BACKGROUND: We compared health behaviors, including current smoking, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, obesity, and abdominal obesity, among Korean cancer survivors with and without family history of cancer. METHODS: This study included 5,247 cancer survivors with family history of cancer (1,894 with and 3,353 without), who were recruited from the Health Examinee cohort. Health behaviors were identified using questionnaire. Adjusted ORs (aORs) between health behaviors and family history of cancer were estimated by multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for sociodemographic factors. All analyses were conducted separately according to sex. RESULTS: Prevalence of current smoking, alcohol drinking, no regular exercise, obesity, and abdominal obesity was 16.3%, 48.3%, 36.0%, 31.3%, and 42.3% in male cancer survivors and 1.7%, 20.6%, 43.8%, 28.5%, and 72.5% in female, respectively. Health behaviors in male cancer survivors with and without family history of cancer were not significantly different after being adjusted for other covariates (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.75–1.44 for current smoking; aOR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.76–1.22 for current drinking; aOR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.66–1.10 for regular exercise; aOR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.73–1.25 for obesity; aOR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.75–1.25 for abdominal obesity). In female cancer survivors, there were no significant differences in health behaviors according to family history of cancer (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.44–1.32; aOR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.94–1.31; aOR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.87–1.14; aOR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.85–1.16; aOR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.80–1.10, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We identified no significant differences in health behaviors according to family history of cancer in cancer survivors. More studies should be conducted to identify correlations between family history of cancer and prognosis in cancer survivors.
Alcohol Drinking ; Cohort Studies ; Drinking ; Epidemiology* ; Female ; Genome* ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Survivors*

South Korea has the highest reported suicide rate among all countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless and nontoxic gas. Nitrogen gas has, however, been recently used as a method of attempted suicide, its nontoxity notwithstanding. We herein report on an unusual case involving a 30-year-old male who presented with symptoms after a suicide attempt by nitrogen inhalation. Diffusion-weighted imaging of his brain was showed curvilinear high signal intensity in the bilateral frontal and right occipital cortices, with subtle low apparent diffusion coefficient value. In addition, T2-weighted images and fluid attenuated inversion recovery images revealed subtle high signal intensity in the bilateral frontal cortices, basal ganglia and occipital cortices with contrast enhancement.
Adult ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain* ; Diffusion ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Methods ; Nitrogen* ; Occipital Lobe ; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ; Suicide* ; Suicide, Attempted

In Korea, tuberculosis is still common disease. Central nervous system tuberculosis can manifest in a variety of forms, including tuberculous meningitis, tuberculous cerebritis, tuberculoma, tuberculous abscess, and miliary tuberculosis. Although intra-axial tuberculomas are the more common type of CNS tuberculosis, extra-axial lesions are rarely encountered. En plaque tuberculoma is an extremely rare presentation of intracranial tuberculosis with mimicking primary or secondary meningeal neoplasia. We describe a rare case of an en plaque tuberculoma accompanied by tuberculous meningitis and tuberculomas.
Abscess ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tuberculoma* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal ; Tuberculosis, Miliary

Objectives: ZZThe aim was to find effective vectorization and classification models to predict a psychiatric diagnosis from text-basedmedical records. Methods: ZZElectronic medical records (n = 494) of present illness were collected retrospectively in inpatient admission notes withthree diagnoses of major depressive disorder, type 1 bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Data were split into 400 training data and 94 independentvalidation data. Data were vectorized by two different models such as term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF)and Doc2vec. Machine learning models for classification including stochastic gradient descent, logistic regression, support vectorclassification, and deep learning (DL) were applied to predict three psychiatric diagnoses. Five-fold cross-validation was used to find aneffective model. Metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were measured for comparison between the models. Results: ZZFive-fold cross-validation in training data showed DL model with Doc2vec was the most effective model to predict the diagnosis(accuracy = 0.87, F1-score = 0.87). However, these metrics have been reduced in independent test data set with final workingDL models (accuracy = 0.79, F1-score = 0.79), while the model of logistic regression and support vector machine with Doc2vec showedslightly better performance (accuracy = 0.80, F1-score = 0.80) than the DL models with Doc2vec and others with TF-IDF. Conclusions ZZThe current results suggest that the vectorization may have more impact on the performance of classification thanthe machine learning model. However, data set had a number of limitations including small sample size, imbalance among the category,and its generalizability. With this regard, the need for research with multi-sites and large samples is suggested to improve the machinelearning models.

Objectives: ZZThe aim was to find effective vectorization and classification models to predict a psychiatric diagnosis from text-basedmedical records. Methods: ZZElectronic medical records (n = 494) of present illness were collected retrospectively in inpatient admission notes withthree diagnoses of major depressive disorder, type 1 bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Data were split into 400 training data and 94 independentvalidation data. Data were vectorized by two different models such as term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF)and Doc2vec. Machine learning models for classification including stochastic gradient descent, logistic regression, support vectorclassification, and deep learning (DL) were applied to predict three psychiatric diagnoses. Five-fold cross-validation was used to find aneffective model. Metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were measured for comparison between the models. Results: ZZFive-fold cross-validation in training data showed DL model with Doc2vec was the most effective model to predict the diagnosis(accuracy = 0.87, F1-score = 0.87). However, these metrics have been reduced in independent test data set with final workingDL models (accuracy = 0.79, F1-score = 0.79), while the model of logistic regression and support vector machine with Doc2vec showedslightly better performance (accuracy = 0.80, F1-score = 0.80) than the DL models with Doc2vec and others with TF-IDF. Conclusions ZZThe current results suggest that the vectorization may have more impact on the performance of classification thanthe machine learning model. However, data set had a number of limitations including small sample size, imbalance among the category,and its generalizability. With this regard, the need for research with multi-sites and large samples is suggested to improve the machinelearning models.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An increase in intracellular calcium concentration due to loss of Ca2+ homeostasis triggers arrhythmia or cardiac cell death in the heart. Paracrine factors released from stem cells have beneficial cardioprotective effects. However, the mechanism of modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis by paracrine factors in ischemic myocardium remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We isolated rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and prepared paracrine media (PM) from MSCs under hypoxic or normoxic conditions (hypoxic PM and normoxic PM). We induced rat myocardial infarction by left anterior descending ligation for 1 hour, and treated PM into the border region of infarcted myocardium (n=6/group) to identify the alteration in calcium-regulated proteins. We isolated and stained the heart tissue with specific calcium-related antibodies after 11 days. RESULTS: The hypoxic PM treatment increased Ca2+-related proteins such as L-type Ca2+ channel, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, Na+/K+ ATPase, and calmodulin, whereas the normoxic PM treatment increased those proteins only slightly. The sodium-calcium exchanger was significantly reduced by hypoxic PM treatment, compared to moderate suppression by the normoxic PM treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that hypoxic PM was significantly associated with the positive regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in infarcted myocardium.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Calcium ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; Calmodulin ; Cell Death ; Heart ; Homeostasis ; Ligation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardium* ; Paracrine Communication ; Rats* ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger ; Stem Cells

PURPOSE: Comorbidities have been considered a mortality risk factor in pediatric critical care patients. We studied the characteristics and prognostic factors of children without comorbidities who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to respiratory failure. METHODS: We reviewed the medical charts of patients (< 18 years) admitted to the ICU for respiratory support in a single tertiary center between January 2006 and December 2016. Patients with comorbidities and perioperative statuses were excluded. RESULTS: Of the 4,712 ICU patients, 73 (1.5%) were included in this study. The median age was 31 months (8–57) and 51 (69.9%) were boys. Twenty-nine patients (39.7%) presented with pneumonia, 14 (19.2%) with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and 11 (15.1%) with obstructive airway disease. The median duration of ICU hospitalization was 5 days (2–14.5), and 45 of the 73 patients (61.6%) needed mechanical ventilation. Mortality was 13.7% (10/73). None of the patients with pneumonia or obstructive airway disease died. The most frequent cause of death was ARDS (5 of 10, 50%). In adjusted analysis, the extent of extrapulmonary organ dysfunction was significantly associated with mortality (odds ratio, 2.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–7.11; P=0.023). CONCLUSION: The mortality rate of previously healthy pediatric patients needing respiratory support in the ICU should not be negligible. Multiple organ dysfunctions might be a significant risk factor for mortality in such patients.
Cause of Death ; Child* ; Comorbidity ; Critical Care* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: An association between dietary patterns and mental health in children has been suggested in a series of studies, yet detailed analyses of dietary patterns and their effects on ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are limited. METHODS: We included 4569 children who had dietary intake data as part of the CHEER (Children's Health and Environmental Research) study conducted nationwide from 2005 to 2010. We assessed ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) by the DuPaul's ADHD Rating Scales and dietary intake by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using intake data, we constructed five dietary patterns: “Plant foods & fish,” “Sweets,” “Meat & fish,” “Fruits & dairy products,” and “Wheat based.” RESULTS: The overall proportion of ADHD was 12.3%. Boys (17.8%) showed a higher rate of ADHD than girls (6.5%). The total intake of calories (85 kcal) and plant fat (2g) in the ADHD group was significantly higher than that of the normal group. ADHD was significantly negatively associated with dietary habits such as having breakfast and meal frequency, and positively associated with eating speed, unbalanced diet, overeating, and rice consumption. Regarding dietary patterns, the “Sweets” category was relevant to high ADHD risk (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.15 for Q5 vs. Q1) in a linear relationship. An inverse, non-linear association was found between “Fruits & dairy products” and ADHD (OR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.76 for Q4 vs. Q1). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms both positive and negative associations between diet and ADHD in elementary school age children. Moreover, linear or nonlinear associations between diet and ADHD draw attention to the possible threshold role of nutrients. Further studies may consider characteristics of diet in more detail to develop better intervention or management in terms of diet and health.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Breakfast ; Child ; Diet ; Eating ; Female ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Meals ; Mental Health ; Plants ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: An association between dietary patterns and mental health in children has been suggested in a series of studies, yet detailed analyses of dietary patterns and their effects on ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are limited. METHODS: We included 4569 children who had dietary intake data as part of the CHEER (Children's Health and Environmental Research) study conducted nationwide from 2005 to 2010. We assessed ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) by the DuPaul's ADHD Rating Scales and dietary intake by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using intake data, we constructed five dietary patterns: “Plant foods & fish,” “Sweets,” “Meat & fish,” “Fruits & dairy products,” and “Wheat based.” RESULTS: The overall proportion of ADHD was 12.3%. Boys (17.8%) showed a higher rate of ADHD than girls (6.5%). The total intake of calories (85 kcal) and plant fat (2g) in the ADHD group was significantly higher than that of the normal group. ADHD was significantly negatively associated with dietary habits such as having breakfast and meal frequency, and positively associated with eating speed, unbalanced diet, overeating, and rice consumption. Regarding dietary patterns, the “Sweets” category was relevant to high ADHD risk (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.15 for Q5 vs. Q1) in a linear relationship. An inverse, non-linear association was found between “Fruits & dairy products” and ADHD (OR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.76 for Q4 vs. Q1). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms both positive and negative associations between diet and ADHD in elementary school age children. Moreover, linear or nonlinear associations between diet and ADHD draw attention to the possible threshold role of nutrients. Further studies may consider characteristics of diet in more detail to develop better intervention or management in terms of diet and health.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Breakfast ; Child ; Diet ; Eating ; Female ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Meals ; Mental Health ; Plants ; Weights and Measures

Purpose: Despite enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and/or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I or II often experience significant growth deficiencies. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) treatment in children diagnosed with MPS I or II. Materials and Methods: A total of nine pediatric patients—four with MPS I and five with MPS II—underwent treatment with ERT and hGH at Samsung Medical Center. Results: The mean hGH dose administered was 0.26±0.03 mg/kg/week. In the MPS I group, three patients showed an increase in height Z-score from –4.09±0.83 to –3.68±0.43 after 1 year of hGH treatment, and to –3.10±0.72 by the end of the hGH regimen. In the MPS II group, while the height Z-score of four patients decreased according to standard growth charts, it improved from 1.61±1.79 to 2.71±1.68 based on the disease-specific growth chart through hGH treatment. Two patients discontinued hGH treatment due to lack of efficacy after 22 and 6 months each of treatment, respectively. No new-onset neurological symptoms or necessity for prosthetic or orthopedic surgery were reported during hGH treatment. Conclusion This study provides insights into the impact of hGH on MPS patients, demonstrating its potential to reverse growth deceleration in some cases. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of hGH on changes in body composition, muscle strength, and bone health in this population.