self-Perception Scale), clinical positive and negative symptoms (SA Positive Symptoms and SANS), psychosocial function (Global Functioning Scale: Role Function and Global Functioning Scale: Social Function) were also examined. RESULTS: Subjects at UHR for psychosis reported more trait unpleasant and less trait pleasant emotions, more hypothetical physical and social anhedonia, and more retrospective anhedonia than normal controls. In UHR, self-perception was correlated to trait unpleasant emotion and hypothetical physical and social anhedonia. Negative symptoms in UHR were associated with hypothetical physical anhedonia and retrospective anhedonia. Global social functioning was related to trait pleasant emotion, hypothetical physical and social anhedonia, and retrospective anhedonia. Neurocognitive function, positive symptoms, and global role functioning were not related with any noncurrent emotional experience measures in UHR. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the aberrant tendency of noncurrent emotional experience may be present at the ‘putative’ prodromal phase and are grossly associated with self-related beliefs and psychosocial functioning but not neurocognitive functioning.
Anhedonia ; Extraversion (Psychology) ; Psychotic Disorders* ; Retrospective Studies ; Self Concept

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to translate Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) and the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) into Korean and test the validity and reliability of the instruments. Methods: Korean version of DUREL and DSES were translated and back-translated by 6 bilingual experts and group discussions. Data analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 22.0. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted with two data sets of secondary analysis study to examine the factor structure and construct validity. Correlations with other variables were used to test validity and reliability. Results: For K-DUREL, the final evaluation yielded two factors with 5 items: intrinsic religiosity and institutional religious activity. K-DSES had two factors with 16 items: transpersonal spiritual experience, and interpersonal & environmental spiritual experience. Cronbach’s ⍺ of K-DUREL and K-DSES were .67 and .96, respectively. Both instruments showed good reliability and validity for the translated Korean versions. Conclusion Applying K-DUREL and K-DSES in theory-based research may contribute to knowledge about the religious activity and spiritual experiences in the health and well-being of a Korean. Also, two instruments have the potential to measure changes in religion and spirituality after spiritual or holistic nursing interventions.

A 39-year-old nulliparous woman experienced continuous mild fever and abdominal pain since undergoing laparoscopic ovarian dermoid cystectomy 3 months previously in a local hospital. Abdominal computed tomography revealed diffuse heterogeneous fat infiltrations with numerous micronodules in the greater and lesser omentum, combined with ascites with thickening of the parietal peritoneum. The patient underwent exploratory laparoscopy, which included partial pelvic peritonectomy, excision of granulomas, and adhesiolysis with massive irrigation. The patient was treated successfully with laparoscopic surgery and all reproductive structures were spared without operative complications. To avoid peritonitis, complete removal of cyst contents and massive irrigation should be performed during ovarian dermoid cystectomy. Conservative surgical treatment may be a good choice for treating granulomatous peritonitis induced by iatrogenic rupture.

A 39-year-old nulliparous woman experienced continuous mild fever and abdominal pain since undergoing laparoscopic ovarian dermoid cystectomy 3 months previously in a local hospital. Abdominal computed tomography revealed diffuse heterogeneous fat infiltrations with numerous micronodules in the greater and lesser omentum, combined with ascites with thickening of the parietal peritoneum. The patient underwent exploratory laparoscopy, which included partial pelvic peritonectomy, excision of granulomas, and adhesiolysis with massive irrigation. The patient was treated successfully with laparoscopic surgery and all reproductive structures were spared without operative complications. To avoid peritonitis, complete removal of cyst contents and massive irrigation should be performed during ovarian dermoid cystectomy. Conservative surgical treatment may be a good choice for treating granulomatous peritonitis induced by iatrogenic rupture.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Obstructive sleep apnea is becoming more important in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients. This study investigated the prevalence of high risk for obstructive sleep apnea in GERD patients in comparison with that in healthy controls using the Berlin Questionnaire. We also investigated the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in GERD patients. METHODS: We enrolled 1,007 subjects: 776 healthy controls, 115 individuals with erosive reflux disease, and 116 with non-erosive reflux disease. GERD was diagnosed and classified using endoscopy and a reflux questionnaire. The Berlin Questionnaire was used to evaluate obstructive sleep apnea. RESULTS: More patients in the GERD group (28.2%) had higher risk for obstructive sleep apnea than healthy controls (20.4%, P = 0.036). More patients with non-erosive disease (32.8%) had higher risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) than patients with erosive disease (20.9%) and controls (20.4%, P = 0.010). On multivariate analysis, non-erosive disease was a high risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (odds ratio [OR], 1.82; P = 0.011). Age > or = 55 years (OR, 1.83; P < 0.001) and a high body mass index (> or = 25 kg/m2) (OR, 2.76; P < 0.001) were also identified as risk factors. Nocturnal GERD was related to high risk for OSA in non-erosive disease patients (OR, 2.97; P = 0.019), but not in erosive disease patients. CONCLUSIONS: High risk for OSA is more prevalent in GERD patients than in controls. Non-erosive reflux disease, age > or = 55, and a high BMI are associated with high risk for OSA.
Berlin ; Body Mass Index ; Endoscopy ; Esophagitis ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive*

Some information was missing in the original version of this article.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent advances in information technology have created opportunities for advances in the management of stroke. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of using a smartphone software application (app) for the management of vascular risk factors in patients with stroke. METHODS: This prospective clinical trial developed a smartphone app, the 'Korea University Health Monitoring System for Stroke: KUHMS2,' for use by patients with stroke. During a 6-month follow-up period, its feasibility was assessed by measuring the changes in their vascular risk-factor profiles and the number of days per patient with data registration into the app. The effect of the app on the achievement rate of risk-factor targets was assessed by classifying subjects into compliant and noncompliant groups. RESULTS: At the end of the trial, data on 48 patients were analyzed. The number of days on which data were registered into the app was 60.42+/-50.17 (mean+/-standard deviation). Among predefined vascular risk factors, the target achievement rate for blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) improved significantly from baseline to the final measurement. The serial changes in achievement rates for risk-factor targets did not differ between the compliant and noncompliant groups. CONCLUSIONS: Many challenges must be overcome before mobile apps can be used for patients with stroke. Nevertheless, the app tested in this study induced a shift in the risk profiles in a favorable direction among the included stroke patients.
Blood Pressure ; Delivery of Health Care ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Mobile Applications* ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Stroke ; Smartphone