OBJECTIVE:To introduce the concept of evidence-based medicine and pharmacoeconomics to the pharmacists so as to promote rational use of drugs METHODS:The evidence-based medicine was described in detail concerning the fundamental,procedure,actions,limitations and directive function to hospital,and in comparison with the advanced level of pharmacoeconomics in foreign countries,the pharmacoeconomics in China was analyzed in respect of the developing history,research scope,personnel training,monograph and periodicals and the quantity and quality of research work RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The evidence-based medicine and pharmacoeconomics are still in starting period in China,however,after entering WTO,they have proved to be important day by day and will greatly improve the level of rational use of drugs in our country

OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of different doses of naloxone on focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and to explore its mechanism.METHODS:The rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group,the model group,the naloxone group(high dosage,moderate dosage,and low dosage)and the positive control group.The modified Longa method was applied to establish the models of focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats.Infarct size,neurological deficit scores,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,malondialdehyde(MDA)content in serum of the model rats were detected.The ultrastructures of the brain tissues were observed by electron microscopy.RESULTS:Ischemia reperfusion injury in model rats resulted in increased neurological deficit scores,larger infarct size,decreased activity of SOD in serum and increased content of MDA.The pathological change and ultrastructural change were evident.The above indices were improved in all the groups administered with different doses of naloxone.CONCLUSIONS:Naloxone has protective effects on rat brain injury caused by focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion,whose mechanism might be related to inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

ABSTRACT:Objective To compare the prognostic value of cystatin-C (Cys-C)and creatinine (Cr)in chronic heart failure (CHF)in old people.Methods We recruited 183 old patients (>75 years)diagnosed with CHF hospitalized at the Department of Cardiology and the Department of Geriatrics of our hospital from 2010 to 2012. Venous blood was withdrawn to detect the expressions of Cys-C and Cr.After three-year follow-up,the patients’ three-year survival was recorded.Logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship of Cys-C,Cr and other risk factors with the CHF patients’mortality.ROC curve was used to compare the prognostic value of Cys-C and Cr in CHF in old people and statistical method was adopted to analyze the combined use of Cys-C and Cr for determining their value in evaluating CHF prognosis.Results At the end of the follow-up,74 (40.44%)patients died.Serum cys-C and Cr levels of the patients in death group increased compared with those in survival group (P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (OR=1.11,95% CI=1.04-1.19),SBP (OR=1.06,95%CI=1.01-1.10),LVEF (OR=0.89,95% CI=0.82-0.95),BNP (OR=4.74,95% CI=1.77-12.69), creatinine (OR=2.04,95% CI=1.03-4.08),and Cys-C (OR=2.97,95% CI=1.44-6.12)were the independent risk factors for the prognosis of CHF.ROC analysis showed that Cys-C was superior to creatinine in AUC value (0.71 vs.0.65;95% CI,0.64-0.78;95% CI,0.58-0.72)(P<0.001).The AUC value of Cys-C and Cr in combination was 0.73 (95% CI,0.66-0.79).Conclusion Cys-C is a stronger predictor of the prognosis of CHF patients than creatinine and the combination of the two can increase the sensitivity and specificity in evaluating the prognosis of patients with CHF.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of radiotherapy combing with super selective esophageal intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in advanced esophageal carcinoma. Methods 38 cases with medial or late stage of esophageal carcinoma wererandomly divided into two groups,the one group was treated with radiotherapy as the sole measure of treatment,while the other group was treated with radiotherapy combing with super selective esophageal intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy. All the patients were followed up within 3 to 24 months. Results In the most cases,the clinical symptoms and X-ray findings were improved obviously after treatment. But the rate of grade Ⅰof radiography was different obviously between two groups after different treatments.Conclusion Radiotherapy combing with interventional chemotherapy can increase drug concentration locally and therefore, has a better drug effect. On the other hand, it candecrease toxic reaction and can also decrease tumor volume effectively. So it can be a effective stratagem to those cases of locally advancedesophageal carcinoma which have poor reaction or severe radiotherapy reaction to merely radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of KAI1/CD82 and E-Cadherin in human squamous cervical carcinoma.Methods The expressions of KAI1/CD82 and E-Cadherin were examined respectively by immunohistochemical S-P method in 10 cases of normal cervical tissue,15 cases of atypical hyperplasia of cervical epithelia and 64 cases of squamous cervical carcinoma.We analyzed statistically the correlation between the immunohistochemical results and the clinicopathological features.Results From normal cervical tissue,Cervical intraepithelial neoplasis(CIN) to cervical cancer,the positive expression rates of KAI1/CD82 and E-Cadherin were gradually decreased.Through statistic test,the positive expression rates of both invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix were significantly lower in normal cervical tissue and CIN(P0.05).Of all the samples,direct correlation was showed in the expressions of KAI1/CD82 and E-Cadherin.Furthermore,the low-expression of both revealed significant correlation with lymphonode metastasis in human squamous cervical carcinoma.Conclusion KAI1/CD82 and(E-Cadherin) interactions may depress lymphonode metastasis in cervical carcinoma.Logistic analysis reveals that(E-Cadherin) gene,specific and interactions of several genes may be more significant during tumor metastasis.

OBJECTIVE:To introduce coordinate localization method as a new pharmaceutical care method to provide reference for rational use of drug in cancer patients. METHODS:The way that clinical pharmacists assisted physicians in prescribing for cancer patients with coordinate localization method was interpreted combining with examples. RESULTS:Coordinate localization method was conducive to rational use of drug in cancer patients and pharmacist’s self- quality construction. CONCLUSION:Coordinate localization method can effectively assist the doctor to prescribe rationally.

Silk fibroin (SF) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite powders were synthesized from CaO, H3PO4 and SF solution on the principle of neutralization. SF/HA porous materials were prepared through adding silk short fibers and NaCI particles as reinforcing material and pore-forming agent respectively by isostatic compaction. The structure and mechanical properties of the SF/HA porous materials were investigated. Results indicated that short silk fibers in it could markedly enhance flexural strength and flexural breaking energy. The average pore diameter and porosity could be regulated from 64 μm to183 pm and from 55% to 75% respectively by adding pore-forming agent.

Objective To investigate the influence of psychosocial factors to emotional disorder of tumor patients. Methods 76 patients with tumor and other 76 patients with tumor were including. All the patients themselves completed once through the following questionnaires: Symptom Check List (SCL-90),Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Life Event Scale (LES). However, Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety rating Scale (HAMA) were measured by the researchers. Results The occurrence rate of depression and anxiety in tumor patients was clearly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), while the negative life event increased. Conclusion The occurrence rate of the emotional disorder among tumor patients is clearly higher than the control group, which may be related with the negative life event.

OBJECTIVE:To compare clinical efficacy of Xiaoshi lidan capsules and Ursodeoxycholic acid capsules in the treat-ment of chronic cholesterol gallstone cholecystitis. METHODS:120 patients with chronic cholesterol gallstone cholecystitis in our hospital were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to random number table,with 60 cases in each group. Observation group was given Xiaoshi lidan capsules 1.2 g,po,tid(after the meal);control group was given Ursodeoxycholic acid capsules 250 mg,po,qd(after dinner). Both group received treatment for 6 months. Effective rate of litholysis were observed in 2 groups as well as abdominal pain score [PRI,VAS score,present pain intensity(PPI)],the thickness of gallbladder wall before and after treatment. Clinical efficacy and the occurrence of ADR were compared between 2 groups during treatment. RESULTS:3 pa-tients withdrew from the observation group and 1 patient withdrew from the control group. Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in PRI,VAS score,PPI and the thickness of gallbladder wall between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,above index-es of 2 groups were decreased significantly,while PRI,VAS score and PPI in observation group was significantly lower than in con-trol group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The effective rate of litholysis (64.91%) in observation group was significantly lower than in control group (79.67%),with statistical significance (P<0.05). Total effective rate of observation group (57.89%) was slightly higher than that of control group(54.24%),without statistical significance(P>0.05). There was no statistical signifi-cance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Xiaoshi lidan capsules are similar to Ursodeoxycholic acid capsules in clinical efficacy for chronic cholesterol gallstone cholecystitis with good safety,and can be used as optional drug ex-cept for chronic cholesterol gallstone cholecystitis.

Objective To observe the effect of motor nerve baby-sitting and different babysitting stages on nerve regeneration in nerve root re-implantation for brachial plexus avulsion injury.Methods Twenty-four SD rats were used to induce the brachial plexus avulsion injury.C5-7 roots were avulsed and C6 anterior root was re-implanted to the spine cord via a posterior approach.Branches erupting from C6 and the branches affiliated to the musculocutaneous nerve were cut away via an anterior approach.Re-implanted C6 anterior root was connected singly with musculocutaneous nerve.After that,the end of one branch of medial pectoral nerve was sutured to the lateral musculocutaneous nerve.The animal was divided into persistence motor nerve baby-sitting group (Group A,n =12) and protophase motor nerve baby-sitting group (Group B,n =12) according to the random number table.Electrophysiological evoked potential,muscle wet weight and muscle fiber cross-sectional area were measured at postoperative 2 and 3 months.Results At postoperative 2 and 3 months,the restoration rates of motor evoked potential in Group A [(12.2 ± 3.3) ％ and (15.1 ± 3.5) ％] revealed significant differences from these in Group B [(30.1 ±4.2)％ and (54.8 ±9.6)％] (P ＜0.01),the restoration rates of muscle wet weight in Group A [(75.9 ± 5.3) ％ and (92.7 ± 8.6) ％] were similar with (76.4 ± 7.3) ％ and (94.3 ± 4.4) ％ in Group B (P ＞ 0.05),and the restoration rates of muscle fibrin cross section area in GroupA [(74.4±5.5)％ and (88.5±7.5)％] were similar with (76.9±6.7)％ and (92.9± 3.5) ％ in Group B (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Motor nerve end-lateral baby-sitting can improve functional restoration of the skeletal muscle in the early stage after nerve root re-implantation,but prevent functional restoration of skeletal muscle in the late stge.On the contrary,protophase motor nerve babysitting avoid the inhibitory effect in the late stage,which gains better restoration rate of muscle motion evoked potential.