BACKGROUND:It has been found that cel ular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) is a lysosomal protein binding directly to the mannose-6-phosphate (M6P)/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (IGFIIR) and depends on the interaction with M6P receptors for efficient delivery to lysosomes OBJECTIVE:To study the interactions between the exogenous CREG protein and cathepsins and M6P/IGFIIR and to confirm the effect of CREG protein on expression and distribution of M6P/IGFIIR. METHODS:Double-stained immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation were applied to observe the interactions between the exogenous CREG protein and cathepsin B, cathepsin L and M6P/IGFIIR. Using gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, the effect of CREG on expression and distribution of M6P/IGFIIR were studied by western blot assay and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Double-stained immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation analyses confirmed the direct interactions between the exogenous CREG protein and cathepsin B, cathepsin L and M6P/IGFIIR. It was verified that CREG plays a critical role not in the expression but in the distribution of M6P/IGFIIR using gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches. These findings provide evidence that exogenous CREG protein is located in lysosomes and has interactions with cathepsins and M6P/IGFIIR, also CREG plays a critical role in the distribution of M6P/IGFIIR.

Objective: To study the protective effect of vitamin E in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patient with coronary artery disease (CAD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: We prospectively studied 206 CAD patients with elective PCI in our hospital and divided them in 2 groups: Treatment group, the patients received oral vitamin E combining vinous hydration,n=102 and Control group, the patients received vinous hydration only,n=104. CIN was deifned by at 48h after contrast media injection, serum cretinin increased up to 25% from the baseline, or reached 44.2 μmol/L. Excluding the other kidney injury factors, the renal functions at 48 h before and after PCI were compared, the occurrence rate of CIN were also compared between 2 groups.
Results:①Overall, there were 19/206 (9.22%) patients suffered from CIN, the occurrence rate in Treatment group (4.90%) was lower than Control group (13.46%), χ2=4.506,P=0.034. For patients with hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, anemia and mehran risk score<10, the occurrence rate of CIN in Treatment group was lower than Control group,P<0.05.②Compared with pre-operative condition, at 48 h post-operation,Control group showed increased serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (Bun) and decreased creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), allP<0.05.③At 48 h post-operation, compared with Control group, Treatment group presented decreased Scr (86.72 ± 17.73) μmol/L vs (95.13 ± 21.67) μmol/L and increased Ccr (96.75 ± 27.23) ml/min vs (90.70 ± 17.85) ml/min, allP<0.05.④Multivariate regression analysis revealed that elder than 75 years of age (OR=7.278, 95% CI 5.158-11.480), diabetes (OR=3.919, 95% CI 1.330-8.200), chronic kidney disease (OR=6.325, 95% CI 2.137-16.816) and mehran risk score>10 (OR= 4.461, 95% CI 1.589-14.724) were the independent risk factors for CIN occurrence, allP<0.05.
Conclusion: Short-term application of vitamin E may reduce the risk of CIN occurrence at certain degree in CAD patients after PCI.

Objective:This article analyzes the epidemic situation and characteristics of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Russian Federation (referred to as Russia), summarizes the effective measures and problems exposed by Russia to deal with COVID-19, so as to provide reference for our country's epidemic prevention and control, and seek the direction of cooperation under the background of Sino Russia scientific and technological innovation in view of public health emergency.Methods:The epidemic characteristics and prevention and control measures were analyzed based on the data released by official authoritative news media such as Sputnik News Agency & Radio and Stopcoronavirus Website.Results:Russia's first confirmed case was on January 31, 2020 and its first peak of epidemic outbreak was on May 10, 2020. Thanks to a series of prevention and control measures and isolation and detection systems established by the Russia government according with national conditions, such as establishment of COVID-19 medical treatment centers, restrictions on alcohol sales, and the accelerating development of the vaccine and test kit the epidemic was basically controlled at the end of August in 2020. In September, Russia saw the second peak of the outbreak of COVID-19.Conclusions:The fatality rate of COVID-19 in Russia has been at a low level. Therefore, its prevention and control measures, experience and even its deficiencies are worth of learning by China. And we should also strengthen cooperation with Russia in the field of vaccine research and development and its clinical trials.

This study is to establish a method for simultaneously determination of five nucleosides and nucleobases, including hypoxanthine, uridine, adenine, guanosine and adenosine in Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. which was collected from different regions in China. A Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) was used. Acetonitrile and 0.04 mol L(-1) potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution were adopted as mobile phase with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 mL min(-1) and column temperature was 30 degrees C. The detection wavelength was at 254 nm. The method had good linearity over the range of 1.0 - 16.0 microg mL(-1) (r2 = 0.999 8), 5.0 - 80.0 microg mL(-1) (r2 = 0.999 8), 1.0 - 16.0 microg mL(-1) (r2 = 0.999 5), 1.25 - 20.0 microg mL(-1) (r2 = 0.999 8) and 1.0 - 16.0 microg mL(-1) (r2 = 0.999 8) for hypoxanthine, uridine, adenine, guanosine and adenosine, respectively. The average recoveries were between 98.8% and 100.7%. The content of hypoxanthine, uridine, adenine, guanosine and adenosine in Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. from different regions was significantly different. This established method was sensitive and reliable for the quantification of five chemical constituents in Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.

Objective: To investigate the different efficacy of Yinchenhao Decoction (YCHD), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, for liver cirrhosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats. Methods: To induce liver fibrosis, 0.5% DMN solution (2mL/kg body weight, i.p.) was given three consecutive days a week to male Wistar rats for 4 weeks. Cirrhotic rats were randomly divided into DMN group, YCHD group, Xiaochaihu decoction group by the end of the fourth week to accomplish a 2-week recipe treatment course. In CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis model, 50% CCl(4)-olive solution was injected subcutaneously to rats at a dose of 2 mL/kg body weight twice a week to duplicate rat cirrhosis model. After 8 weeks, rats were divided into CCl(4) group, CCl(4) plus YCHD group and Xiaochaihu decoction group. For the YCHD group, YCHD was administered intragastrically once a day for 4 weeks. For DMN or CCl(4) model, by the end of 6 or 12 weeks respectively, rats were sacrificed for sampling to detect liver function, hepatic histological changes, hydroxyproline (Hyp) content and apoptosis-related gene expressions. Results: In DMN liver fibrosis model, hepatic fibrosis was obvious at week 2 and cirrhosis was evident at week 4 in DMN-treated rats. Compared to 6-week DMN group, hepatic pathological changes and liver function were improved significantly and content of Hyp decreased remarkably in YCHD group. In CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis model, hepatic fibrosis was obvious at 8 weeks and cirrhosis was evident at 12 weeks in CCl(4)-treated rats. Compared to 12-week CCl(4) group, hepatic pathological changes and liver function were not obviously improvement in YCHD group. The results of gene chip showed that YCHD significantly decreased Fas, Bax and caspase-3 gene expressions, and increased Bcl-xL gene expression in the liver of DMN model. However, in the model induced by CCl(4), YCHD did not inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis induced by CCl(4), but increased tyrosine kinase receptor gene expression by 4.8 times. Conclusion: YCHD exerts more significant therapeutic effects on DMN-induced than CCl(4)-induced cirrhosis in rats in Hyp content and pathological change in liver tissue.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the antitumor activities of kushen (Sophora flavescens) flavonoids (KS-Fs) in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: Cell proliferation was assayed by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. H22 hepatocellular carcinoma and S180 sarcoma were induced in ICR mice. Lewis lung carcinoma was induced in C57BL/6 mice. H460 and Eca-109 tumor were induced in Balb/c nude mice by injecting 5x10(5) or 5x10(6) tumor cells in the right flank, respectively. RESULTS: KS-Fs could inhibit the growth of a variety of human tumor cell lines (A549, SPC-A-1, NCI-H460, etc.) in vitro. The antitumor efficacies were confirmed in the mice models of H22, S180 and Lewis lung tumors and the nude mice models of human H460 and Eca-109 xenografted tumors. The oral or intravenous maximum tolerated dose of KS-Fs was more than 2.8 g/kg or 750 mg/kg respectively, far more than the oral medial lethal dose of kushen alkaloids (< or = 1.18 g/kg). No adverse reactions were observed. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that KS-Fs or kurarinone may be developed as a novel antitumor agent.

Objective Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) as a common disease around the world becomes a great threat to the health of human beings.The cynomolgus T2DM model, which preferably simulates human T2DM onset and progress, can be beneficial to the drug development and clinical treatment.In the present study, 37 of T2DM-susceptibility SNPs and the extended genome sequences were used to obtain corresponding SNPs in the T2DM cynomolgus monkeys. Methods Firstly, DNA pool screening was conducted.Then, using polymerase chain reaction to amplify and to sequence the cynomolgus homologous sequences.Using DNAStar software to analyze the differences between bases.Finally, we used analysis of variance and F test to calculate the frequency of alleles.We also used the GLM models of SAS software to analyze the association of genotype with fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin.Results SNP661A,SNP661B, SNP343A, SNP343B, SNP343C, SNP565A, SNP565B and SNP565C were found to have a significant difference of allele frequencies between spontaneous cases and controls.Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that SNP661A, SNP661B, SNP343A, SNP343B and SNP343C may play an important role in the establishment of cynomolgus T2DM models.

Objective To explore the effect of a new prone position for general anesthesia.Methods 50 patients in the group were made a retrospective study:All the 50 patients needed prone position surgeries under general anesthesia.After awake flexible fiberoptic intubation,with the anesthesia of thyrocricoid puncturing the intra-trachea surface,has been taken,patients lied in the prone position according to their own comfort with the guide of medical staff,which was followed by anesthesia induction and the operation.The SBP,DBP,HR and RPP were recor-ded at different point of time after patients entered the operation room.Results 33 cases of 50 patients completed the whole process successfully and the indexes at the time of the intubation had no significant difference with those at basic state(all P >0.05).17 operations suffered discomfort.The SBP,DBP,HR and RPP in these patients were (159.2 ±25.9)mmHg,(97.2 ±11.6)mmHg,(98.2 ±9)beats per minute and (16 028 ±6 725)respectively, which were higher than those at basic state(t =2.698,2.802,5.720,8.905,all P <0.05).After applications of small dose sedative,these patients were successfully tracheal intubated.The SBP,DBP,HR and RPP were (144.0 ± 18.5)mmHg,(83.0 ±10.5)mmHg,(89.3 ±10.0)beats per minute and (12 658 ±5 521)respectively at the time of the second intubation,which had no significant difference with those at basic state(all P >0.05).Conclusion It is technically simple and easy to operate,the way that patients waiting for prone position surgeries lie in the prone position by themselves with awake flexible fiberoptic intubation lightens the workload of medical staff and reduces complications of the intubation,which is optional in clinical situations.

Obgective To observe the effect of Milrinone combined with Esmolol in the treatment of severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) so as to improve the prognosis.Methods Eighty-two cases of children with critically severe HFMD,who were hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of Xuzhou Children's Hospital,were enrolled in the study from may of 2013 to June of 2014,and were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group.The control group was given intravenous Milrinone,and the observation group was given Milrinone combined with Esmolol.The heart rate (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP),cardiac output (CO),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),norepinephrine (NE) were detected on admission and checked again 1 hour and 48 hours again after treatment.The changes in the above indicators were compared before and after therapy to evaluate the clinical curative effect.Results (1) There was no significant difference in the HR,SBP,CO,LVEF,BNP and NE between the 2 groups before treatment(all P ＞ 0.05).(2) The HR,SBP,CO and LVEF of 2 groups were significantly improved after 1 hour treatment compared with those before treatment (all P ＜ 0.05),and the BNP and NE of the control group were not obviously improved compared with those before therapy (all P ＞ 0.05),but the significant changes were seen in the observation group (all P ＜ 0.05).Forty-eight hours after the treatment,all the observed indicators in 2 groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment(all P ＜ 0.01).(3)Compared with control group,the HR,SBP,CO,LVEF and BNP of the observation group were significantly improved after 1 hour treatment (t =2.08,2.12,-2.11,-2.37,2.07,all P ＜ 0.05),but the NE of the observation group had no obvious improvement (t =0.83,P ＞ 0.05).All the observed indicators of the observation group were significantly improved compared with the control group after 48 hours treatment(t =3.76,2.48,-2.70,-2.27,5.37,2.74,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Milrinone combined with Esmolol can significantly improve the cardiac function and the vital signs of the children with critically severe HFMD,which can be recommended clinically.