Objective To study the feature of regional cerebral metabolism rate of glucose (rCMRglc) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the value of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in diagnosis of AD. Methods 13 AD patients and 13 health controls ,Who matched in age,sex and education years,were scanned with PET. Results (1) Watching by naked eyes,there was mild decreasing of rCMRglc at parietal lobe in healthy elders. While in AD patients,there was widely decreasing of cerebral metabolism rate of glucose. The most significant region was parietal lobe, the next was temporal lobe,and the last was frontal lobe. (2) Detecting with PET and dealing with statistical parametric mapping (SPM) of 99 software,there was more significant decreasing of rCMRglc in regions 7,23,30,31 of cingulate gyrus,region 39 and 40 of pario-occipital lobe,region 20 of temporal lobe and region 6,8,9 of frontal lobe in AD group( P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the features of regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by positron emission-tomography and its relationship with neuropsychological test.

METHODSPositron emission tomography, mini-mental state examination and Wechsler memory scale were applied in 10 patients with MCI and 10 healthy volunteers as the control group.

RESULTSScores of mini-mental state examination and Wechsler memory scale in MCI patients were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01). rCMRglc of the left orbital gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus and right putamen was lower in the MCI group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis in the MCI group indicated that rCMRglc of many brain regions such as the orbital gyrus, putamen, left hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, left amygdaloid body, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and medial occipitotemporal gyrus in MCI patients, were correlated negatively with age; while the rCMRglc of many parts of the brain such as the left putamen, temporal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, left insular lobe, amygdaloid body, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus and medial occipitotemporal gyrus were correlated positively with mini-mental state examination; and rCMRglc of the left putamen, temporal lobe, left insular lobe, precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus were correlated positively with Wechsler memory scale. The right putamen, the right inferior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and left postcentral gyrus were correlated positively with the length of education. However, only rCMRglc of the left amygdaloid body were correlated positively with gender.

CONCLUSIONThe rCMRglc was lower in the orbital gyrus and putamen of MCI patients. Their rCMRglc were correlated with their cognitive impairment severity, age, length of education and sex.

Aged ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cognition Disorders ; metabolism ; psychology ; Female ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Tomography, Emission-Computed

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of lymph node fine-needle aspiration (FNA)Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA concentration detection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cervical lymph node metastasis.Methods From August to December 2016,36 cases of NPC and 9 cases of other tumors (not correlated with EBV infection) were enrolled in this study at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.All patients received magnetic resonance images (MRI),plasma and cervical lymph node FNA EBV-DNA detection.Results The median concentration of EBV-DNA in FNA fluid (1.39 × 105 copies/ml) in cervical lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in plasma (2.00 × 103 copies/ml),with a significant difference (x2 =16.723,P =0.004).The diagnosis sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of the lymph node FNA fluid of EBV-DNA were 86.2％ (25/29),71.4％ (10/14) and 81.4％ (35/43) respectively,which were better than those of MRI [72.4％ (21/29),50.0％ (7/14) and 65.1％ (28/43) respectively] and plasma EBV-DNA [55.2％ (16/29),71.4％ (10/14) and 60.5％ (26/43) respectively].The area under the curve (AUC) of level Ⅰ b cervical lymph node metastasis was calculated,and FNA fluid EBV-DNA (AUC =0.688)was better than MRI (AUC =0.583),with a significant difference (Z =2.476,P =0.008).The EBV-DNA concentration in FNA fluid in cervical lymph node metastasis of patients with other tumors (no correlated with EBV infection) was 0 copy/ml.Conclusion FNA fluid EBV-DNA may improve the diagnostic sensitivity of cervical lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and help to explore the clinical target volume neck nodes at level Ⅰ b cervical lymph node in radiotherapy.

【Objective】 To analyze differences of eplets between the patient who generated HLA allele-specific antibodies after platelet transfusion with donors. 【Methods】 The HLA genotypes of the patient and donors were detected by PCR-SBT, and the Luminex single antigen beads coating was used to screen HLA-Ⅰ antibodies in the patient’s serum. HLA Matchmaker was utilized to analyze different amino acids and eplets. 【Results】 The patient carried HLA-A^*02∶03 allele, and HLA-A2 antibodies were found in his serum after platelet transfusion (A^*02∶01, A^*02∶06, and A^*02∶07). Sequence alignment showed that the patient′s A^*02∶03 has a difference in position 149, which resulted in a different eplet between A^*02∶03 and A^*02∶01, A^*02∶06, A^*02∶07 and then induced the production of antibodies. 【Conclusion】 HLA antibodies are specific for HLA epitopes that have structural differences due to amino acid differences between HLA alleles, suggesting that high-resolution typing of HLA-A, -B need to be conducted in patients and donors, and the acceptable mismatch of HLA should be determined based on epitopes rather than antigens, so as to reduce alloimmune response and improve platelet count after transfusion.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the situation of pharmaceutical pr eparations in medical institutions （hereinafter refer to hospital preparations ），and to promote the sustained and healthy development of hospital preparations. METHODS Under the organization of National Pharmacy Administration & Quality Control Center ，internet survey was adopted to statistically analyze the data of hospital preparations in 2019 that was completed and reported by the secondary general hospitals and above in provinces （cities，districts）and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. RESULTS Among the 4 639 hospitals，9.36％ had drug approval numbers and 8.15％ had preparation laboratories. The average ratio of the number of hospital preparations in production to the number of preparations approved was 0.72，and that of 41.52％ hospital was concentrated in 1-0.9. Self-produced by hospital was the main production mode of hospital preparations ；the higher hospital level was ，the higher the proportion of self-production combined with commissioned processing ，while the lower the proportion of commissioned processing only. In hospitals with preparation approval numbers ，the proportion of owning TCM preparations was the highest （73.66％），followed by common chemical preparations （69.93％）. From perspective of annual output value of hospital preparations ，tertiary hospitals were higher than secondary hospitals ，and private hospitals were higher than public hospitals ；it was related to the production mode ，varieties of hospital preparations and the establishment of the preparation laboratories. There was a trend that the development of hospital preparations in C entral China ，North China and South China was better than that in the Northeast China ，Northwest China and Southwest China. CONCLUSIONS At present ，hospital preparations in China are mainly made in medical institutions ， com and the types are relatively limited. The regional developmentis unbalanced and the scale of hospital preparations is reduced.It is suggested that medical institutions should pay attention to the innovation of hospital preparations ，especially to deve lopment of characteristic preparations with definite curative effect ，so as to give full play to their role of “shortage make-up ”. Great importance also should be paid to the policy support of dispensing and the establishment of regional dispensing centers.

Gas therapy is emerging as a highly promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. However, there are limitations, including the lack of targeted subcellular organelle accuracy and spatiotemporal release precision, associated with gas therapy. In this study, we developed a series of photoactivatable nitric oxide (NO) donors NRh-R-NO (R = Me, Et, Bn, iPr, and Ph) based on an N-nitrosated upconversion luminescent rhodamine scaffold. Under the irradiation of 808 nm light, only NRh-Ph-NO could effectively release NO and NRh-Ph with a significant turn-on frequency upconversion luminescence (FUCL) signal at 740 nm, ascribed to lower N-N bond dissociation energy. We also investigated the involved multistage near-infrared-controlled cascade release of gas therapy, including the NO released from NRh-Ph-NO along with one NRh-Ph molecule generation, the superoxide anion O₂^⋅- produced by the photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect of NRh-Ph, and highly toxic peroxynitrite anion (ONOO^‒) generated from the co-existence of NO and O₂^⋅-. After mild nano-modification, the nanogenerator (NRh-Ph-NO NPs) empowered with superior biocompatibility could target mitochondria. Under an 808 nm laser irradiation, NRh-Ph-NO NPs could induce NO/ROS to generate RNS, causing a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and initiating apoptosis by caspase-3 activation, which further induced tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD). In vivo therapeutic results of NRh-Ph-NO NPs showed augmented RNS-potentiated gas therapy, demonstrating excellent biocompatibility and effective tumor inhibition guided by real-time FUCL imaging. Collectively, this versatile strategy defines the targeted RNS-mediated cancer therapy.

Objective: To improve clinical management of maternal and neonatal listeriosis through analyzing the clinical characteristics and antibiotic treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 26 cases of listeriosis, including their demographic and clinical features, was conducted, involving 16 pregnant women from Civil Aviation General Hospital, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Fourth Hospital of Tianshui City from October, 2011 to May, 2018, and 10 newborns from the Fourth Hospital of Tianshui City, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital from February, 2016 to April 2018. Descriptive methods were used for data analysis. Results: (1) Among the 16 gravidas, one, five and 10 developed the infection in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, respectively, and eight had pregnancy complications. Furthermore, all of them developed fever [(38.9±0.5) ℃]. Symptoms such as cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, dizziness, headache and other flu-like symptoms were observed in six cases. Gastrointestinal symptoms and flu-like symptoms were presented in four. Fetal distress, tachycardia and decreased fetal movement occurred in 11 cases. Elevated C-reactive protein and white blood cell count were detected in 16 and 14, respectively. Eight underwent placental pathological examination which shown various degrees of pathological changes, including neutrophil infiltration, acute chorioamnionitis and inflammatory necrosis. The main empirical antibiotic treatment for the 16 patients was cephalosporins and only four covered Listeria monocytogenes. Only two delivered at term, while the others (14/16) ended in miscarriage, premature delivery or stillbirth. (2) Among the 10 newborns with listeriosis, there were eight early-onset infections and two late-onset infections. All of them were febrile [(38.6±0.6)℃]. Six had cyanosis, groaning, foaming and three concave sign; five showed shortness of breath; meningitis and skin rash were found in one, respectively. All had elevated white blood cell and C-reactive protein. Six received antibiotics covering Listeria monocytogenes during the initial empirical treatment. Four were treated with cephalosporins alone, one of which died after the treatment was withdrawn. One was cured by initial treatment with meropenem alone, while eight recovered after adjustment of treatment with ampicillin, penicillin, meropenem, vancomycin alone, or meropenem combined with ampicillin or vancomycin. (3) The isolates that were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin and meropenem accounted for 96.1% (25/26) all together and 88.5% (23/26) were susceptible to compound sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions There is no specific clinical manifestations of maternal or neonatal listeriosis. Maternal listeriosis is often characterized by acute onset and high incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.