As a kind of common means of ornaments of language and way of thinking, metaphor is omnipresent in Forensic medicine terms. Therefore, to know some knowledge about the silhouetted and beautified function of metaphor is more indispensable in understanding the difficult and even frightened terms owing to the disserted characteristic of Forensic medicine.

BACKGROUND: Continuous oxygen inhalation of high concentration may improve antioxidase and simultaneously injure the lung in rats.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of intermittent high concentration oxygen on antioxidase activity and pulmonary tissue in rats.DESIGN: Complete randomized control experiment.SETTING: Department of Geriatric Cardiology and Department of Biochemistry, General Hospital of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen of Navy General Hospital and Department of Biochemistry of General Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2002 to May 2002, in which, 10 healthy Wister rats were employed, mass weighted varied from 200 to 250 g, of either sex and randomized into two groups, 5 rats in each.METHODS: In the control, the rats were bred in the room environment for 7 days. In hyperoxic preconditioning (HP) group, the rats were placed in hyperbaric oxygen chamber and inhaled oxygen of 80％ to 85％ (101. 325 kPa) everyday for 6 hours, continuously for 7 days. At the end of experiment, the lung was collected to measure lung wet mass. 0.4 g pulmonary tissue was collected to prepare homogenate in freezing bath and its upper clear solution was collected to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GTTP) and catalase with chemiluminescence method successively. Pulmonary tissue was fixed with 30 g/L glutaradldehyde and prepared into sections to be observed the microstructure of lung under electron microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of lung wet mass and activities of SOD, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in pulmonary tissue in two groups. ② Alternation on microstructure of pulmonary tissue.RESULTS: Ten rats were all entered result analysis. ① Activities of SOD,GTTP and catalase in pulmonary tissue: Those in HP group were all higher remarkably than the control [(185.10±1.92) ％/g, (90.50±4.17) nkat/g,(4.38±0.18) k/g; (95.15±1.43) ％/g, (20.17±2.17) nkat/g, (1.10±0.19) K/g,t= -84.016, -33.488, -28.023, P ＜ 0.01]. ② Lung wet mass: That in HP group was near to the control [(1.32±0.07), (1.30±0.03) g, P ＞ 0.05], explaining that the fluid in the lung of HP group was not increased. ③ Microstructure of pulmonary tissue: In HP group, the basement membrane of pulmonary tissue was integrative and thickness was even, vascular endothelial cell was integrative and Ⅰ-type epithelial cell was not destroyed.CONCLUSION: Intermittent high concentration oxygen improves antioxidase activity in the lung of rat and does not injure the lung obviously.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of KAI1/CD82 and E-Cadherin in human squamous cervical carcinoma.Methods The expressions of KAI1/CD82 and E-Cadherin were examined respectively by immunohistochemical S-P method in 10 cases of normal cervical tissue,15 cases of atypical hyperplasia of cervical epithelia and 64 cases of squamous cervical carcinoma.We analyzed statistically the correlation between the immunohistochemical results and the clinicopathological features.Results From normal cervical tissue,Cervical intraepithelial neoplasis(CIN) to cervical cancer,the positive expression rates of KAI1/CD82 and E-Cadherin were gradually decreased.Through statistic test,the positive expression rates of both invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix were significantly lower in normal cervical tissue and CIN(P0.05).Of all the samples,direct correlation was showed in the expressions of KAI1/CD82 and E-Cadherin.Furthermore,the low-expression of both revealed significant correlation with lymphonode metastasis in human squamous cervical carcinoma.Conclusion KAI1/CD82 and(E-Cadherin) interactions may depress lymphonode metastasis in cervical carcinoma.Logistic analysis reveals that(E-Cadherin) gene,specific and interactions of several genes may be more significant during tumor metastasis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical feature and antimicrobial susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia nosocomial infection or colonization,so as to give guidence of preventing and treating of it.METHODS The clinical and laboratory data of 128 cases with S.maltophilia nosocomial infection or colonization from Jan 1998 to Aug 2006 were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTS Of the total 128 strains,94.5% were isolated from lower respiratory tract and 68.8% were colonization.All of the strains,88.3% were isolated from intensive care unit,97.7% had the invasive operation,100% had the serious underlying diseases and 100% once applied the broad spectrum antibiotics,S.maltophilia was multi-drug resistant,its resistance rate to gentamicin,tobramycin,amikacin,cefepime,ceftazidine,ceftriuxone,imipenem,aztreonam,piperacillin were 92.2%,87.5%,82.0%,79.5%,55.1%,93.7%,99.2%,97.7% and 73.4% respectively.CONCLUSIONS The most of infections are in lower respiratory tract and the pathogens were colonized.The independent risk factor is staying in the ICU and another is treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics,especially used carbapenems.The S.maltophilia isolates are multi-drug resistant.ICU environment disinfection and the medical appliance sterilization,staff′s aseptic consciousness,the standardized operation and the reasonable antibiotics application are the effective actions for reducing S.maltophilia nosocomial infection or colonization.

Objective To study the expression of a novel inhibitor of apptosis and survivin in cervical carcinoma and its relationship to the expression of Bcl-2.Methods Using SP immunohistochemical technique, we examined the expression of survivin and Bcl-2 in 59 cervical invasive squamous cell carcinomas.Results Survivin was expressed in 41 of 59 cases(69.5%) of cervical carcinomas. In contrast, no expression of survivin in normal cervical tissues was observed. Overexpression of survivin was related to the tumor grade and clinical stage. Survivin positive cases were strongly associated with Bcl-2 expression(80% versus 35.7%;P＜0.005).Conclusion Apoptosis inhibition by survivin abnormal expression, alone or in cooperation with Bcl-2, may participate in the onset and progression of cervical carcinoma. Survivin is a new diagnostic/therapeutic target in cervical cancer.

Objective To investigate the significance of overexpression of P53 and bcl-2 protein in carcinogenesis of cervix. Methods 10 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasis(CIN) and 57 cases of invasive cancer were investigated with immunohistochemistry technique. Results The overexpresion of P53 protein in CIN and cervical cancer was significantly higher than that of control, respectively (P＜0.01). But there was no significant difference between CIN and cervical cancer(P＞0. 05). The immunoreactivity of bcl-2 in CIN was much more higher than that of control (P＜0.05). The positive rate and immunoreactivity of bcl-2 in cervical carcinoma were both remarkably higher than those of control (P＜0. 01) ,but there was no significant difference between CIN and cervical carcinoma (P＞0. 05). It was also found that there was a remarkably positive correlation between the overexpression of bcl-2 and P53 (P＜0.01). Conclusion Because of the loss of wtP53 function,the expression of bcl-2 can not be down-reguated,which is associated with the pathogenesis and development of cervical carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the expression of carbohrdyate antigen (CA153 ) and carcinoembryanic antigen(CEA) ,and itsclinical significance in the patients with breast cancer.Methods The sera CA153,CEA levels were determined by IMX in 30 healthypersons,52 patients with benign breast diseases and 208 patients with breast cancer from 1998 to 2002 ,the correlation between the CA153,CEA level and the clinical characteristics was also detected.Results In the patients with breast cancer, the level of serum CA153 and CEA was significant higher in pre-treatment than that in post-treatment(P

Objective To study Curcumine's growth-inhibitory effects and morphological changes on sarcoma grafts of S180 mice,with further inquiry into the possible mechanism.Methods A total of 30 cases of S180 mice were assigned randomly into 3 groups: saline group(blank control),CTX group(positive controlled) and Curcumine group.① The anti-tumor effect on internal organ of mice was observed to study the tumor inhibition rate in different groups.② Influence of curcumine on mice's immune system was studied by comparing the index of thymus and spleen.③ The growth and patho-morphologic changes of tumor cells were observed.④To calculate the index of apoptosis cells and observe the morphological changes of all groups' apoptosis cells under electroscope.Results ① The inhibitory rate was 68.32% in the curcumine group,70.43% in the positive controlled group.Compared to blank control group, these two groups had significantly elevated tumor inhibition rate(P0.05);however,positive thymus index in control group had significant decrease compared with that in the other two groups(P0.05).③ Under electroscope,curcumine group and positive control group had significant decrease in growth of tumor,degree of tumor infiltration,number of nucleus fission,and blood vessel number compared to those in negative control group(P

Objective To investigate the isolation and drug resistance change trend of pathogens isolated from ce-rebrospinal fluid (CSF)of neurosurgical patients in Beijing Tian Tan Hospital.Methods Pathogens and antimicro-bial susceptibility of pathogens from CSF specimens of neurosurgical patients from August 1997 to August 2013 were analyzed.Results A total of 2 732 isolates of pathogens were detected,gram-positive and gram-negative bacte-ria accounted for 71 .23% (n = 1 946 )and 28.77% (n =786 )respectively.The top three isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp .(n =1 751 ,64.09%),Acinetobacter spp .(n =254,9.30%),and Enterococcus spp .(n =172,6.30%).Gram-positive bacteria were the major isolated pathogens,detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS ) was 74.34% and 80.73% respectively;gram-negative bacteria increased gradually in recent years.All Staphylococcus spp .isolates were highly sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid(>90%).The overall antimicrobial susceptibility rate of gram-negative bacteria decreased,susceptibility rates of Acinetobacter spp .to imipenem and meropenem was 51 % and 44% respectively.Conclusion The major pathogens causing intracranial infection in neurosurgical patients are gram-positive bacteria,the detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS are high;gram-negative bacteria,especially extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter spp .shows an increasing tendency in recent years.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical distribution and drug resistance of extended-spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs) producing Enterobacter cloacae.METHODS The clinical distribution and drug resistance of 73 strains of E.cloacae and ESBLs producing E.cloacae identified in our hospital from Jan 2002 to Jan 2004 were analyzed.RESULTS Among them,the highest detectable rate was in respiratory department and from phlegm specimen.No ESBLs producing E.cloacae and non-(ESBLs) were resistant to imipenem;no non-ESBLs were resistant to cefepime,but some ESBLs producing E.cloacae was resistant to it;all ESBLs producing E.cloacae and non-(ESBLs) were resistant to ceftriaxone and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.CONCLUSIONS E.cloacae is one of the(commonest) pathogens in nosocomial infection,and ESBLs producing E.cloacae has a high detectable rate,its drug resistance has increased;the clinic should choose antimicrobial agents rationally according to drug sensitive tests in vitro.