Objective　To study the effect of hypoxia-ischemia on cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinases (caspase-3) activity in cerebral tissue of neonatal rat and probe into its significance. Methods　To induce hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), the left carotid artery of rats at day 7 was ligated and animals were exposed to 8% oxygen for 2 hours. 0.5,12,24,and 48 hours after HIBD, both ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral tissue were ditected and homogenized. caspase-3 activity was measured by cleavage of the colorimetric substrate DEVD-pNA. Results　Caspase-3 activity in ipsilateral cerebral tissue increased gradually after HIBD and peaked at 24 hours, and then decreased significantly at 48 hours（P<0.001）. There were no significant changes in caspase-3 activity in the contralateral tissue at all time points (P>0.05）. Conclusions　Significant activation of caspase-3 after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia strongly suggests that apoptosis is involved in HIBD. Application of caspase inhibitors or other anti-apoptotic agents may become a new therapeutics of HIBD.

Objective To study the effect of hypoxia ischemia on cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinases (caspase 3) activity in cerebral tissue of neonatal rat and probe into its significance Methods To induce hypoxic ischemic brain damage (HIBD), the left carotid artery of rats at day 7 was ligated and animals were exposed to 8% oxygen for 2 hours 0 5,12,24,and 48 hours after HIBD, both ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral tissue were ditected and homogenized caspase 3 activity was measured by cleavage of the colorimetric substrate DEVD pNA Results Caspase 3 activity in ipsilateral cerebral tissue increased gradually after HIBD and peaked at 24 hours, and then decreased significantly at 48 hours( P 0 05) Conclusions Significant activation of caspase 3 after cerebral hypoxia ischemia strongly suggests that apoptosis is involved in HIBD Application of caspase inhibitors or other anti apoptotic agents may become a new therapeutics of HIBD

Objective To test the effects of restuscitation with air or oxygen on the blood gas and cerebral superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration in neonatal rats with experimental intrauterine asphyxia. Method Seventy-seven neonatal rats were randomly (random number) divided into three experimental groups: sham operation group (SHAM), air resuscitation group (AR), and oxygen resuscitation group (OR). In groups AR and OR, animal models of intrauterine asphyxia were established and then resuscitated with air (AR) or oxygen (OR) for 30min. Comparison was made between groups including the mortality 0 hour after resuscitation, and the levels of blood gas and cerebral SOD concentrations 0 h, 6 h and 24 h after resuscitation. Results Mortality of neonatal rats in SHAM group, AR group and OR group were 0 (0/24), 0 (0/26) and 3.7% (1/27), respectively (P ＞0.05). The average levels of blood PaO2 in OR group and AR group 0 h after resuscitation were (69.2 ± 8.2)mmHg and (55.5±10.3) mmHg,respectively (P=0.004). Blood pH and PaCO2 and BE levels in OR group 0 h after resuscitation were not significantly different from those in AR group (P＞0.05). Blood pH, PO2, PCO2and BE levels in OR group were also not significantly different from those in AR group 6 h and 24 hours after resuscitation. The average concentrations of cerebral SOD in OR group 0 h and 6 hours after resucitation were (38.3±9.8) U/mgprot and (8.6±3.6) U/mgprot, and those in AR group were (53.8± 10.6) U/mgprot and (13.0±4.6) U/mgprot, respectively (P = 0.003, 0.04). The cerebral SOD concentration in OR group 24 hours after resuscitation was not significantly different from that in AR group (P＞0.05). The cerebral SOD concentrations in SHAM group 0 h,6 h and 24 hours after resuscitation were much higher than those in OR group and AR group (P＜0.05). Conclusions Resuscitation with air is as good as pure oxygen in neonatal resuscitation, in respect of early mortality and improvement of acidosis in neonatal rats after intrauterine asphyxia. Resuscitation with air will generate less radical oxygen species than pure oxygen in neonatal rats after intrauterine asphyxia.

Objectives To analyze the risk factors for transfusion in very low birth weight infants and to explore the strategies for prevention of anemia. Methods Neonates with gestational age <37 weeks and birth weight <1500 g admitted from January 2015 to June 2016 were included. The neonates were divided into blood transfusion group and non-blood transfusion group. The general conditions and complications were compared, and the risk factors of blood transfusion and the related factors were analyzed. Results One hundred fifty cases of very low birth weight infants were included, among whom 108 cases were from blood transfusion group and 42 cases were from non-blood transfusion group. Compared with the non-blood transfusion group, the gestational age and body weight of the blood transfusion group were smaller, the basic hemoglobin was lower, the parenteral nutrition time was longer, and the total volume of blood collection in hospital was higher, and these differences were all statistically significant (P all<0.05). The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the blood transfusion group were higher than those in the non-blood transfusion group, and they were all statistically different (P all <0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the volume of blood transfusion was higher when the gestational age and body weight were smaller, the longer parenteral nutrition was needed, and the total volume of blood taken from the hospital was higher (P all <0.05). Conclusions The gestational age, body weight, parenteral nutrition time and the total volume of blood collection in very low birth weight infants have different effects on blood transfusion risk and transfusion volume. The incidences of BPD, RDS, and PDA in infants with blood transfusion are higher.

OBJECTIVE: To identify long-term outcomes and safety of transplantation of autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for treating dilated cardiomyopathy.METHODS: A total of 38 cases with dilated cardiomyopathy received treatment at the Department of Cardiology, Guangdong General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, were selected, including 26 males and 12 females, aged 42-72 years, mean aged 56 years. Based on given standard therapy, 38 patients divided randomly into the transplantation group (n=20) and the control group (n=18). Patients in the transplantation group were received recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) 300 ug/d once per day for 5 days to mobilize stem cells. At day 6, PBSC were collected with blood-cells separator and were transplanted through intracoroary way. The routine medication was performed in the control group. Blood routine test, hepatic function, renal function, glucose, triglyeride (TG), cholesterol, low density cholesterol (C-LDL), high density cholest- erol (C-HDL), uric acid (UA), creatine kinase (CK), isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured before and at months 6 and 12 after transplantation. All patients also received ultrasonic echocardiography, ECG Holter monitor and six-minute-walk test before and at 12 and 24 months after the procedure. Survival rate and incidence rate of heart incidents were compared. The study end-point was death from any cause. RESULTS: All patients received a 12-24 month follow-up with mean (18±6) months. One patient in the transplantation group received mitral valve replacement. One patient of the transplantation group and 2 of the control group died due to refractory heart failure. The blood routine test and biochemical indicators of the transplantation group had no significant differences among 6 months and 12 months after transplantation compared with control and pre-transplantation (P > 0.05). Six-minute-walking distance in the transplantation group significantly increased at 12 months after transplantation than pre-transplantation level, which was also higher than that of control patients (P < 0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was increased (P < 0.01). The left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDd) decreased significantly in the transplantation group (P < 0.01). In the control group, improvement in LVEF and LVDd were observed, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). After 24 months of follow-up, the above-mentioned indexes had not improved in the transplantation group without significant differences. No malignant arrhythmias and severe side effects could be observed around transplantation and during 24 months follow-up. Survival was similar between the two groups during 24 months follow. CONCLUSION: Transplantation of mobilized autologous PBSC might be a safe and effective method for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy, which may improve the ventricular systolic function in a short-term, however, the long-term effects still uncertain.

Objective To develop an MR optical dual-modality probe targeting angiogenesis of gastric cancer and to study its physical characteristics , in vitro cytotoxicity and magnetic effects of different pulse sequences on 3 T clinical MR scanner.Methods We conjugated GX1-Cy5.5, a novel gastric cancer neo-vasculature targeted peptide labeled with Cy 5.5, to the surface functionalized magnetic nanoparticles according to different molecular weights (1∶100, 1∶500),resulting in dual-modality probe DPs100 and DPs500 (named DPs).The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of DPs and DPs 500 were analyzed by nano-ZS.The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and BGC-823 cells were treated with DPs for 24 h, and methyl thiazol tetrazolium ( MTT) method was used to detect the survival rate of cells.DPs with different concentrations were scanned on different MR sequences , and then the relative signal intensity was observed.The absorbance of HUVECs and BGC823 cells treated with DPs of different concentration (0.00, 1.25, 2.50, 15.00, 50.00, 100.00 and 150.00 μg/ml) were compared with single factor analysis of variance.Relative signal intensity of different MR sequences was compared using a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results The dual-modality probe targeting angiogenesis of gastric cancer was successfully constructed.The hydrodynamic size of iron oxide nanoparticles , DPs100 and DPs500 was (35.23 ±0.07), (39.49 ±0.16) and (40.43 ±1.70) nm and the Zeta potential was (0.31 ±0.20), ( -4.15 ±0.79) and ( -10.51 ± 2.37) mV.The coupled rates of DPs 100 and DPs500 with polypeptide were 92%and 94% respectively.The absorbance of HUVECs and BGC823 cells treated with DPs of different concentrations were 0.76 ±0.04, 0.80 ±0.03, 0.79 ±0.05, 0.75 ±0.06, 0.74 ±0.05, 0.77 ±0.01,0.71 ±0.04 and 0.38 ±0.04, 0.43 ±0.04, 0.41 ±0.03, 0.43 ±0.07, 0.44 ±0.04, 0.41 ±0.07 and 0.40 ±0.04, there was no statistical significance ( F=0.94, 0.51;P>0.05).The signal intensity increased first and then decreased following the increasing concentrations of DPs on T 1WI,especially on FSPGR T1WI (Z =-3.294,P <0.05), while the signal intensity decreased on T2WI or T2*WI.There was no significant differences in signal intensity on FSE T2 WI and SSFSE T2*WI with iron concentration >10μg/ml( Z=-7.110,P>0.05).With iron concentration≤10 μg/ml,the signal intensity on SSFSE T 2*WI was significantly decreased compared to FSE T2 WI ( Z =-2.023, P <0.05 ) .Conclusions DPs may be potential dual-modal probes for characterization of tumor angiogenesis by MR and optical imaging noninvasively , without causing significant effects on the cell activity in vitro , and SSFSE T2*WI may be the most sensitive sequence for DPs evaluation on MR.

The basic premise of syndrome essence discussion is the standardization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome type. However, there still exists confusion regarding the standardization of TCM syndrome differentiation treatment, and the guidelines for TCM syndrome differentiation could not really be used for guiding clinical treatment. This is mainly due to the inappropriate use of research ideas and methods. The fundamental research of TCM syndrome based on the differentiation and classification of diseases is the main method for studying the standardization of TCM syndrome type. The accuracy quantification of symptoms is the powerful guarantee for authenticity and reliability of the results from standardization study of syndrome type. The correct choice for statistical methods gives powerful technical support to determine the differentiation threshold. The unified scales, expert discussions and complex scientific theories are the best methods for current research on standardization of syndrome type. The correlation study of syndrome type and physicochemical indexes cannot reflect the syndrome type completely. It is supposed to establish the treatment principles according to the main pathological changes of diseases on the basis of the standardization of TCM syndrome differentiation.

Objective To evaluate the prognosis and side-effects of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3 DCRT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate carcinoma. Methods From 2001 to 2009, 62 patients with prostate carcinoma treated with radiotherapy were included in the retrospective analysis. Among them, 60 patients received IMRT while the other two received 3DCRT. There were 56 patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy before radiotherapy. The median dose was 78 Gy to 95% planning target volume (PTV) of the prostate and seminal vesicles, and the median dose to 95% PTV of the pelvic lymph nodes was 48 Gy. Results The median follow-up was 15.4 months. The 3-and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 92% and 83%, with the corresponding biochemical disease-free survival rates of 87% and 69%, and the distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate of 77% and 55%, respectively. Patients with a PSA nadir ≤ 2 ng/ml had a 3-year OS of 94% and DMFS of 88%, compared with 56% and 11% (χ~2 = 16. 39, P < 0.01 for OS ; χ~2 = 28. 87, P < 0. 01 for DMFS) for those with a PSA nadir > 2 ng/ml. The incidence of grade 1 and 2 urinary toxicity was 32% and 0% for acute damage, 10% and 0% for late damage, respectively. The incidence of grade 1 and 2 intestinal toxicity was 19% and 3%. for acute damage, 5% and 3% for late damage, respectively. Conclusions Radiation therapy for patients with prostate carcinoma shows satisfactory outcomes with a good toleration. Monitor of PSA after radiotherapy has benefit for prognosis evaluation.

Objective To compare the planning systems of the simplified manual intensity modulated (SMIM) irradiation and standard tangential (ST) irradiation,in order to explore the application of SMIM technique in clinic.Methods In 64 cases of breast cancers after breast conserving surgery,each underwent both SMIM and ST planning systems.SMIM planning was designed by copying additional fields for shielding the high dose areas from internal or lateral tangential field.The high dose areas were reduced by adjusting the size of the additional field and open tangential field.To optimize the SMIM planning,3 high dose areas (＞ 103% ,＞ 105% and ＞ 107%) were shielded and 3 protocols carried out.The wedges were also optimized in ST plan.The target coverage and dose homogeneity and dose of organ at risk were compared between SMIM and ST planning systems.Results When the dose was normalized to cover the volume of 95% CTV,85% of the shielded areas in optimal SMIM planning were that of ＞ 103% high dose area,and 94% of target area was covered.The study on the volume of breast CTV showed that,in the large breast group,SMIM could not only significantly reduce the high dose areas,and the maximum dose as well as the dose of organ at risk,but also enhance the dose homogeneity index.However,no such effect was not significant in the small breast group.Conclusions The simplified manual intensity modulated technique can improve target dose homogeneity in the large breast cases instead of the standard tangential technique.

AIM To study the effects of coadministration of berberine chloride(Ber) with cyclosporin (CsA) on liver microsomal cytochrome P450 isoenzyme and multi drug resistance gene in rats. METHODS The activities of liver microsomal erythromycin demethylase(ERD) and aminopyrence N demethylase(ADM) were determined. The levels of mRNA expression of CYP3A1, CYP1A1, CYP2E1, mdr1a and mdr1b were assayed with RT PCR. RESULTS After administration for 6 days, all treatment groups except Ber at 100 mg?kg -1 exhibited inhibitory action on ERD activity in rats. ERD activity markedly decreased in all drug treatment groups after taking drug for 12 days. After administration for 6 days, 45 mg?kg -1 CsA, 100 mg?kg -1 Ber coadministrated with 45 mg?kg -1 CsA and 200 mg?kg -1 Ber plus 45 mg?kg -1 CsA had significant inhibitory effects on ADM activity in rats. All groups except 100 mg?kg -1 Ber and 150 mg?kg -1 ketoconazole had the same effects on ADM activity after treatment for 12 days. Again, after 12 days, all drug treatment groups except 100 mg?kg -1 Ber group was found of remarkable inhibition of the mRNA expression of CYP3A1, CYP2E1, mdr1a and mdr1b. The CYP1A1 gene was not detected in all groups. CONCLUSION The mechanism of Ber to increase CsA concentration is that Ber decreases the expression of CYP3A, mdr1a and mdr1b thereby reduces the metabolism and elimination of CsA by liver.