OBJECTIVES: Tourette's Disorder (TD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics with onset in childhood. The aim of this study was to ascertain the increased cortical information transmission in frontal area during tic suppression in drug naive boys with TD using new nonlinear analysis of EEGs, be called Transfer Entropy (TE) which can detect the directed exchange of information between two systems. METHODS: Subjects were 11 drug naive boys with DSM-IV diagnosis of TD and 10 control boys. Clinical assessments were performed, and EEGs were recorded from 19 scalp loci of the international 10-20 systems. TE was estimated by EEG timeseries data after noise reduction. TE difference between TD and control during resting state and between tic suppression and resting state in TD were investigated. RESULTS: Elevated TE was found in extensive channels, including frontal, central and temporal channels (F7, Fz, F8,Cz, C3, P3, T3, and T4) in resting state of Tourette's disorder compared to normal controls. During tic suppression elevated TE was found in more extensive and asymmetrical channels especially prefrontal area (Fp1, Fp2, F3, Fz, F7, F8, Cz, C4, C5, T3, and T4). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that pathogenesis of Tourette's disorder involve impaired cortical neuronal modulation in subcortical neural circuits. EEG analysis of TE may be a useful tool to investigation of cortical mechanism of psychiatric illness.
Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Neurons ; Noise ; Scalp ; Tics* ; Tourette Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Fasting* ; Glucose*

This study aims to evaluate the color stability and surface roughness of the single-shade composite resin after finishing and polishing for primary molars. A single-shade composite resin (OM, OMNICHROMA) and two multi-shade composite resins (FT, FiltekTM Z350XT; ES, ESTELITE® SIGMA QUICK) were included. The specimens were divided into three subgroups using different polishing methods: control, Sof-Lex XT, and Sof-Lex Diamond. For color stability tests, cavities were prepared on extracted primary second molars and restored with experimental composite resins. Each specimen was immersed in the coffee solution for 48 hours. The color difference of each specimen was calculated. For surface roughness tests, cylindrical specimens were crafted with experimental composite resins. Surface roughness was analyzed using an atomic force microscope and a scanning electron microscope. In the color stability tests, FT demonstrated a significantly lower ΔEab than ES among the control groups, but no significant differences were observed between the ΔEab values of OM and FT or OM and ES. Additionally, no significant differences were found between the Sof-Lex XT and Sof-Lex Diamond subgroups in the three composite groups. Moreover, no significant differences in the surface roughness were found between the three composite groups, regardless of the polishing methods. The single-shade composite resin demonstrated comparable color stability and surface roughness to that of the multi-shade composite resins regardless of the polishing methods used in restoring primary molars. The single-shade composite resin is expected to be applicable in clinical pediatric dentistry reducing chair time due to the easy shade matching procedures.

This study aimed to evaluate the surface hardness and wear resistance of a novel glass-hybrid restorative material in comparison with those of high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC). Additionally, this study examined how the application of a nano-filled resin coating affected these mechanical properties. This study utilized 80 disk-shaped samples prepared from two distinct GI materials: Equia Forte HT Fil and Fuji IX GP. Half of the specimens from each material group were treated with an Equia Forte Coat. Vickers hardness tests were conducted on a set of 40 specimens, and wear resistance was measured on a separate set of 40 specimens. Equia Forte HT Fil showed significantly higher hardness than Fuji IX GP (p < 0.05). The nano-filled resin coating did not significantly affect the hardness in both groups (p > 0.05). In wear depth measurements, uncoated Equia Forte HT Fil showed significantly lower wear depth compared to uncoated Fuji IX GP (p < 0.05). After coating application, both GI groups showed significantly decreased wear depth (p < 0.05). In terms of both hardness and wear resistance, the properties of the glass-hybrid restorative material were superior to those of the high-viscosity GIC. Nano-filled resin coating exhibited no significant positive effect on the hardness of either GI cement material but significantly increased their wear resistance.

This study aims to evaluate the color stability and surface roughness of the single-shade composite resin after finishing and polishing for primary molars. A single-shade composite resin (OM, OMNICHROMA) and two multi-shade composite resins (FT, FiltekTM Z350XT; ES, ESTELITE® SIGMA QUICK) were included. The specimens were divided into three subgroups using different polishing methods: control, Sof-Lex XT, and Sof-Lex Diamond. For color stability tests, cavities were prepared on extracted primary second molars and restored with experimental composite resins. Each specimen was immersed in the coffee solution for 48 hours. The color difference of each specimen was calculated. For surface roughness tests, cylindrical specimens were crafted with experimental composite resins. Surface roughness was analyzed using an atomic force microscope and a scanning electron microscope. In the color stability tests, FT demonstrated a significantly lower ΔEab than ES among the control groups, but no significant differences were observed between the ΔEab values of OM and FT or OM and ES. Additionally, no significant differences were found between the Sof-Lex XT and Sof-Lex Diamond subgroups in the three composite groups. Moreover, no significant differences in the surface roughness were found between the three composite groups, regardless of the polishing methods. The single-shade composite resin demonstrated comparable color stability and surface roughness to that of the multi-shade composite resins regardless of the polishing methods used in restoring primary molars. The single-shade composite resin is expected to be applicable in clinical pediatric dentistry reducing chair time due to the easy shade matching procedures.

This study aimed to evaluate the surface hardness and wear resistance of a novel glass-hybrid restorative material in comparison with those of high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC). Additionally, this study examined how the application of a nano-filled resin coating affected these mechanical properties. This study utilized 80 disk-shaped samples prepared from two distinct GI materials: Equia Forte HT Fil and Fuji IX GP. Half of the specimens from each material group were treated with an Equia Forte Coat. Vickers hardness tests were conducted on a set of 40 specimens, and wear resistance was measured on a separate set of 40 specimens. Equia Forte HT Fil showed significantly higher hardness than Fuji IX GP (p < 0.05). The nano-filled resin coating did not significantly affect the hardness in both groups (p > 0.05). In wear depth measurements, uncoated Equia Forte HT Fil showed significantly lower wear depth compared to uncoated Fuji IX GP (p < 0.05). After coating application, both GI groups showed significantly decreased wear depth (p < 0.05). In terms of both hardness and wear resistance, the properties of the glass-hybrid restorative material were superior to those of the high-viscosity GIC. Nano-filled resin coating exhibited no significant positive effect on the hardness of either GI cement material but significantly increased their wear resistance.

This study aims to evaluate the color stability and surface roughness of the single-shade composite resin after finishing and polishing for primary molars. A single-shade composite resin (OM, OMNICHROMA) and two multi-shade composite resins (FT, FiltekTM Z350XT; ES, ESTELITE® SIGMA QUICK) were included. The specimens were divided into three subgroups using different polishing methods: control, Sof-Lex XT, and Sof-Lex Diamond. For color stability tests, cavities were prepared on extracted primary second molars and restored with experimental composite resins. Each specimen was immersed in the coffee solution for 48 hours. The color difference of each specimen was calculated. For surface roughness tests, cylindrical specimens were crafted with experimental composite resins. Surface roughness was analyzed using an atomic force microscope and a scanning electron microscope. In the color stability tests, FT demonstrated a significantly lower ΔEab than ES among the control groups, but no significant differences were observed between the ΔEab values of OM and FT or OM and ES. Additionally, no significant differences were found between the Sof-Lex XT and Sof-Lex Diamond subgroups in the three composite groups. Moreover, no significant differences in the surface roughness were found between the three composite groups, regardless of the polishing methods. The single-shade composite resin demonstrated comparable color stability and surface roughness to that of the multi-shade composite resins regardless of the polishing methods used in restoring primary molars. The single-shade composite resin is expected to be applicable in clinical pediatric dentistry reducing chair time due to the easy shade matching procedures.

This study aimed to evaluate the surface hardness and wear resistance of a novel glass-hybrid restorative material in comparison with those of high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC). Additionally, this study examined how the application of a nano-filled resin coating affected these mechanical properties. This study utilized 80 disk-shaped samples prepared from two distinct GI materials: Equia Forte HT Fil and Fuji IX GP. Half of the specimens from each material group were treated with an Equia Forte Coat. Vickers hardness tests were conducted on a set of 40 specimens, and wear resistance was measured on a separate set of 40 specimens. Equia Forte HT Fil showed significantly higher hardness than Fuji IX GP (p < 0.05). The nano-filled resin coating did not significantly affect the hardness in both groups (p > 0.05). In wear depth measurements, uncoated Equia Forte HT Fil showed significantly lower wear depth compared to uncoated Fuji IX GP (p < 0.05). After coating application, both GI groups showed significantly decreased wear depth (p < 0.05). In terms of both hardness and wear resistance, the properties of the glass-hybrid restorative material were superior to those of the high-viscosity GIC. Nano-filled resin coating exhibited no significant positive effect on the hardness of either GI cement material but significantly increased their wear resistance.

Purpose: In 2024, medical researchers in the Republic of Korea were invited to amend the health and medical data utilization guidelines (Government Publications Registration Number: 11-1352000-0052828-14). This study aimed to show the overall impact of the guideline revision, with a focus on clinical genomic data. Materials and Methods: This study amended the pseudonymization of genomic data defined in the previous version through a joint study led by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Korea Health Information Service, and the Korea Genome Organization. To develop the previous version, we held three conferences with four main medical research institutes and seven academic societies. We conducted two surveys targeting special genome experts in academia, industry, and institutes. Results: We found that cases of pseudonymization in the application of genome data were rare and that there was ambiguity in the terminology used in the previous version of the guidelines. Most experts (>~90%) agreed that the ‘reserved’ condition should be eliminated to make genomic data available after pseudonymization. In this study, the scope of genomic data was defined as clinical next-generation sequencing data, including FASTQ, BAM/SAM, VCF, and medical records. Pseudonymization targets genomic sequences and metadata, embedding specific elements, such as germline mutations, short tandem repeats, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and identifiable data (for example, ID or environmental values). Expression data generated from multi-omics can be used without pseudonymization. Conclusion This amendment will not only enhance the safe use of healthcare data but also promote advancements in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

PURPOSE: For better understanding of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of management in pediatric urolithiasis, we report our experience with pediatric urolithiasis during the past 10 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 56 pediatric patients with urolithiasis between May 1990 and May 2000. The mean age of the patients was 8.4 years (3 months-18 years) with sex ratio of 1.2:1.0 (male:female). We described initial symptoms, risk factors, location and size of stones, stone composition, treatment outcomes and complications. Metabolic evaluations were performed in 26 patients. RESUTLS: Metabolic abnormalities were found in 13 (23%) and all of them had hypercalciuria. In 3 of these patients, hyperuricosuria was also detected. Urinary tract anomalies were discovered in 10 (18%), all of whom were under age of 10 and underwent surgical reconstruction except for 1 patient who had horseshoe kidney and was lost during follow-up. For the treatment, 28 patients (50%) were treated by SWL. Other treatment modalities consisted of ureteroscopic lithotripsy in 3, pyelolithotomy in 2 who had large staghorn stone (>5cm), and cystolitholapaxy in 2. Spontaneous stone passage was observed in 8 patients (14%). For those who underwent SWL, stone free rates of the first, second and third session were 78%, 96% and 100% respectively. There were no major complications. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with urolithiasis requires evaluation for metabolic and structural abnormalities. Most of the urinary stone disease in the pediatric age group without structural anomalies could be effectively treated by SWL with minimal morbidity whereas those with structural anomalies necessitating surgical reconstruction are the best candidates for open surgery.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; Kidney ; Lithotripsy ; Retrospective Studies* ; Risk Factors ; Sex Ratio ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Tract ; Urolithiasis*