Objective To evaluate the role of orexin in the sleep disorder after isoflurane anesthesia in rats.Methods Sixty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 10-12 weeks,weighing 280-320 g,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =32 each) using a random number table:control group (C) and isoflurane group (Ⅰ).Group Ⅰ inhaled 1.2％ isoflurane from 8:00 to 13:30 to induce anesthesia,followed by 0.5 h of recovery.Group C received no anesthesia and the other procedures were similar to those previously described in group Ⅰ.The induction time and awakening time were recorded.Eight rats were randomly chosen to record the movement condition (locomotor time and activity) from 14:00 to 8:00 the next morning.Before beginning of anesthesia,at 4 h after beginning of anesthesia,and at 4 and 10 h after the end of anesthesia,6 rats were randomly chosen in each group to count the orexin/c-fos double-labeled neurons in hypothalamus.The ratio of activated orexin neurons (orexin/c-fos double-labeled neurons to orexin positive neurons) was calculated and plasma orexin-A concentration was detected.Results The induction time was (2.14 ± 0.17) min,awakening time was (8.7 ± 0.5) min,and EEG showed that there was no typical burst and suppression patterns in group Ⅰ.There was no significant difference in the number of orexin positive neurons between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group C,the time for locomotor activity was significantly prolonged,and the activity was increased during the night (P ＜ 0.01),the number of activated neurons,ratio of activated orexin neurons and plasma orexin-A concentration were decreased at 4 h after beginning of anesthesia in group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.01).The plasma orexin-A concentration was lower at 4 h after beginning of anesthesia,while higher at 10 h after the end of anesthesia than before beginning of anesthesia in group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.05).The number of activated neurons was significantly larger and ratio of activated orexin neurons was higher before beginning of anesthesia and at 10 h after the end of anesthesia and the plasma orexin-A concentration was higher at 4 and 10 h after the end of anesthesia than at 4 h after beginning of anesthesia in group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion The development of sleep disorder after isoflurane anesthesia during the day time in rats is related to the regulatory role of orexin in it.

The approach of stem cell transplantation to treat different types of diseases has been becoming a hot issue in the field of regenerative medicine.Potentially, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) possess strong proliferation and multi-di-rection differentiation ability .Under special certain kind of induction circumstances , BMMSCs can trans-differentiate into myocardial cells, osteoblasts, fat cells, neurons, endothelial cells.It is difficult that how to obtain enough BMMSCs for basic and clinical studies using BMMSCs treating diseases .Currently , there are many methods of in vitro proliferation of BMMSCs with advantages and disadvan -tages.In this paper, an overview of BMMSCs proliferation strategy in vitro is provided .

[Abstract ] Objective Liver cirrhosis modeling with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) may be influenced by many factors, such as drug concentration and dosing methods.In this article, we explored the influences of different concentrations and different dosing methods and time of CCL4 on the induction of liver cirrhosis in rats. Methods We constructed rat models of liver cirrhosis with different con-centrations of CCL4(30%and 50%), using different dosing methods (subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal injection, and intragastric administration) , and for different lengths of dosing time (8 wk, 10 wk, and 12 wk) .We collected blood and liver tissues from the rats at different time points for HE and MTC staining, biochemical and histomorphological scores based on the Scoring Model for Liver Cirrho-sis Disease (SLCD, expressed by R) and the Laennec Fibrosis Scoring System (LFSS, expressed by L), and analysis of the results by 3 ×2 ×3 factorial experiment design. Results The R value was lower in the intraperitoneal injection than in the subcutaneous injection and intragastric administration groups, and so was it in the 50% than in the 30%CCL4 group, decreasing with the extending of dosing time, with statistically significant differences in the main effects ( P<0.05) as well as a remarkable correlation among drug concentrations, dosing methods, and dosing time (P<0.05).The L value was higher in the intraperitoneal injection than in the subcutaneous injection and intra-gastric administration groups, and so was it in the 50% than in the 30% CCL4 group and in the 12 wk than in the 10 wk and 8 wk groups, with statistically significant differences in the main effects ( P<0.05) but no remarkable correlation among drug concentrations, dosing methods, and dosing time ( P>0.05) .The death rate showed an increasing trend in the intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection and intragastric administration of 30% CCL4 (25.33%, 37.78%, and 38.37%) and 50% CCL4 (42.97%, 47.85%, and 51.88%), higher in the 50%than in the 30%CCL4 .However, no significant differences were found in the survival curves among differ-ent dosing methods or between different drug concentrations (P>0.05). Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection was better than subcu-taneous injection and intragastric administration of CCL4 in inducing liver cirrhosis, and the three dosing methods all showed progressively improved efficiency of modeling with the increase of drug concentration and dosing time.

Objective: To compare the difference of infrared radiation temperature on body surface of points between healthy people and patients with hyperplasia of mammary glands. Method: The thermaCATMT P30 infrared thermal imaging system was selected to measure the infrared radiation temperature on body surface of eight points in four meridians in 74 patients with hyperplasia of mammary glands and 63 healthy people. Results: The infrared radiation temperatures on body surface of right Youmen (KI 21) in cases with hyperplasia of mammary glands were significantly higher than the healthy people (P=0.009), and the infrared radiation temperatures on left Youmen (KI 21) and other points had no significant difference with healthy people (P>0.05). Conclusion: The infrared radiation temperatures on body surface of right Youmen (KI 21) have significant differences with healthy people. This might occur because of the pathogenesis of hyperplasia of mammary glands and of the specificity of the point Youmen (KI 21).

Background/Aims: Older adults are vulnerable to central obesity, while the association of changes in central fatness with risk of diabetes and metabolic control has not been investigated among this particular population. This study was aimed to address these issues. Methods: A total of 1,815 adults aged ≥ 60 years without diabetes at baseline were followed for 4 years. Incident diabetes was ascertained based on plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, medical history, and/or the use of anti-diabetic drugs. Central fatness was assessed by waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WHtR), and body roundness index (BRI). Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of changes in central fatness with risk of diabetes, along with dose-response and mediation analyses. Results: During the 4-year follow-up, 177 participants developed diabetes. The risk of diabetes was increased by 42%, 41%, and 40% per 1 standard deviation increases in WC, WHtR, and BRI, respectively, in multivariable-adjusted models (all p < 0.01). Moreover, these relationships were all linearly-shaped (all pnonlinearity ≥ 0.11). Increases in WC, WHtR, and BRI correlated with increases in hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides-and-glucose index, triglycerides, white blood cell, and C-reactive protein (all p ≤ 0.04). Yet only changes in hemoglobin A1c and triglycerides-and-glucose index were identified as the possible mediators for risk of diabetes, with their mediating effect being about 35% and 21%, respectively. Conclusions Increases in central fatness were related to elevated risk of diabetes, and this association might be partly explained by the worsening of glycemic control and insulin resistance in older adults.

PURPOSE: In our previous studies we showed that upregulating claudin-6 (CLDN6) expression may contribute to preventing breast cancer, and that 17beta-estradiol induces a concentration- and time-related effect on CLDN6 mRNA and protein expression in MCF-7 cells. However, the mechanisms of 17beta-estradiol regulation of CLDN6 are still unclear. We determined the role of estrogen receptors in the regulation of CLDN6 expression in human breast cancer tissues and a cell line. METHODS: CLDN6, estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) expression in breast cancer tissues were examined using immunohistochemistry. The human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, which expresses ERalpha but not ERbeta was used. CLDN6 and ERalpha expression were measured by reverse transcriptase-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Treatments with propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) and ICI 182, 780 (ICI) were performed. RESULTS: The results revealed that CLDN6 expression was related to ERalpha in breast cancer tissues (p=0.033). PPT, an ERalpha-selective ligand, upregulated CLDN6 expression at 10-5 mol/L after 24 hours. The effect of PPT on regulating CLDN6 expression in MCF-7 cells was blocked by ICI. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that Eralpha reulates CLDN6 expression in breast cancer tissues and that 17beta-estradiol induces CLDN6 expression through an ERalpha pathway in MCF-7 cells.
Blotting, Western ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Line ; Claudins ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; MCF-7 Cells ; Pyrazoles ; Receptors, Estrogen ; RNA, Messenger ; Tight Junctions

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of autologous nanofat combined with pearl fat transplantation in comprehensive improvement of lacrimal groove depression.Methods:Seventy-eight patients (age ranges from 28 to 56 years, with average 38 years) who desired for lacrimal groove improvement were involved in this study from Jan. 2019 to Jun. 2020 in the Department of Plastic Surgery in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Primary fat tissue was obtained and purified by liposuction. Nanofat and pearl fat were prepared and injected into lacrimal groove area in different layers and multiple points evenly to ameliorate depression. Visual analogue scoring (VAS) was used for evaluating injection pain. Dark eye circles, faint lines on lower eyelid, color spots and lacrimal groove depression between pre-operation pictures and post-operation pictures of 1 year follow-up were evaluated by patients＇ satisfaction scores.Results:All 78 patients revealed mild swelling and disappeared in 3 to 4 days. Injection areas were stable in 3 months. All patients appeared no complications such as infection, hematoma, fat liquefaction, local induration and so on. Among 78 patients, 2 patients showed ecchymosis after surgery which disappeared in 10 days, and 1 patient showed uneven appearance which disappeared after timely treatment. After 1 year of follow-up, the average satisfaction score of improvement was 8.9±0.5, which showed satisfied post-operative effect.Conclusions:Autologous nanofat combined with pearl fat transplantation has high feasibility, short operation time, which could achieve good effect of facial rejuvenation with high patients＇ satisfaction. In this case, this technique is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of facial depression correction by using free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap and human acellular dermal matrix.Methods:Nineteen facial depression patients (3 males and 16 females), age ranges from 16 to 56 years (average age: 29.1±10.37 years), caused by different reasons were selected in this research from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2020. In the stage I operation, anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap was designed according to facial depression area and harvested to fill in the depression with vascular anastomosis; In the stage II operation, the human acellular dermal matrix was used to fill in the remained depression edge according to facial subunit.Results:All free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap survived well. All patients revealed fascial subunit tissue atrophy of different degree in infraorbital, nasolabial sulcus and temporal areas which were repaired by using cellular dermal matrix and obtained satisfying effect during 1 to 8 years of follow-up with no obvious rejection. 18 of 19 patients showed flap hypertrophy and corrected by liposuction. All patients recovered well after 1 to 8 years of follow-up.Conclusions:Humana cellular dermal matrix could make up the limitations of treating fascial depression deformity when using anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap. The combination method of above approaches could obtain satisfying clinical effect, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To compare the pros and cons of harvesting ear cartilage through anterior and posterior auricular approaches during rhinoplasty.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2018, 63 patients with otochondral rhinoplasty in our hospital were enrolled in this study, 60 were female and 3 were male; the average age was 31.6 years (range, 18 to 43) . They were randomly divided into anterior auricular approach group with 32 cases (64 sides) and posterior auricular approach group with 31 cases (62 sides). Surgical duration, complications and postoperative scar of the two methods were analyzed.Results:The average time for harvesting the ear cartilage through posterior auricular approach and anterior auricular approach was (20.8±1.7) min and (12.6±1.1) min, respectively ( P<0.01). The overall complication rate was 15.6% for posterior auricular approach group and 4.8% for anterior auricular approach group. The wound healed well in both groups, and there was no significant difference in postoperative scar between the two groups during an average 13 months follow-up period. Conclusions:While both the anterior and the posterior auricular approaches present with similar inconspicuous scarring, the use of anterior auricular approach alone to harvest ear cartilage during rhinoplasty provides both the surgeons and the patients with easier access, shorter surgical duration, and fewer complications. Hence, we believe that the anterior auricular approach possesses greater advantages than the posterior auricular approach.