Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)is a disease with high incidence and mortality and has become a serious threat to human health. So far,none of the available markers can be used alone for early diagnosis of HCC.Recently identified serum markers with potential clinical value for early diagnosis of HCC are summarized,and their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity,as well as their applications in assessment of progression of the disease,are reviewed.It is suggested that alpha -fetoprotein should be used in combination with other serum markers to achieve accurate diagnosis of HCC at early stages.

砄bjective:To observe streptococcus sanguis (S.s) and Actinomycetes viscosus (A.v) in oral plaque biofilm formation.Methods:20 ml of saliva obtained from a health adult was centrifuged at 4 ℃ and 10 000 r/min for 10 min.The supernatant was disinfected in 60 ℃ water bath for 30 min.Glass coverslips in the size of 24 mm?24 mm were immersed into the saliva supernatant for 2 h to obtain biofilm.100 ?l of S.s ATCC 34 and A.v ATCC 19246 mixture cultured in TSB at the density of 10 5～6 CFU/ml was added into 20 ml of TSB,and then,the coverslips with biofilm were put into the mixture.The biofilm and bacteria were observed by scanning confocal laser microscopy at various times.Resuts:The biofilm reached the thickness of 15.4 ?m in 8 h and the clumps of the bacteria were mostly in the midle layer of the biofilm.The biofilm increased to 34.3 ?m in 16 h and became tassle like in 48 h.Conclusion: S.s and A.v may play some roles in the oral biofilm formation.

Objective: To develop a new antimicrobial sensitivity test model for oral products in vitro. Methods: An artificial biofilm mouth model for antimicrobial sensitivity test was established by modified LKB chromatography chamber. Using sodium fluoride and tea polyphenol as antimicrobial agents and Streptococcus mutans as target, various methodologies on the sensitivity tests were compared. Results: Agar diffusion, agar dilution and broth macro-dilution were more sensitive than modeling biofilms method. The modeling biofilm assay resulted in MIC values of fluoride or tea polyphenol against S. mutans 32 and 12 times higher respectively than the MIC values generated by broth macro-dilution method. Conclusion :The biofilm artificial mouth model may simulate the environment for oral products test.

Twelve specimens of genital warts were excised from 12 patients and divided into three parts. One part was untreated, the second and the third part were treated with CO_2 laser and microwave respectively. HPV DNA was amplified and detected in 100% of untreated specimens (HPV16 and HPV11 in six patients each), in 83% and 50% of specimens treated with CO_2 laser and microwave respectively. There was a significant difference in the detection rates between untreated and microwave treated specimens (X~2=4.18, P

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on hypermelanosis and provide experimental evidence for treating skin pigmentary disorders. Methods Five TCMs with strong inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity were tested. The changes of the number and morphology of melanocytes induced by UVB were observed in the experimental hypermelanosis model (brownish guinea pig). Results Decreased melanocytes and melanin granules were found with the treatment of Poria cocos, Polyporus umbellatus, Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Astoagalus complanatus R. Br. ex Bge. Conclusion There are inhibitory effects on hypermelanosis induced by UVB with the treatment of Poria cocs, Polyporus umbellatus, Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc., Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Astoagalus complanatus R. Br.ex Bge.

Objective To investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of amelanotic melanocytes (AMMCs). Methods Individual hair follicles from normal human scalp were digested with collagenase type V, then washed in phosphate buffer saline. Hair-follicle cell suspensions were prepared by trypsin and cultured in a medium suitable for melanocyte growth. The keratinocytes were removed by differential trypsinization. Geneticin (100?g/mL) was used to eliminate contaminating fibroblasts. After 3 passages the cells were trypsinized, washed in phosphate buffer saline, and finally processed for transmission electron microscopy. Results Under transmission electron microscope, the cultured cells were round or oval-shaped with a single large nucleus and double-layered karyotheca. Abundant euchromosome but sparse heterochromosome was observed within the nucleus. There were various organelles in the cytoplasm, including mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), ribosomes and abundant melanosomes of nearly uniform size. The electronic density granules distributed in a concentric pattern in most of the melanosomes. Colgi complexes were inconspicuous in the cells. Conclusions Compared to epidermal melanocytes, AMMCs from human hair follicles have different ultrastructural characteristics which implies their functional immaturity. AMMCs may serve as the depot for mature melanocytes.

Obgective To observe the effect of Milrinone combined with Esmolol in the treatment of severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) so as to improve the prognosis.Methods Eighty-two cases of children with critically severe HFMD,who were hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of Xuzhou Children's Hospital,were enrolled in the study from may of 2013 to June of 2014,and were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group.The control group was given intravenous Milrinone,and the observation group was given Milrinone combined with Esmolol.The heart rate (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP),cardiac output (CO),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),norepinephrine (NE) were detected on admission and checked again 1 hour and 48 hours again after treatment.The changes in the above indicators were compared before and after therapy to evaluate the clinical curative effect.Results (1) There was no significant difference in the HR,SBP,CO,LVEF,BNP and NE between the 2 groups before treatment(all P ＞ 0.05).(2) The HR,SBP,CO and LVEF of 2 groups were significantly improved after 1 hour treatment compared with those before treatment (all P ＜ 0.05),and the BNP and NE of the control group were not obviously improved compared with those before therapy (all P ＞ 0.05),but the significant changes were seen in the observation group (all P ＜ 0.05).Forty-eight hours after the treatment,all the observed indicators in 2 groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment(all P ＜ 0.01).(3)Compared with control group,the HR,SBP,CO,LVEF and BNP of the observation group were significantly improved after 1 hour treatment (t =2.08,2.12,-2.11,-2.37,2.07,all P ＜ 0.05),but the NE of the observation group had no obvious improvement (t =0.83,P ＞ 0.05).All the observed indicators of the observation group were significantly improved compared with the control group after 48 hours treatment(t =3.76,2.48,-2.70,-2.27,5.37,2.74,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Milrinone combined with Esmolol can significantly improve the cardiac function and the vital signs of the children with critically severe HFMD,which can be recommended clinically.

Objective To analyze the influential factors of healthy children′s heart rate turbulence (HRT). Methods One hundred and six healthy children with ventricular premature beat (VPB) were selected in this study and the correlation among HTR parameters as turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence lope (TS) and age, gender, basic heart rate, the number of VPBs were analyzed. Results It was observed that among three age groups, TO decreased with the age, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), but there was no significant gender difference (all P > 0.05). TS increased with the age, and intergroup difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the group of children aged over seven, significantly higher TS was observed among boys (P < 0.05), while in the group of children aged 1 to 3 and the group aged 3 to 7 , there was no significant gender difference (P > 0.05). TO and TS decreased with the decline of heart rate (r = 0.494, P < 0.00; r = -0.569,P < 0.00 respectively), and the correlation between TO and HR, TS and HR was found.The number of VPBs had no significant correlation with TO or TS (r = 0.104,P = 0.290; r = 0.122,P =0.212). Conclusions The results demonstrate that influenced by age and basic heart rate, healthy children′s HRT increases with the age and the decline of heart rate. Therefore, the reference index of children′s HRT should differ from that of adults, which requires further evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the antitumor activities of kushen (Sophora flavescens) flavonoids (KS-Fs) in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: Cell proliferation was assayed by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. H22 hepatocellular carcinoma and S180 sarcoma were induced in ICR mice. Lewis lung carcinoma was induced in C57BL/6 mice. H460 and Eca-109 tumor were induced in Balb/c nude mice by injecting 5x10(5) or 5x10(6) tumor cells in the right flank, respectively. RESULTS: KS-Fs could inhibit the growth of a variety of human tumor cell lines (A549, SPC-A-1, NCI-H460, etc.) in vitro. The antitumor efficacies were confirmed in the mice models of H22, S180 and Lewis lung tumors and the nude mice models of human H460 and Eca-109 xenografted tumors. The oral or intravenous maximum tolerated dose of KS-Fs was more than 2.8 g/kg or 750 mg/kg respectively, far more than the oral medial lethal dose of kushen alkaloids (< or = 1.18 g/kg). No adverse reactions were observed. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that KS-Fs or kurarinone may be developed as a novel antitumor agent.

Objective To evaluate the effect of remffentanil postconditioning on myocardial ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury in patients undergoing open heart surgery under CPB.Methods Thirty patients (ASA grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ, NYHA class Ⅰ or Ⅱ ) of both sexes aged 18-45 yr undergoing repair: of ventricular septal defect and/or atrial septal defect under CPB were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 15 each): control group (group C)and remifentanil postconditioning group (group R). Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, sufcntanil, propofol and rocuronium. The patients received 5 min infusion of remifentanil at 4 μg · kg- 1 · min - 1 8 min before aortic unclamping in group R, while the patients received equal volume of normal saline in group C. Blood samples were obtained from the right internal jugular vein for determination of plasma concentrations of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI)and MDA and activities of CK-MB and SOD before induction of anesthesia (baseline) and at4, 8, 24 and48 h after aortic unclamping. Results The plasma concentrations of cTnI and MDA and activity of CK-MB were significantly lower, while the plasma SOD activity was significantly higher at 4 and 8 h after aortic unclmping, and the plasma concentration of MDA was significantly lower at 24 h after aortic unclamping in group R than in group C ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Remifentanil postconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury in patients undergoing open heart surgery under CPB through inhibiting lipid peroxidation.