Obesity that caused by high-fat diet, heredity, drinking, or lack of exercise is related to metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and it becomes a serious social problem. Although obesity shows low-grade chronic inflammation which induces from immune response in adipose tissue, relation between inflammation and pathogenesis of obesity has not been incompletely understood. Therefore, study for immune response in obesity is essential to design effective therapeutic strategy.
Adipose Tissue ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diet, High-Fat ; Drinking ; Heredity ; Inflammation* ; Insulin Resistance ; Obesity* ; Social Problems

The skin functions as a physical barrier against entry of pathogens while concomitantly supporting a myriad of commensal organisms. The characterization of these microbial communities has enhanced our knowledge of the ecology of organisms present in normal skin, and studies have begun to illuminate the intimate relationship between the host and resident microbes. The cutaneous innate and adaptive immune responses can modulate skin microbiota, while simultaneously, the microbiota educates the host immune system. A crucial element of the innate immune response is mast cells, which reside strategically in tissues that are commonly exposed to the external environment, such as the skin and mucosae. Mast cells are present on the frontline of defense against pathogens, suggesting they may play an important role in fostering the host-microbiota relationship. In this review, we highlight findings regarding the interaction between skin microbiota and mast cells and the resulting outcomes in skin homeostasis.
Architectural Accessibility ; Ecology ; Foster Home Care ; Homeostasis ; Immune System ; Immunity, Innate ; Mast Cells* ; Microbiota* ; Mucous Membrane ; Skin*

The skin functions as a physical barrier against entry of pathogens while concomitantly supporting a myriad of commensal organisms. The characterization of these microbial communities has enhanced our knowledge of the ecology of organisms present in normal skin, and studies have begun to illuminate the intimate relationship between the host and resident microbes. The cutaneous innate and adaptive immune responses can modulate skin microbiota, while simultaneously, the microbiota educates the host immune system. A crucial element of the innate immune response is mast cells, which reside strategically in tissues that are commonly exposed to the external environment, such as the skin and mucosae. Mast cells are present on the frontline of defense against pathogens, suggesting they may play an important role in fostering the host-microbiota relationship. In this review, we highlight findings regarding the interaction between skin microbiota and mast cells and the resulting outcomes in skin homeostasis.
Architectural Accessibility ; Ecology ; Foster Home Care ; Homeostasis ; Immune System ; Immunity, Innate ; Mast Cells* ; Microbiota* ; Mucous Membrane ; Skin*

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Older men who live alone are more vulnerable to poor nutrition. However, little attention has been paid to malnutrition among this population.This study aimed to examine malnutrition and its associated factors among communitydwelling older men living alone. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study used cohort data of communitydwelling older adults living alone in South Korea. A total of 230 older men aged 65 and over were included in this study. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Multidimensional factors (sociodemographic, health-related, psychosocial, and lifestyle characteristics) were evaluated. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the malnutrition-related factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition was 32.2% in older men living alone. Low income (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–5.90), polypharmacy (OR, 2.23;95% CI, 1.16–4.28), suicidal ideation (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.02–4.45), meal skipping (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.60–6.64), and smoking (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.43–5.73) were significantly associated with malnutrition. CONCLUSION Malnutrition is a severe health problem in older men living alone. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive and tailored interventions to mitigate malnutrition among older men living alone.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Older men who live alone are more vulnerable to poor nutrition. However, little attention has been paid to malnutrition among this population.This study aimed to examine malnutrition and its associated factors among communitydwelling older men living alone. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study used cohort data of communitydwelling older adults living alone in South Korea. A total of 230 older men aged 65 and over were included in this study. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Multidimensional factors (sociodemographic, health-related, psychosocial, and lifestyle characteristics) were evaluated. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the malnutrition-related factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition was 32.2% in older men living alone. Low income (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–5.90), polypharmacy (OR, 2.23;95% CI, 1.16–4.28), suicidal ideation (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.02–4.45), meal skipping (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.60–6.64), and smoking (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.43–5.73) were significantly associated with malnutrition. CONCLUSION Malnutrition is a severe health problem in older men living alone. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive and tailored interventions to mitigate malnutrition among older men living alone.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Older men who live alone are more vulnerable to poor nutrition. However, little attention has been paid to malnutrition among this population.This study aimed to examine malnutrition and its associated factors among communitydwelling older men living alone. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study used cohort data of communitydwelling older adults living alone in South Korea. A total of 230 older men aged 65 and over were included in this study. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Multidimensional factors (sociodemographic, health-related, psychosocial, and lifestyle characteristics) were evaluated. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the malnutrition-related factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition was 32.2% in older men living alone. Low income (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–5.90), polypharmacy (OR, 2.23;95% CI, 1.16–4.28), suicidal ideation (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.02–4.45), meal skipping (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.60–6.64), and smoking (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.43–5.73) were significantly associated with malnutrition. CONCLUSION Malnutrition is a severe health problem in older men living alone. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive and tailored interventions to mitigate malnutrition among older men living alone.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Older men who live alone are more vulnerable to poor nutrition. However, little attention has been paid to malnutrition among this population.This study aimed to examine malnutrition and its associated factors among communitydwelling older men living alone. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study used cohort data of communitydwelling older adults living alone in South Korea. A total of 230 older men aged 65 and over were included in this study. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Multidimensional factors (sociodemographic, health-related, psychosocial, and lifestyle characteristics) were evaluated. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the malnutrition-related factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition was 32.2% in older men living alone. Low income (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–5.90), polypharmacy (OR, 2.23;95% CI, 1.16–4.28), suicidal ideation (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.02–4.45), meal skipping (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.60–6.64), and smoking (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.43–5.73) were significantly associated with malnutrition. CONCLUSION Malnutrition is a severe health problem in older men living alone. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive and tailored interventions to mitigate malnutrition among older men living alone.

Objectives: This study was conducted to develop a mobile application for digital health coaching to support self-management in older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Additionally, the usability of this application was evaluated. Methods: The HAHA2022 mobile application was developed through a multidisciplinary team approach, incorporating digital health coaching strategies targeting community-dwelling older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Usability was assessed with the Korean version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale. The usability tests involved eight expert panel members and 10 older adults (mean age, 74 ± 3 years; 90% women) from one senior welfare center. Results: HAHA2022 is an Android-based mobile application that is also integrated into wearable devices to track physical activity. It features an age-friendly design and includes five main menus: Home, Action Plan, Education, Health Log, and Community. The average overall usability test scores—covering engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information—were 4.27 of 5 for the expert panel and 4.53 of 5 for the older adults. Conclusions The HAHA2022 application was developed to improve self-management among communitydwelling older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Usability tests indicate that the application is highly acceptable and feasible for use by this population. Consequently, HAHA2022 is anticipated to be widely implemented. Nonetheless, further research is required to confirm its effectiveness through digital health intervention.

Objectives: This study was conducted to develop a mobile application for digital health coaching to support self-management in older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Additionally, the usability of this application was evaluated. Methods: The HAHA2022 mobile application was developed through a multidisciplinary team approach, incorporating digital health coaching strategies targeting community-dwelling older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Usability was assessed with the Korean version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale. The usability tests involved eight expert panel members and 10 older adults (mean age, 74 ± 3 years; 90% women) from one senior welfare center. Results: HAHA2022 is an Android-based mobile application that is also integrated into wearable devices to track physical activity. It features an age-friendly design and includes five main menus: Home, Action Plan, Education, Health Log, and Community. The average overall usability test scores—covering engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information—were 4.27 of 5 for the expert panel and 4.53 of 5 for the older adults. Conclusions The HAHA2022 application was developed to improve self-management among communitydwelling older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Usability tests indicate that the application is highly acceptable and feasible for use by this population. Consequently, HAHA2022 is anticipated to be widely implemented. Nonetheless, further research is required to confirm its effectiveness through digital health intervention.

Objectives: This study was conducted to develop a mobile application for digital health coaching to support self-management in older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Additionally, the usability of this application was evaluated. Methods: The HAHA2022 mobile application was developed through a multidisciplinary team approach, incorporating digital health coaching strategies targeting community-dwelling older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Usability was assessed with the Korean version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale. The usability tests involved eight expert panel members and 10 older adults (mean age, 74 ± 3 years; 90% women) from one senior welfare center. Results: HAHA2022 is an Android-based mobile application that is also integrated into wearable devices to track physical activity. It features an age-friendly design and includes five main menus: Home, Action Plan, Education, Health Log, and Community. The average overall usability test scores—covering engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information—were 4.27 of 5 for the expert panel and 4.53 of 5 for the older adults. Conclusions The HAHA2022 application was developed to improve self-management among communitydwelling older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Usability tests indicate that the application is highly acceptable and feasible for use by this population. Consequently, HAHA2022 is anticipated to be widely implemented. Nonetheless, further research is required to confirm its effectiveness through digital health intervention.