Here, we investigated the temporal change of post synapse signaling molecules, post synaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) using immunohistochemistry during voluntary running with upregulated neurogenesis. Rate of running was stabilized after two weeks of the six week trial. By using immunohistochemsitry for phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) and polysialylatedneural cell adhesion molecules (PSA-NCAM), we observed that the differentiation in dentate granule cells of adult mouse hippocampus increased at 1 and 2 weeks of voluntary running. We found that, at 6 weeks of voluntary running, the differentiation in dentate granule cells of adult mouse hippocampus returned to sedentary control levels. On the other hand, PSD-95 and nNOS immunoreactivity decreased in the inner molecular layer in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus after 1 and 2 weeks of voluntary running. At 6 weeks of voluntary running, the density of the PSD-95 and nNOS in the inner molecular layer was returned to the sedentary control level. The reactivity of nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-diaphorase), the marker of nitric oxide synthase activity, confirmed the change of nNOS in the inner molecular layer during voluntary running. These results demonstrate that the differentiation and the synaptic activity of granule cells during voluntary running are changed reciprocally once the rate of running has stabilized. These granule cell changes during voluntary running suggest an adaptation response to the new environment.
Adult ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; Dentate Gyrus* ; Hand ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice* ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons* ; Niacinamide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I* ; Running* ; Synapses

HExDB is a database for analyzing exon and splicing pattern information in Homo sapiens. HExDB is useful for specific purposes: 1) to design primers for exon amplification from cDNA and 2) to understand the change of ORFs by alternative splicing. HExDB was constructed by integrating data from AltExtron which is the computationally predicted exon database, Ensemble cDNA annotation, and Affymetrix genome tile published recently. Although it may contain false positive data, HExDB is good starting point due to its sensitivity. At present, there are as many as 2,046,519 exons stored in the HExDB. We found that 16.8% of the exons in the database was constitutive exons and 83.1% were novel gene exons.
Alternative Splicing* ; Animals ; DNA, Complementary ; Ecthyma, Contagious ; Exons* ; Genome ; Humans* ; Open Reading Frames

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can accompany many musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases. It is difficult to distinguish the DM-related MSK diseases based on clinical symptoms alone. Sonography is frequently used as a first imaging study for these MSK symptoms and is helpful to differentiate the various DM-related MSK diseases. This pictorial essay focuses on sonographic findings of various MSK diseases that can occur in diabetic patients.
Adult ; Cellulitis/ultrasonography ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications ; Diabetic Neuropathies/ultrasonography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Diseases/complications/*diagnosis/ultrasonography ; Pyomyositis/microbiology/ultrasonography ; Tenosynovitis/microbiology/ultrasonography ; Vascular Diseases/ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Recently, researchers at medical schools have shown increasing interest in developing a curriculum for medical humanities and improving 'humanity' in existing curriculums. This study introduces the process of developing the 'doctor & leadership' curriculum at K University from 2002. The results of the three-year implementation were analyzed. The effectivenessof the curriculum development is discussed. METHODS: The curriculum development followed the ADDIE model. A sixteen-week curriculum with three subjects was developed. The main methods of instruction were self-regulation learning and collaboration learning. The instruction method was a blended learning approach composed of both on-line and off-line instructions. Students were assessed through a portfolio assessment. 'Leadership self-assessment' and 'satisfaction index' of the overall curriculum were measured. RESULTS: The results on pre- and post- leadership self-assessment shows that leadership increased significantly after the learning process. Of the 4 sub-factors of the satisfaction index, the satisfaction indices on the blended learning, professor-student interaction, and instruction design had the greatest influence on the total satisfaction index (p<.001) CONCLUSION: Our outcome indicates that the 'doctor & leadership' curriculum is significantly effective. And generally, to increase the satisfaction index of courses, collaboration learning based on team projects and blended learning, as well as, professor-student interaction are helpful in encouraging the application of skills.
Cooperative Behavior ; Curriculum* ; Humanities ; Humans ; Leadership ; Learning ; Schools, Medical ; Self-Assessment

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomical similarity of three-dimensional (3D) morphometric parameters between right and left knees. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten fresh-frozen paired cadaveric knees were tested. Following dissection, footprint areas of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) were measured. Surface scanning was performed using a 3D scanner. Scanned data were reproduced and morphometric parameters were measured on specialized software. After making mirror models, we compared footprint center positions of the ACL and PCL of both sides and calculated the average deviation of 3D alignment between the right- and left-side models. RESULTS: No significant side-to-side differences were found in any morphometric parameters. Bony shapes displayed a side-to-side difference of < 1 mm. Distal femoral and proximal tibial volumes did not present side-to-side differences, either; the average 3D deviations of alignment between the right and left sides were 0.8±0.4/1.1±0.6 mm (distal femur/proximal tibia). Center-to-center distances between the right and left ACL footprints were 2.6/2.7 mm (femur/tibia) for the anteromedial bundle and 2.4/2.8 mm for the posterolateral bundle. They were 1.9/1.5 mm for the anterolateral bundle and 2.2/1.8 mm for the posteromedial bundle of the PCL. CONCLUSIONS: There was a remarkable 3D morphometric similarity between right and left knees. Our results might support the concept of obtaining morphologic reference data from the uninvolved contralateral knee.
Anatomy, Comparative ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Cadaver ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Purpose: In 2024, medical researchers in the Republic of Korea were invited to amend the health and medical data utilization guidelines (Government Publications Registration Number: 11-1352000-0052828-14). This study aimed to show the overall impact of the guideline revision, with a focus on clinical genomic data. Materials and Methods: This study amended the pseudonymization of genomic data defined in the previous version through a joint study led by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Korea Health Information Service, and the Korea Genome Organization. To develop the previous version, we held three conferences with four main medical research institutes and seven academic societies. We conducted two surveys targeting special genome experts in academia, industry, and institutes. Results: We found that cases of pseudonymization in the application of genome data were rare and that there was ambiguity in the terminology used in the previous version of the guidelines. Most experts (>~90%) agreed that the ‘reserved’ condition should be eliminated to make genomic data available after pseudonymization. In this study, the scope of genomic data was defined as clinical next-generation sequencing data, including FASTQ, BAM/SAM, VCF, and medical records. Pseudonymization targets genomic sequences and metadata, embedding specific elements, such as germline mutations, short tandem repeats, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and identifiable data (for example, ID or environmental values). Expression data generated from multi-omics can be used without pseudonymization. Conclusion This amendment will not only enhance the safe use of healthcare data but also promote advancements in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Purpose: In 2024, medical researchers in the Republic of Korea were invited to amend the health and medical data utilization guidelines (Government Publications Registration Number: 11-1352000-0052828-14). This study aimed to show the overall impact of the guideline revision, with a focus on clinical genomic data. Materials and Methods: This study amended the pseudonymization of genomic data defined in the previous version through a joint study led by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Korea Health Information Service, and the Korea Genome Organization. To develop the previous version, we held three conferences with four main medical research institutes and seven academic societies. We conducted two surveys targeting special genome experts in academia, industry, and institutes. Results: We found that cases of pseudonymization in the application of genome data were rare and that there was ambiguity in the terminology used in the previous version of the guidelines. Most experts (>~90%) agreed that the ‘reserved’ condition should be eliminated to make genomic data available after pseudonymization. In this study, the scope of genomic data was defined as clinical next-generation sequencing data, including FASTQ, BAM/SAM, VCF, and medical records. Pseudonymization targets genomic sequences and metadata, embedding specific elements, such as germline mutations, short tandem repeats, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and identifiable data (for example, ID or environmental values). Expression data generated from multi-omics can be used without pseudonymization. Conclusion This amendment will not only enhance the safe use of healthcare data but also promote advancements in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Purpose: In 2024, medical researchers in the Republic of Korea were invited to amend the health and medical data utilization guidelines (Government Publications Registration Number: 11-1352000-0052828-14). This study aimed to show the overall impact of the guideline revision, with a focus on clinical genomic data. Materials and Methods: This study amended the pseudonymization of genomic data defined in the previous version through a joint study led by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Korea Health Information Service, and the Korea Genome Organization. To develop the previous version, we held three conferences with four main medical research institutes and seven academic societies. We conducted two surveys targeting special genome experts in academia, industry, and institutes. Results: We found that cases of pseudonymization in the application of genome data were rare and that there was ambiguity in the terminology used in the previous version of the guidelines. Most experts (>~90%) agreed that the ‘reserved’ condition should be eliminated to make genomic data available after pseudonymization. In this study, the scope of genomic data was defined as clinical next-generation sequencing data, including FASTQ, BAM/SAM, VCF, and medical records. Pseudonymization targets genomic sequences and metadata, embedding specific elements, such as germline mutations, short tandem repeats, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and identifiable data (for example, ID or environmental values). Expression data generated from multi-omics can be used without pseudonymization. Conclusion This amendment will not only enhance the safe use of healthcare data but also promote advancements in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Purpose: In 2024, medical researchers in the Republic of Korea were invited to amend the health and medical data utilization guidelines (Government Publications Registration Number: 11-1352000-0052828-14). This study aimed to show the overall impact of the guideline revision, with a focus on clinical genomic data. Materials and Methods: This study amended the pseudonymization of genomic data defined in the previous version through a joint study led by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Korea Health Information Service, and the Korea Genome Organization. To develop the previous version, we held three conferences with four main medical research institutes and seven academic societies. We conducted two surveys targeting special genome experts in academia, industry, and institutes. Results: We found that cases of pseudonymization in the application of genome data were rare and that there was ambiguity in the terminology used in the previous version of the guidelines. Most experts (>~90%) agreed that the ‘reserved’ condition should be eliminated to make genomic data available after pseudonymization. In this study, the scope of genomic data was defined as clinical next-generation sequencing data, including FASTQ, BAM/SAM, VCF, and medical records. Pseudonymization targets genomic sequences and metadata, embedding specific elements, such as germline mutations, short tandem repeats, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and identifiable data (for example, ID or environmental values). Expression data generated from multi-omics can be used without pseudonymization. Conclusion This amendment will not only enhance the safe use of healthcare data but also promote advancements in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

The adsorption of proteins on the surface of glass slides is essential for construction of protein chips. Previously, we prepared a nickel-coated plate by the spin-coating method for immobilization of His-tagged proteins. In order to know whether the structural factor is responsible for the immobilization of His-tagged proteins to the nickel-coated glass slide, we executed a series of experiments. First we purified a His-tagged protein after expressing the vector in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Then we obtained the unfolding curve for the His-tagged protein by using guanidine hydrochloride. Fractions unfolded were monitored by internal fluorescence spectroscopy. The delta G(H20) for unfolding was 2.27 kcalmol +/- 0.52. Then we tested if unfolded His-tagged proteins can be adsorbed to the nickel-coated plate, comparing with Ni2+ -NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) beads. Whereas unfolded His-tagged proteins were adsorbed to Ni2+ -NTA beads, they did not bind to the nickel-coated plate. In conclusion, a structural factor is likely to be an important factor for constructing the protein chips, when His-tagged proteins will immobilize to the nickel-coated slides.
Adsorption ; Fibrinogen ; Glass* ; Guanidine ; Immobilization ; Protein Array Analysis ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence