Objective: To examine the level of serum Cyfra21-1 in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) and to explore the potential application of serum Cyfra21-1 detection in the diagnosis of OSCC. Methods: The serum Cyfra21-1 concentrations were detected by ELISA. Results: The preoperative serum Cyfra21-1 concentration in patients with OSCC was (1.12±0.61) ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in healthy persons (0.34±0.20) ng/ml and that in patients with oral benign tumor (0.50±0.27) ng/ml. The sensitivity rate and specificity rate of the test were 83.9% and 89.3%, respectively. For 10 patients with OSCC, the serum Cyfra21-1 concentrations were decreased from (1.31±0.25) ng/ml preoperatively to (0.65±0.14) ng/ml postoperatively. Conclusion: Cyfra21-1 may be a good marker in diagnosis of OSCC.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of modified powder and vitamin B12 on the treatment of recurrent oral ulcer in rats and its effect on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α).Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal group (equal distilled water),model group (equal distilled water),positive control group (levamisole 20 mg/kg gavage) and experimental group (containing dcsgd crude drugs 1 g/mL,1.278 mL/200 g+ B12 20 g/kg gavage),each group with 12 rats.Model group,positive control group and experimental group were treated with immunological method to establish the recurrent oral ulcer mode.Each group treated with the corresponding treatment methods for 20 days.Results The oral ulcer number,duration time in positive control group and the experimental group were significantly lower than that in model group rats(P＜0.05),ulcer interval time was significantly longer than the rats in the model group (P＜0.05);the serum IL-6,TNF-α detection level in positive control group and experimental group were significantly lower than in the model group(P＜0.05);serum IL-6,TNF-α detection level in model group were significantly higher than those in normal group(P＜0.05);the peripheral blood SOD,GSHPx levels in positive control group and experimental group rats were significantly higher than that in model group(P＜0.05),the level of MDA was significantly lower than that in model group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Modified powder and vitamin B12 have therapeutic effects on recurrent oral ulcer in rats.The mechanism may be related to reducing the inflammatory reaction and improving the antioxidant capacity of the tissue.

Objective:To study the effects of a potassium channel blocker 4-Amino pyridine(4-AP)on the proliferation of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cells.Methods:CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation of Tca8113 cells cultured with 4-AP at the concentration of 1,5,10,20,50 and 100 mmol/L for 12,24 and 48 h respectively,the cell proliferation inhibition rate was calculated,the cell cycle distribution was examined by flow cytometry.Data were analyzed by SPSS19.0 software.Results:With the increase of 4-AP concentration and culture time,cells showed some morphologic changes.4-AP at 5 -100 mmol/L dose and time dependently inhibited the proliferation,with 24 h exposure dose dependenty decreased S-phase population and increased G0 /G1 phase population of Tca8113 cells.Conclusion:4-AP may inhibit Tca8113 cell proliferation by regulation of the cell cycle distribution.

Objective To investigate the expression of the Kv3 .4 protein and Kv3 .4 mRNA in various stages of oral carcino‐genesis .Methods The expression of Kv3 .4 protein and Kv3 .4 mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry (SP method) and RT‐PCR technique respectively in the oral carcinogenesis of SD rat which were induced by 4NQO .Results With the aggravation of the epithelial dysplasia ,Kv3 .4 protein and Kv3 .4 mRNA expression increased gradually .They were strongly positive in oral squa‐mous cell carcinoma .Conclusion The expression of Kv3 .4 protein and Kv3 .4 mRNA levels increased consistently with the aggra‐vation of the epithelial dysplasia .

Objective:To investigate the expression of HERG1 and Kv3.4 in normal oral mucosa(NOM)and oral lichen planus (OLP).Methods:20 OLP and 1 6 NOM specimens were collected and immunohistochemically stained(IHC)by SP method for the detection of HERG1 and Kv3.4 protein expression.Results:HERG1 and Kv3.4 were negative or weak-positive in the sapmles of bas-al layer of NOMand non-erosive OLP,but positive in basal layer,spinous layer and granular layer of erosive OLP.The expression of HERG1 and Kv3.4 was higher in OLP than in NOM tissues (P <0.05);and higher in erosive OLP than in non-erosive OLP(P <0.05).In OLP HERG1 expression was positively related to Kv3.4(P <0.05).Conclusion:HERG1 and Kv3.4 may be related to the development of OLP.

Objective To study the expression of vimentin in the tongue mucosa carcinogenesis and to explore its significance in the invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma .Methods The occurrence of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in rat was induced by means of 4NQO water solution ,and 56 cases in total were collected in the cancerous process ,including normal tongue mucosa ,epithelial hyperplasia ,mild dysplasia ,moderate dysplasia ,severe dysplasia and the tongue tissue specimen of squa‐mous cell carcinoma .The immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate protein expression and real‐time fluorescent quantitative PCR method was used to obtain the expression quantity of mRNA .Results In immunohistochemistry ,with the increase of degree of rat tongue mucosa dysplasia ,the positive rate of vimentin expression increases obviously .The difference between groups was statistical‐ly significant (χ2 =10 .685 ,P<0 .05) .Lesion groups compared with normal group ,their mRNA expression differences all hold sta‐tistical significance(P<0 .05);Mild dysplasia ,moderate dysplasia ,severe dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma groups were com‐pared with epithelial hyperplasia group .The difference between squamous cell carcinoma group and epithelial hyperplasia group was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .mRNA expression of epithelial hyperplasia ,mild dysplasia ,moderate dysplasia and severe dys‐plasia were respectively 1 .22 times ,1 .28 times ,1 .29 times and 1 .42 times of that of the normal group .Conclusion During rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4NQO ,the expression of vimentin was increased with the increase of the degree of pathological change ,which is closely related to the invasion of tumor and could be regarded as a predictor of tongue squamous cell carcinoma .

Patients with burning mouth syndrom(BMS,n =12)and patients with wisdom tooth removal(controls,n =9)were included. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to quantify P2X3 receptor expression in lingual nerve fibres.A pain history and score were recorded on a visual analogue scale(VAS)prior to obtaining a lingual biopsy.The value of P2X3 receptor positive fibres in BMS and control subjects was 0.56 ±0.29 and 0.15 ±0.06 respectively(P <0.001).There was no significant correlation between P2X3 and VAS scores(R2 =0.012).Increased P2X3 may play a role in BMS but not correlated with the VAS score.

Objective To evaluate the expression of epithelial cadherin (E-cad) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PC-NA) in various stages of tongue carcinogenesis and explore its relevance.Methods SP immunohistochemical method was employed to detect the expression of E-cad and PCNA protein in 82 rat tongue carcinogenesis specimens which induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide(4NQO).Chi square test for trend and the spearman correlation were used to analysis the correlation between E-cad and PC-NA.Results In normal mucosa,epithelial hyperplasia,mild dysplasia,severe dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma,the positive rate of E-cad were 100％,95.24％,92.86％,80％,68.75％,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);The positive rate of PCNA were 9.52%,14.29%,35.71%,50%,56.25%,the difference were statistically significant(x2 =16.676,P＜0.05).The expression of E-cad and PCNA has negative correlation(r=-0.614,P＜0.01).Conclusion E-cad and PCNA may be one of the biomarkers of carcinogenesis of tongue mucosa.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the expression of cytokeratin 19(CK19) and connexin 43(Cx43) in various stages of oral carcinogenesis and investigate the relationship of CK19 and Cx43 in the process of oral cancer.

METHODS4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO) was used to induce oral carcinogenesis in the mucosa of SD rats and immunohistoche-mical technique was used to study the expression of CK19 and Cx43 in various stages of oral carcinogenesis.

RESULTSThe CK19 positive staining were distributed in the basal cell layer in the normal rat lingual mucosa. While CK19 positive staining were distributed in cytoplasm of supra-basal layers in the mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia and severe dysplasia. In oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) tissue, CK19 were expressed in all the stratum of epithelium. The positive rate of CK19 in normal, mild, moderate, severe dysplasia and OSCC tissues were respectively 30.00%, 50.00%, 58.33%, 80.00%, and 91.67%. With the lesions getting worse, the positive rate and the intensity of CK19 raised significantly (P<0.05). In normal tongue mucosa, Cx43 proteins were mainly expressed in the membrane of the epithelial cells of the rat tongue. It was weakly positive in the basal cell layer, increased in the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum, and negative in the stratum corneum. Compared with normal epithelia, the expression of Cx43 in dysplastic and OSCC epithelia decreased significantly. The positive rate of Cx43 in normal, mild, moderate, severe dysplasia and OSCC tissues were respectively 100.00%, 85.71%, 66.67%, 40.00%, and 33.33%. The expression of Cx43 was significantly decreased with severity increasing (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of CK19 protein significantly increases with the development of rat tongue carcinoma, suggesting that CK19 is associated with carcinogenesis. The expression of Cx43 protein dramatically decrease with the development of rat tongue carcinoma, suggesting that the abnormal expression of Cx43 protein is associated with oral mucosa carcinoma origination. The expression of CK19 and Cx43 has negative correlation. Combined detection of CK19 and Cx43 has an important role in the early diagnosis of OSCC and can help to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the early diagnosis of OSCC.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Connexin 43 ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Keratin-19 ; Keratins ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Oxides ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tongue ; Tongue Neoplasms

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of the study is to investigate the mechanism of immune escape and the expression of Fas and Fas L in oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).

METHODS64 samples, including normal oral mucosa(7), hyperkeratosis(9), premalignant lesions(24) and squamous cell carcinomas(24), were studied. The cells in the test specimens, which demonstrate granular staining, were considered as positive. The expression of Fas and Fas L was evaluated semi-quantitatively as follows: -, no expression; + (mild), < 5% positive cells; ++ (moderate), 6%-25% positive cells; +++ (intense), 26%-50% positive cells; or ++++ (very intense), > 50% positive cells.

RESULTSIn the process of oral carcinogenesis, each stage had Fas expression. The positive staining appeared essentially on cell membrane. Various degrees of Fas expression were seen in the diseased tissues. The number of positively stained cells in the moderately and severely dysplastic tissues appeared higher than that in the normal control (P < 0.05). In the OSCC group, the level of expression of Fas antigen decreased significantly by comparison with the normal controls (P < 0.05). Fas L expression was discovered in each stage of the process of oral carcinogenesis. The positive staining appeared in cytoplasm. In hyperkeratotic tissues and OPLs, the number of Fas L expression cells was significantly higher than that in the normal controls. The number of Fas L expression cells of OSCCs increased by comparison with both normal controls and OPLs.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the expression of Fas and Fas L is involved in oral carcinogenesis and this may be directly related to the mechanism by which the cancer cells evade the host immune assault. Perhaps, Fas/Fas L system may be used as a prognostic biomarker in predicting the behavior of oral premalignant lesions in the near future.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; metabolism ; Double-Blind Method ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Mouth Mucosa ; pathology ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Precancerous Conditions ; metabolism ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; fas Receptor ; biosynthesis ; genetics