ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of hypertension and its influencing factors in community-dwellers at risk for high blood pressure in Minhang District of Shanghai， and to provide scientific evidence for the community management. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the electronic health records of community-dwellers at risk for high blood pressure in Minhang District， Shanghai from January 1， 2011 to December 31， 2017. The study end-point was the occurrence of hypertension，and the followup was finished in December 2021. A total of 17 265 community-dwellers at risk for high blood pressure were enrolled in our study. Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were used to determine the influencing factors. ResultsAfter 6.04 years of follow-up， the hypertension incidence among community-dwellers at risk for high blood pressure in Minhang District of Shanghai was 25.5%. Family history of hypertension （HR=1.250， 95%CI： 1.168‒1.338）， family history of stroke （HR=1.295， 95%CI： 1.080‒1.553）， history of diabetes （HR=1.203， 95%CI： 1.076‒1.345）， daily smoking （HR=1.187， 95%CI： 1.087‒1.296）， overweight （HR=1.393， 95%CI：1.308‒1.484）， obesity（HR=1.903， 95%CI： 1.719‒2.106）， high values of normal blood pressure （HR=1.275， 95%CI： 1.195‒1.359） and advanced age （HR=1.033， 95%CI： 1.030‒1.036） were all risk factors. Emaciation （HR=0.649， 95%CI： 0.500‒0.840） was a protective factors. ConclusionBlood pressure monitoring should be strengthened for people elderly， with family history of hypertension， family history of stroke， diabetes or high values of normal blood pressure， so as to diagnose hypertension early. Timely intervention measures should be taken for community-dwellers with unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking， overweight and obesity.

ObjectiveTo identify and analyze the possible influencing factors of obesity among public primary school students in Minhang District， Shanghai. MethodsBasic data， collected through questionnaire stars， was imported with merged physical examination data into Excel to form a database. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS 22.00. Independent sample t-test was used for the data with normal distribution. Nonparametric test was used for the data with non-normal distribution. χ² test was used for the quantitative data. Logistic regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. ResultsAccording to the national physical health standards for students （revised in 2014） ， the prevalence rate of obesity among primary school students in Minhang district was 29.63% . The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32.1% in boys and 26.9% in girls. The trend of overweight and obesity in different grades was similar among different genders .A single factor analysis showed that， being the only child （χ²=9.300， P<0.01） ， father obesity（χ²=106.417， P<0.001） or mother obesity（χ²=118.534， P<0.001） ， mother's overweight during pregnancy （χ²=159.731， P<0.001） ， caregiver's role as grandparents （χ²=38.736， P<0.001） ， low education level （χ²=111.309， P<0.001） had effects on overweight and obesity of children while the differences had statistical significance. Pupil's bad eating habit （χ²=18.905，P<0.001） and preference （χ²=22.901， P<0.001） ， insufficient sleep time （χ²=61.685， P<0.001） ， long-time using of electronic products （χ²=37.182， P<0.001） and low-time of exercise （χ²=15.328， P<0.001） also affected the obesity of primary school students. Among the five factors of family， diet， psychology， static state and dynamic state， the influencing factors of obesity in primary school students from grade one to grade four were being the only child， obese father and/or mother， overweight mother during pregnancy， caregivers without higher education. In terms of diet， it was mainly based on eating habits before bedtime， as well as partial and picky eating habits. In terms of psychology， the main psychological source was the pressure of learning in school. There was a clear relationship between the pace of learning and not keeping up. Static analysis revealed a correlation with lack of sleep. After assigning values based on eye hygiene recommendations for the use of electronic products， it was found that there was no direct correlation between obesity in primary school students and the duration of electronic product use. Dynamic analysis showed that not taking part in school physical exercise was related to obesity. ConclusionThe obesity of primary school students is influenced by family， diet， psychology， static and dynamic factors. The intervention of obesity in primary school needs the joint efforts of school， society， family， self-cognition and so on.

Objective To explore the determinants of infants overweight and obesity using generalized estimation equation (GEE). Methods Data were extracted from 26 624 2-year old infants who completed required health examination from January 2017 to December 2019 in Minhang District of Shanghai.The weight for height at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age was calculated to evaluate nutrition status of infants.Ordinal multinomial GEE was fitted with malnutrition, normality, overweight and obesity as responding variables to explore the determinants of infants overweight and obesity. Results Incidence rate of overweight and obesity in infants of 6 to 24 months of age had a tendency of decline, and proportion of normality showed as increasing tendency along with the increase of months of age(P < 0.001).GEE showed that the following factors were more likely involved in infant overweight and obesity: male(OR=1.182), lower education level of mother (OR=1.399 for primary school, OR=1.124 for junior high school, and OR＝1.083 for senior high school, respectively), higher body weight of father(OR=1.003), higher pre-pregnant body weight of mother(OR=1.003), longer gestational age(OR=1.058), longer sleeping time at 6 month of age(OR=1.032), lower month of age (OR=2.911 for 6 months, OR=1.952 for 12 months, and OR=1.232 for 18 months, respectively).Those with low birth weight (OR=0.205 for < 2 500 g, and OR=0.410 for 2 500~3 999 g, respectively)and exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months of age(OR=0.946)had low likelihood of overweight and obesity. Conclusion Comprehensive measures should be taken to control infants overweight and obesity, including encouraging expectant parents to maintain normal body weight before pregnancy, strengthening the education of scientific feeding knowledge, and extending exclusive breastfeeding.

Two hundred autopsy cases that died from cranio-cerebral injury were analyzed on the damage characteristics caused by different instruments. The injury mechanism was then classified according to beating direction, sequence, as well as baring spot of injury, which is seek to serve for the estimation of wounding instruments and determination of the character of case.
Accidents ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Autopsy ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Craniocerebral Trauma/pathology* ; Female ; Forensic Pathology/methods* ; Homicide ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Trauma Severity Indices ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating/pathology* ; Wounds, Stab/pathology* ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo develop a new mosquito trap and evaluate its effectiveness in Aedes albopictus monitoring in an urban community. MethodsThe first-round field test was conducted in a well-greened residential neighborhood with high Aedes albopictus density calculated by human landing catch in August 2022， in Minhang District， Shanghai. 65 new test containers with different designs were randomly deployed in the field. These trap containers were designed by different material， color， hole size， shape and top cover colors. The results of mosquito and its egg trapping were observed and recorded continuously for 7 days. In September 2022， the second round of experiment was conducted. After comparison， an optimized trap container was designed. 140 new trap containers were compared with 140 traditional ones to evaluate the effectiveness. SPSS 22.5 software was used for statistical analysis. ResultsThere were significant changes in the outcome of mosquito and its egg trapping on the 4th and 7th day of the pre-experiment deployment of the three kinds of containers. The 200 ml container cup with three round holes in the body had the best effect on trapping mosquitos and eggs， with a positive rate of 45.5% （5/11）， while other type of contrainer cup only had a positive rate of 12% （6/50） in trapping mosquitos and eggs. Statistical significant differences （χ²=45.443，P <0.001） existed between the two tpyes of cups within the first kind of trapping container. The second kind of trapping container showed round and oval holes had better effect on mosquito trapping， with a positive rate of 55.6% （5/9）. The third kind of hanging container can resist strong wind. The best mosquito trapping effect of three round holes was 66.7% （2/3）. The container wall should not be made of rough material， which was easy to cause the escape of adult mosquitoes. Combined with the three types of containers， the new contariner should be top transparent， and the top 1/3 of the side should paint black with 3 round holes. The effective recovery rate of the new container was higher than that of the traditional one under the exclusion of human factors， and had the advantage of preventing rain， wind and rollover， but the effect of trapping mosquito and its egg was comparable to the traditional one（χ²_D4=0.197，P=0.658； χ²_D7=0.125 ，P=0.724）. ConclusionThis new type of mosquito trap is worth further exploration and research， which can improve the trapping efficiency， overall recovery rate and the accurate confirmation of the mosquito density.

【Objective】 To investigate the screen exposure status in 3- to 6-year-old children in Minhang district and to analyze its determinants, so as to provide a basis for scientific intervention of screen exposure in children. 【Methods】 A total of 1 035 children aged 3 to 6 years were selected from 30 classes in 10 kindergartens in Minhang district by multi-stage cluster sampling in October 2022. An online questionnaire survey was conducted by their parents. Screen exposure was difined as spending more than one hour on video products per day. Multivariate Logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the determinants of children screen exposure. 【Results】 Among 1 035 children, 730 experienced screen exposure (70.53%). The average time of daily screen exposure was (1.67±0.98)h. The daily screen exposure time of children aged 3, 4, 5 and 6 years at weekends was (1.77±1.13), (1.76±1.04), (1.98±1.10)h and(2.08±1.22)h, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F=3.98, P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that age group of 5 years old (OR=1.79, 95%CI:1.19 - 2.68), the caregivers using video products for 1 - 2hours/day (OR=2.61, 95%CI:1.90 - 3.60) and >2hours/day (OR=2.10, 95%CI:1.35 - 3.27) when accompanying children, parents supporting children using video products(OR=1.59, 95%CI:1.17 - 2.15), children using video products before bedtime(OR=1.94, 95%CI:1.32 - 2.86), and unsupervised use of video products for children(OR=1.94, 95%CI:1.36 - 2.77) were independent risk factors for children′s screen exposure(P<0.05). Father′s education level of bachelor(OR=0.61,95%CI:0.43 - 0.89), master and above(OR=0.49, 95%CI:0.34 - 0.73) was a protective factor for children′s screen exposure(P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 Attention should be paid to the problem of screen exposure of 3 -to 6 - year-old children. Targeted efforts should be made to popularize the knowledge of the harm of early screen exposure to children among caregivers, caregivers are advocated for the rule formulation of screen behavior, scientifically regulate children′s screen exposure behaviors, and increase parent-child communication, so as to reduce the adverse effects of screen exposure on children′s health.