Objective To make the identification of medicinal herbs in Salvia L. quickly and accurately. Methods In this work,DNA barcoding and chemical fingerprint were compared for the identification of herbs in Salvia L. First, the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region two amplified from 48 medicinal plants in Salvia L., and three other groups of medicinal plants in Lamiaceae were sequenced. A molecular phylogeny was constructed using the minimum evolution and maximum parsimony methods according to their sequence diversity. Second, the water-solution bioactive components and lipid soluble components were tested by HPLC. Then a chemical phylogeny was built using HPLC fingerprint data. Comparing the molecular and chemical phylogenetic trees revealed many similarities. Results DNA barcoding was sequencing based and could therefore provide more accurate results within a shorter time especially in large-scale studies. Conclusion The results show that ITS2 region is a novel DNA barcode for the authentication of the species in Salvia L. This is the first work to show the relationship between DNA barcoding and chemical components.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of omeprazole delayed release capsules and investigate the be-havior of reference preparations to provide experimental basis for generic drugs quality consistency evaluation. Methods:According to the first dissolution method (basket method) stated in 0. 931 of Chinese Pharmacopeia (2015 edition), the type of release media, solu-bility and stability of omeprazole in different media, effect of different treatment methods on the drug adsorption in the solution, differ-ent rotation speed and the methodology of ultraviolet spectrophotometry were investigated. Results:The rotation speed was 75 r·min-1 with the dissolution medium volume of 900 ml. The dissolution profiles of omeprazole delayed release capsules in three different media ( pH 6. 0 phosphate buffer, pH 6. 8 phosphate buffer and water containing 3% Tween-80) were determined with online filteration. The solubility of omeprazole in the different media was 0. 123, 0. 078 and 0. 275 mg·ml-1 , respectively. The results showed that ome-prazole was degraded 44%, 8% and 14% in 2 h in the above three release media, and degraded up to 43% in 6 h in water containing 3% Tween-80. The linear of omeprazole was 0. 209 4-20. 94, 0. 204 8-20. 48 and 0. 2016-20. 16 μg·ml-1 with the average recovery of 99.3% (RSD=0.7%,n=12), 99.7% (RSD=0.9%,n=12) and 99.5% (RSD=0.6%,n=12) respectively in the three media. Conclusion:The method is accurate and reliable, which can be used to study the quality consistency of omeprazole delayed re-lease capsules.

It was reported that a complete antifertility action of alpha-chlorohydrin in combination with glycidol in male rats after a daily oral dose of 5mg/kg and 75mg/kg respectively for two days. Simultaneously some ultrastructural changes including mitochondrial swelling, atrophy of Golgi complex, decreasing in pinocytotic vesicles and stereocilia were found in principal cells of epididymis within 3 days after medication.In this experiment the animals received 3, 6 and 9 courses of treatment respectively, each course included two days of administration with a daily dose mentioned above and eight days of cessation of medication.The specimens of initial segment of epididymis, liver and kidney were taken at the end of 3 rd, 6 th and 9th courses of treatment for electron microscopy.The principal cells of initial segment of epididymis revealed a normal feature at the end of 3 rd and 9 th course of treatment. But at the end of 6 th course of treatment, the atrophy of Golgi complex and the decrease in stereocilia and pinocytotic vesicles were found in some principal cells.Any ultrastructural changs of sperms in the initial segment were not found by electron microscope.There was also mitochondrial changes with striking increase in the density of the matrix and reduction of size in some liver cells at the end of 6 th course of treatment, but not at the end of 3 rd or 9 th course of treatment. The epithelial cells of nephron in all the specimens revealed a normal ultrastructural feature.The results suggest that the ultrastructural changes of the principal cells and the liver cells induced by the mixture of the drugs could be recovered at the end of treatments.

Combined effects of ?-chlorohydrin and glycidol on the ultrastructure of theinitial segment and the tail region of the rat epididymis have been studied by ultra-thin sections under electronmicroscope.Individual effects of the both drugs on thesame tissues were also examined simultaneously.The major results are as follows.1.Numbers of swollen and degenerated mitochondria were observed in principalcells,clear cells,apical cells and basal cells of epididymal epithelium,as well as insmooth muscle cells of the ductus epididymidis and in endothelial cells of the capil-laries in epididymal interstitium during a period of 3～30 days after administrationof low dose of ?-chlorohydrin combined with glycidol(5 mg ?-chlorohydrin plus75mg glycidol/kg/day?2),which previously has been proved to be effective inmale rat antifertility.Additionally,Golgi vacuoles,pinocytotic vesicles,multivesicularbodies,stereocilia and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the apical cytoplasm of someprincipal cells occasionally were found to decrease in number.No Morphologicalchanges of the nuclei were found in these affected cells.The number of morphologi-cally unchanged mitochondria appears to become more with extended time after drugswithdrawal.2.In the group treated with the large combined dose of the drugs(20 mg ?-chlorohydrin plus 100 mg glycidol/kg/day?2),apart from the changes mentionedabove,necrosis and exfoliation of some epididymal epithelial cells could be found.Some lesions of the sperm,such as the destruction of the cytoplasmic membrane,swelling of mitochondria and pyknosis of nucleus were present in a few specimenstaken from this group.3.Effects similiar to that of the combined use of the drugs were also found ingroups using ?-chlorohydrin or glycidol alone,but a less degree of lesions revealed.These observations suggested that the antifertile effects of ?-chlorohydrin andglycidol either used in combination or alone could result injury of mitochondria inepididymal epithelial cells,which should lead to the decrease of the function ofepididymis,hence to interfere with the maturation of the sperm in it.

Objective To evaluate the effect of MRS-assisted stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for small recurrent high grade glioma (HGG).Methods A total of 54 patients with recurrent HGG were selected,the tumor diameter was less than 3 cm,the patients were divided into the conventional MRI group of 26 cases,and MRI+MRS group of 28 cases.The target region of the conventional MRI group was defined as the enhanced and short T1,long T2 area;MRI+MRS group was defined as the region of Cho/NAAindex (CNI) ≥1.6 in the surrounding short T1,long T2 and enhanced area.All the patients were followed up at least 12 months,analysed their therapeutic effect.Results Compared with the conventional MRI group,MRS+MRI group margin dose increased (19.46 Gy vs.13.58 Gy),the average diameter of target were smaller (2.6 cm vs.3.0 cm),progression-free survival was longer (6.8 months vs.5.6 months),the 1-year survival rate was higher (78.6％ vs.50.0％),and the occurrence rate of brain edema was lower (5 vs.17),the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion MRI+-MRS assisted SRS helps to accurately identify the scope of HGG,its short term effect was superior.

With the development of molecular biology, biomaterials and tissue engineering, regenerative treatment of pulpal and periradicular diseases is facing new opportunities. At present, a large number of studies on dental pulp regeneration reveal that cytokines are essential for promoting migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. In this paper, we review several kinds of cytokines related to dental pulp regeneration, and analyze their roles and regulatory mechanisms in dental pulp regeneration.