Objective: To investigate the delayed effect of liver injury and metabolism of dimethylformamide (DMF) after high exposures in rats. Methods: A total of 12 rats were randomly divided into four groups and 3 rats were in each group. Rats in 1d DMF+2 d delayed group were dosed for 1 day and rested for 2 days, and sacrificed at the 4th day. Rats in 3 d DMF group were dosed for 3 days and sacrificed at the 4th day. Rats in 3 d DMF+3 d delayed group were dosed for 3 days and rested for 3 days, and sacrificed at the 7th day. Rats in control group were administrated with water for 3 days, sacrificed at the 7th day. The administrated dose was 1 000 mg/kg (body weight·d) DMF by oral. The daily observation and body weight were recorded during the study period. After the experiment, the blood biochemistry, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) , lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) , alkaline phosphatase (ALP) , total bilirubin (TBIL) etc. were detected. Liver weight, kidney weight, liver/body ratio, kidney/body ratio and pathologic examination of liver and kidney were investigated. The concentrations of hemoglobin-adduct (NMHb) were detected. Results: During the period of 1~3 d, body weight growth rate of rats in each treated group had no significant difference with control rats. In the 4~6 th day of the period, rats in group 3 became thinner than before, and the body weight was negative growth (-4.22±3.29 g/d) and significant lower than that of control rats (10.33±3.21 g/d, F=30.07, P<0.05) . AST and LDH levels of 3 d DMF group were significant higher than control group (P<0.05) . Liver/body ratio in 3 d DMF+3 d delayed group were significant higher than control group (P<0.05) . The gross inspection showed 1 rat and 3 rats were observed liver injury in 3 d DMF group and 3 d DMF+3 d delayed group, respectively. Histopathological lesions of 1d DMF+2 d delayed group, 3 d DMF group and 3 d DMF+3 d delayed group were mainly spotty necrosis, focal necrosis and large necrosis of liver cells, respectively. Only NMHb level of control group was undetectable. NMHb levels in 3 d DMF+3 d delayed group were significantly higher than 3 d DMF group (F=135.46, P<0.05) . Conclusion The DMF-induced liver injury and DMF metabolism may be delayed after high DMF exposures in rats.

Objective　To investigate the efficacy and safety of ropinirole in treating Parkinson’s Disease （PD） by meta-analysis of clinical randomized controlled studies. Methods　The American national Library of medicine （Pubmed），Cochrane Library （Cochrane Library），Dutch medical literature database （Embase），CNKI （CNKI），wanfang knowledge service platform，and wiper journal network were searched by computer to search the relevant studies on the efficacy and safety of ropinello in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. The scores of the unified Parkinson’s disease assessment scale part Ⅱ （UPDRS Ⅱ），part Ⅲ （UPDRS Ⅲ） and the incidence of adverse events in each group were extracted. Cochrane risk bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature，and RevMan5.3 software was used for Meta analysis. Results　A total of 732 articles were found through computer database retrieval，and 12 RCT studies on the efficacy and safety of PD treatment with ropinero were finally included，including 1855 patients in the experimental group and 1486 patients in the control group. Results of meta-analysis showed that，compared with placebo group，the scores of UPDRS Ⅱ（MD -2.23，95%CI -2.82~-1.64，P<0.00001） and UPDRS Ⅲ（MD -4.93，95%CI -5.25~-4.61，P<0.00001） in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease in the ropinelo group were more significantly reduced in terms of drug efficacy. In terms of the incidence of adverse reactions，the incidence of dyspraxia （RR 3.67，95%CI 2.57~5.24，P<0.00001），dizziness （RR 1.85，95%CI 1.50~2.28，P<0.00001），nausea （RR 2.17，95%CI 1.81~2.59，P<0.00001），vomiting （RR 2.73，95%CI 1.47~5.09，P=0.001） and sleepiness （RR 2.19，95%CI 1.39~3.44，Both P=0.0007） were higher than those in the placebo group，with statistically significant differences. The incidence rates of headache （RR 1.14，95%CI 0.79~1.65，P=0.49），insomnia （RR 1.06，95%CI 0.72~1.55，P=0.17），postural hypotension （RR 1.35，95%CI 0.81~2.22，P=0.25） and constipation （RR 1.03，95%CI 0.71~1.50，P=0.87） were all lower than those of the placebo group，with no statistically significant difference. Conclusion　In this study，the method of meta-analysis showed that the improvement rate of daily living ability and motor function score of PD patients treated with ropinelol was significantly higher than that of patients receiving placebo. Ropinelol was well tolerated and safe，and most adverse reactions were related to peripheral dopaminergic activities.