Objective To explore the effect of N2O with High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) on SKVO3 through observing the influence of HIFU and N2O, separated and combined, on SKVO3. Methods The cultured SKVO3 cells were divided into 4 group: control group: without any treatment; N2O group: blowed by N2O 60 minutes; HIFU group: irradiated by HIFU (250W, 5s) and N2O-HIFU group blowed by N2O 60 minutes and irradiated by HIFU (250W, 5s). Flow cytometric method and Annexin V-FITC/PI binding assay were applied to detect cell death and apoptosis, and western blot test to detect Cytochrome C, Capase 3, Bax, Bcl-2 and GAPDH. Results The cell death and apoptosis in N2O-HIFU group were significant higher than those in other groups(P < 0.05). The results of western blot showed that in N2O-HIFU group, CytochromeC, Caspase 3 and Bax increased remarkably, but Bcl-2 significantly suppressed. Conclusion HIFU combininh with N2O could enhance the killing of SKVO3 cell.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the negative co-inhibitor programmed death-1 ( PD-1 ) and the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis ( MG), by detecting the expression of PD-1 and programmed death ligand-1 ( PD-L1 ) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) in plasma from myasthenia gravis patients. MethodsPeripheral blood samples were collected from 45 MG patients and 33 healthy persons without prednisone or other immunodepressant treatment during the half year ahead of withdrawal.The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on PBMCs were detected using immuno-fluorescence labeling and flow cytometry, and the concentrations of sPD-1 in plasma were measured using an ELISA kit. Results(1) The proportion of CD4+ PD-1 + T cells, as well as CD14+ PD-L1 +monocytes of the MG group was higher than that of the control group. There were no significant differences in the proportion of CD4+ PD-1 + T cells or CD14+ PD-L1 + monocytes in the MG sub-groups between different genders or MG types. While the proportion of CD4+ PD-1 + T cells of the late-onset MG (age ≥40) group was higher than that of the early-onset MG group (age ＜40). And it was higher in the MG patients with thymoma or thymus hyperplasia than that from the MG patients with normal thymus. The proportion of CD14+ PD-L1 +monocytes from the MG patients with thymoma or thymus hyperplasia group decreased obviously compared with that of the patients with normal thymus group; but no difference could be found between the late-onset group and early-onset group. (2)The concentration of sPD-1 in the plasma from the group of MG patients was(6. 92 ±0. 72) ng/ml,which was higher than that of the healthy control group ( (3.28 ±0. 42) ng/ml),even more, it was significantly higher in the early-onset MG group than that of the late-onset MG group,there was a negative correlation( r =-0. 526, P =0. 000) between the age of onset and the concentration of sPD-1. ConclusionsThe increased expressions of PD-1 on CD4+ T cells and PD-L1 on CD14+ monocytes in MG patients suggested the involvement of the couple of molecules in the pathogenesis of MG.Higher concentration of soluble PD-1 in the plasma of patients with MG suggested that it might disturb the ligation of PD-1 and PD-L1 on T cells and antigen presenting cells, which might result in the abnormal transportation of the negative modulating signal, and accelerate the pathological progress of MG.

Objective: To investigate the iodine nutritional status of 8 to 10 years old school children in Linhai City, and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency. Methods: From 2016 to 2018, in the townships and sub-district offices under the jurisdiction of Linhai City, one town (street) was selected according to its geographical distribution in the east, west, south, north, and middle five directions, and one central primary school was selected in each town (street). In each central primary school, 40 children aged 8 to 10 years were selected, 5 to 10 ml of urine samples were collected, and urinary iodine level was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Results: A total of 620 urine samples were detected in children, and the median urinary iodine was 172.5 μg/L. In 2016, 200 samples were tested, the median urinary iodine was 191.5 μg/L, 14.00% (28/200) for < 100 μg/L, and 20.00% (40/200) for ≥300 μg/L; in 2017, 210 samples were tested, the median urinary iodine was 174.5 μg/L, 18.10% (38/210) for < 100 μg/L, 11.90% (25/210) for ≥300 μg/L; in 2018, 210 samples were tested, the median urinary iodine was 149.0 μg/L, 24.29% (51/210) for < 100 μg/L, and 9.05% (19/210) for ≥300 μg/L. The differences in urinary iodine concentration between the three years were statistically significant (H=20.831, P < 0.05). A total of 310 boys were tested urinary iodine level, with a median of 147.5 μg/L, and 310 girls were tested with a median of 119.5 μg/L. The difference in urinary iodine concentration between boys and girls was statistically significant (Z=2.766, P < 0.05). Conclusion The iodine nutritional level of 8 to 10 years old school children in Linhai City is within the appropriate range (100-199 μg/L), but the monitoring of urinary iodine should continue.

Objective To discuss the clinical significance of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients by analyzing PD-1 and programmed death 1-1igand (PD-L1) expressions.Methods Sixteen patients with NMOSD,16 patients with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM),13 patients with opticneuritis (ON),20 with other diseases of the central nervous system (OTH) and 16 health controls (CONs) were chosen in our hospital from April 2015 to July 2016;their peripheral blood was separately collected.The PD-1 expression in the CD4+r lymphocytes,and PD-L1 expressions in the CD14+ mononuclear leucocytes and CD19+B lymphocytes of peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry.ELISA was performed to analyze the levels of soluble PD-1 and soluble PD-L1 in plasma samples.Results The PD-1 level from the peripheral blood of NMOSD patients was significantly higher than that from LETM,ON,and OTH patients and CONs (P＜0.05).The PD-L1 level of NMOSD patients was significantly higher than that of the other 4 groups (P＜0.05).ELISA indicated that levels of soluble PD-1 and soluble PD-L1 in plasma samples from NMOSD patients were significantly higher than those in LETM,ON,and OTH patients and CONs (P＜0.05).Conclusion The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is an important immune response approach and takes part in the earlier stage of the NMOSD pathological process.

Since 2010, the incidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has been increased. Owing the progress in diagnosis and treatment, the overall mortality of SFTS in China has decreased, while the mortality in critical SFTS patients is still high. In order to provide guidance and working procedures for clinicians to diagnose and treat critical SFTS, the National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events invited experts to discuss and formulate this consensus based on their experience and up-to-date knowledge on SFTS.

Objective To explore the immunopathological mechanism for the imbalance between the positive signal mediated by inducible costimulator (ICOS) and the negative signal mediated by programmed death-1 (PD-1) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).Methods Eighty-two patients with MG,56 healthy controls (HC) and 20 non-MG (NMG) patients,collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University from February 2014 to December 2016,were chosen to participate in the study.The expression of ICOS and PD-1 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by immuno-fluorescence staining and flow cytometry.The levels of soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1),soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1),IL-4 and other cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results (1) Flow cytometry analysis:The co-expression of PD-1,ICOS on CD4 + T cells from MG group (9.64％ (8.82％)) was higher than in HC (1.81％ (2.10％),Z =-7.389,P ＜0.05) and NMG group (2.86％ (1.49％),Z =-4.636,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of ICOS on CD4 + T cells,ICOS ligand (ICOSL) on CD14+ monocytes and CD19+ B cells were increased in MG group comparing with that of the control groups.The proportion of PD-1 + CD4 + T cells (MG group 16.82％ (10.66％),HC 9.34％ (9.18％),Z =-4.345,P＜0.05;NMG group 7.07％ (3.40％),Z=-4.594,P＜0.05) and PD-1 Ligand (PD-L1) + CD14+ monocytes was higher in MG patients.All of these were detected by flow cytometry.(2) ELISA analysis:Serum sPD-1 expression significantly increased in MG group compared with that in the control groups (MG group (1.87 ± 0.64) ng/ml,NMG group (1.49 ± 0.70) ng/ml,t =2.04,P ＜ 0.05;HC (1.05 ± 0.50)ng/ml,t =2.08,P ＜ 0.05),while for serum sPD-L1,there was no significant difference between MG and control groups.(3) Serum cytokines detection:The expression of IL-4 was increased in MG patients (MG group (61.88 ±5.15) pg/ml,HC (32.03 ±1.84) pg/ml,t=2.50,P＜0.05;NMG group (42.62± 3.31) pg/ml,t =2.34,P ＜0.05),and there was a negative correlation between the expression of sPD-1 and the concentration of IL-4.Conclusions The increased expression of PD-1 + ICOS + CD4 + T cells suggested the subset involved in the pathological progress of MG.sPD-1 might disturb the ligation of PD-1 on T cells and PD-L1 on antigen presenting cells,while the ligation of ICOS and ICOSL passed positive signal,leading to over activity of the subsets and the progression of disease.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an important tool for prostate cancer diagnosis, and accurate segmentation of MR prostate regions by computer-aided diagnostic techniques is important for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In this paper, we propose an improved end-to-end three-dimensional image segmentation network using a deep learning approach to the traditional V-Net network (V-Net) network in order to provide more accurate image segmentation results. Firstly, we fused the soft attention mechanism into the traditional V-Net's jump connection, and combined short jump connection and small convolutional kernel to further improve the network segmentation accuracy. Then the prostate region was segmented using the Prostate MR Image Segmentation 2012 (PROMISE 12) challenge dataset, and the model was evaluated using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD). The DSC and HD values of the segmented model could reach 0.903 and 3.912 mm, respectively. The experimental results show that the algorithm in this paper can provide more accurate three-dimensional segmentation results, which can accurately and efficiently segment prostate MR images and provide a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Male ; Humans ; Prostate/diagnostic imaging* ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging*