Although great achievement has been made on the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors,metastasis of tumor remains to be the major reason for treatment failure and death of their victims.The development of systematic biology and functional genomics give us a deeper understanding of the nature of metastasis at the molecular level.Based on the consensus reached on the metastasis mechanisms of cancer,including the genetic heterogeneity of cancer,pre-metastatic niche,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,anoikis resistance,angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis,etc,the targeted therapy at molecular level should be emphasized,the treatment should target the tumor stem cells,and RNAi technique and other techniques should be used in clinical anti-metastatic therapy.

Objective To explore the microsurgical skills and clinical value of endoscope-assisted transsphenoidal approach for middle and lower clival extension of pituitary adenomas. Methods The sublabial transseptal,transsphenoidal approach assisted by endoscope were applied in 16 cases which invasive middle and lower clivus.CT or/and MRI and pituitary hormones were detected after microsurgery. Results The tumor was achieved approximately total removal in 13 cases and subtotal removal in 3 cases.There were 8 functioning pituitary adenomas and the pituitary hormones decreased to normal level in 3 cases.PRL level decreased more than 80% in 4 cases and less than 80% in 1 cases. Conclusion Endoscope-assisted transsphenoidal approach for middle and lower clival extension of pituitary adenomas can achieve satisfactory effect.

Objective To report the microsurgical separation of the protruded cerebral tissue in the case of complex craniopagus twins and evaluate the role of the neuronavigation system in this operation Methods After the multiple bone flap were made,register again and then separate the cerebral tissue along the arachnoid plane under the guiding of the neuronavigation system(SNN) until the straight sinus was exposed Results The protruded cerebral hemisphere and cerebellar hemisphere of the twins were successfully separated Unfortunately,part of the occipital lobe of twin B(right) had to be removed because of the brain swelling Conclusion In the case of complicated craniopagus,the neuronavigation system is valuable in positioning the deep common sinus To separate the cerebral tissue along the arachnoid plane under surgical microscope can reduce the cerebral injury

Objective To study the criteria and technique of transsphenoidal microsurgery on pituitary adenoma invaded cavernous sinus Methods 42 patients with pituitary adenoma underwent 45 transsphenoidal operations Sellar base was opened as large as possible under C arm X ray fluoroscopy or neuronavigation monition Dura matter was cut open under microscope Tumors were removed through the direction and tunnel they in invade Bromocriptine was administered to those with little remains Partial remains and those have no response to bromocriptine were given radiotherapy Results No modality 21 tumors were nearly totally removed, 18 tumors were subtotally resected, 3 were partially resected MRI scanned in 2～3 months after the operation showed that 19 tumors disappeared, 20 tumors had little residul, 3 tumors partially remained Conclusion Pituitary adenomas invading the cavernous sinus with enlarged sella turcica and shown soft in MRI can be submitted to transsphenoidal operation Microsurgical technique can ease tumor removal and protection of the sellar and internal carotid artery

Objective:To determine whether the immortalized human odo nt oblast-like cell line hTERT-hOd-l has transformed phenotype. Methods: The tumorigenicity, anchorage-independent growth, serum dependence and contact inhibition of the immortalized human odontoblast-like cell line hTERT- hOd-l were observed during continuous culture in vitro. Results: The cells showed to be nontumorigenic in nude mice, and to have no anchorag e-independent growth. The cells maintained the normal serum dependence and cont act inhibition. Conclusion:hTERT-hOd-l is a normal cell line w ithout obvious transformed phenotype.

Objective To analyze the concentration, distribution and decreasing trend of niclosamide in soil through soil heaping mixed with niclosamide and the effect of Oncomelania control, and to explore the appropriate dosage for the 'heaping' method. Methods The soil samples were collected from six groups in Tezi township, Puge county, Sichuan Province, and the dosages were 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 and 0 g/m~2, respectively. After ultrasonic extraction, centrifugence and concentration, the samples were finally determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mortality rate of snails was observed after 3 days and 7 days. Results The standard error and range of niclosamide in soil were large. There was no significant difference in concentration of niclosamide between the surface layer and deep layer of soil (P>0.05). After 5 months, niclosamide still could be determined in groups of 4 g/m~2. The mortality rate of snails decreased as the concentration of niclosamide decreased (P<0.05). After 5 months, in the group of 4 g/m~2 dosage, the 3 and 7 days mortality rate of snails were 5.33% and 9.33% in the surface layer, higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The heaping method is an efficacious measure of controlling snails and its recommended dosage is 4 g/m~2.

Background and purpose: Herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP) is a new deubiquitinating enzyme that was recently discovered. It has been demonstrated that HAUSP could deubiquitinate p53 both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggested that HAUSP might act as a tumor suppressor through the stabilization of p53 protein. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of HAUSP in breast carcinoma, and its association with p53 protein as well as their relationship to prognosis. Methods: The expression of HAUSP mRNA was detected by real-time PCR. HAUSP protein and p53 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry with EnVision system in breast carcinoma tissues and noncancerous tissues. The relationship between their expressions and clinical pathological parameters were analyzed. Results: The expression of HAUSP mRNA was significantly lower in breast cancer tissue than noncancerous tissue (1.85±0.04 vs. 2.74±0.03, P<0.01). The positive rates of HAUSP protein were significantly lower in breast cancer tissue in noncancerous tissue (59.4% vs. 75.0%, P<0.01), and expression of HAUSP protein had no significant correlation with the clinical pathological parameters. There was no significant correlation between HAUSP and p53 protein (P>0.05). The expression of HAUSP mRNA was positively associated with that of HAUSP protein (P<0.01). There was no significant correlation between HAUSP and p53 protein. DFS of patients with both HAUSP positive and p53 negative was significant higher than the controls (P<0.01). Conclusion: Down-regulation of HAUSP protein and HAUSP mRNA in breast carcinoma indicated that HAUSP gene might correlated to tumor carcinogenesis. In addition, the simultaneous evaluation of both HAUSP expression and p53 expression status may be helpful to evaluate the prognosis of breast cancer patients.

Objective To study the relationship between M3 receptor and prostastic tumor by analyzing the expressions of M3 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in adult human normal and neoplastic prostatic gland tissue. Methods The specimens included 36 normal prostates(fresh),36 benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)tissue(fresh),and 36 cancer tissue(8 fresh).RT-PCR was used to detect M3 receptor,VEGPs genetic expression.At protein level,VEGF,Ms receptor,CD34 were detected by western-blot and immunohistochemical method. Results VEGF and M3 receptor's genetic expressions were higher in prostate cancer tissue(O.8354±0.1897,0.7824±0.2047)than in BPH tissue(0.6735±0.1603,0.6021±0.1637),while the expressions of these genes were lowest in normal prostate tissue(0.5425±0.1629,0.3436±0.1581)(P<0.001).There was a positive correlation between M3 and VEGFs gene expression(r=0.4999,P

AIM:To investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol on the expression of macrophage migration inhibi-tory factor ( MIF) in cultured endometrial stromal cells from endometriosis .METHODS:Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the endometrial stromal cells .The expression of MIF at mRNA and protein levels was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blotting .RESULTS:Elevated expression of MIF at mRNA and protein levels was observed in the cultured endom-etrial stromal cells treated with 17β-estradiol.In endometrial stromal cells from the women with endometriosis , the level of MIF up-regulation by 17β-estradiol was significantly higher than that in the cells from the women without endometriosis . CONCLUSION:Endometrial stromal cells from endometriosis are more sensitive to 17β-estradiol, which up-regulates the expression of MIF and contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of endometriosis .

Objective To analyze the results of assessment and authentication of malaria elimination of 7 county?level cities and districts in Changzhou City,Jiangsu Province,and explore the suitable monitoring methods for malaria after the elimination in this region,so as to provide the evidence for formulating and adjusting the malaria elimination strategies and measures. Meth?ods The data from the network reports of malaria epidemic situation,blood examinations of febrile patients,epidemiological questionnaires of malaria cases,investigation of epidemic focuses and disposal tables were collected and analyzed in Changzhou City from 2009 to 2014. The clinicians were assessed with the closed?book written examinations for their ability of the diagnosis and treatment of malaria. The inspection personnel were assessed by the microscopical examinations of Plasmodium. Totally 30 negative blood slides were reviewed. In the natural village where the last local case of malaria was located ,200 blood filter pa?pers were collected for gene detection of Plasmodium. Results From 2009 to 2014,145 malaria cases were reported in Chang?zhou City. Totally 170 638 febrile patients received blood detections for malaria,of which 137 cases were positive and the posi?tive rate was 0.08%. The majority of malaria cases were imported except 8 local malaria infection cases in 2009 and 2 local ma?laria infection cases in 2010. Four of seven county?level cities(districts)gained an average score of 20 points on the microscopi?cal examinations of Plasmodium. Liyang City got a minimum average score of 18.8 points. In capacity assessment of malaria diag?nosis and treatment,Liyang City gained the highest average score of 19.8 points,and Qishuyan District got the lowest average score of 18.0 points. The malaria elimination assessment scores of the 7 county?level cities(districts)were all above 93 points. Four county?level cities(districts)(Xinbei District,Wujin District,Liyang City,and Jintan City)carried out the active case detections. A total of 731 cases were detected and the results were all negative. Liyang City in 2012,Zhonglou District and Jin?tan City in 2013,Tianning District,Qishuyan District,Xinbei District and Wujin District in 2014,passed the malaria elimina?tion assessment at county(district)level,respectively. Conclusions All the 7 county?level cities(districts)of Changzhou City have passed the malaria elimination assessment at a high score. After the malaria elimination ,the monitoring should contin?ue to consolidate the achievements.