Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 13%of lung cancer. SCLC exhibits an early metastatic potential and sensitivi-ty to first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy compared with non-small cell lung cancer. Current treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Platinum plus etoposide is viewed as the standard first-line chemotherapy. However, recurrence rate of cancer af-ter platinum plus etoposide chemotherapy is high. Topotecan monotherapy is the standard second-line chemotherapy. Meanwhile, novel targeted immunotherapy showed poor effects. Hence, new breakthroughs in the treatment of SCLC are urgently needed.

Objective:In order to understand the professionals' ethical ideas and provide references for ethics education, and try to set up Chinese ethical code, the ethical beliefs of Chinese counselors and psychotherapists were investigated. Methods:145 Chinese counselors and therapists were asked to fill up an ethical questionnaire which was translated from the survey developed by Gibson and Pope in 1993 in the United States. The results of the survey were analyzed and compared with that of American professionals. Results: Chinese participants showed strong ethical beliefs in general, but they need more training in the aspect of informed consent. There were apparent culture differences on some aspects between two samples. Some significant gender and age differences could also be found. The authors believe that ethical training should be considered as an important way to enhance the professionals' awareness on ethical codes.

Objective To develop a rapid ,convenient ,sensitive and specific method for the detection of marine Vbrio vulnificus by using loop‐mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) technique ,and evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of this method . Methods According to marine Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin(vvhA) gene sequence published by GenBank ,a set of LAMP primers were designed .LAMP and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification were carried out in 47 strains of bacteria(including 20 strains of Vibrio) and specificities of LAMP and PCR were compared .Serial ten‐fold dilutions of an overnight Vibrio vulnificus M06 culture were prepared in sterile saline solution ,and compared the sensitivity of LAMP with that of PCR after extracting DNA tem‐plates .A recombinant plasmid containing fragment of vvhA gene was constructed and set as a standard positive control of LAMP assay .Results False‐positive results occurred in the conventional PCR ,while in the LAMP assay positive amplifications were only seen in strains of Vibrio vulnificus and no false‐positive or false‐negative results were generated among 47 strains of bacteria ,which indicated that primers had high specificity .Additionally ,the results of electrophoresis were consistent with those after adding the calcein .The detection limit of LAMP was 4 × 10 CFU each reaction for detecting vvhA gene in pure culture ,which was 10‐fold more sensitive than that of conventional PCR(4 × 102 CFU each reaction) .It indicated that LAMP assay had good sensitivity .Repeated the test twice ,the detection results of LAMP and PCR were both stable .Conclusion An LAMP detection method for marine Vibrio vulnificus has been developed ,which is highly specific ,sensitive ,convenient and suitable for rapid field detection and point‐of‐care testing .

BACKGROUND: Since the diagnostic unit is established in "mental disorder due to Qigong", it has been lack of comparative analysis of experimental observation on whether Qigong exercise affects physiological state in central nerve system, on what the difference are between Qigong and hypnotic induction in the effects on central system.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in brain evoked potentials in "normal state", "Qigong meditation" and "hypnosis" so as to analyze the difference between Qigong release and hypnotic induction in cerebral physiological effects in normal adults.DESIGN: Brain evoked potential experiment was designed, in which, normal adults were employed.SETTING: Shanghai Mental Health Center.PARTICIPANTS: They were staffs, interns and volunteers in Shanghai Mental Health Center, of either gender, at any age and with any educational background, totally 52 people.METHODS:① American Nicolet Spirit evoked brain electrophysiological meter was used. The electrodes were attached according to 10/20 system on Cz, C3, C4, Pz and Fz of scalp. Verbal or fixation inductive hypnosis was applied. Hypnosis lasted 20 to 30 minutes, in which, the induction lasted 10to 15 minutes. The experimental observation were performed when the receptors were determined to be in hypnosis.② The Qigong meditation was co-performed by the Qigong masters from Shanghai Qigong Institute or Qigong folk masters. They released "external qi" to the receptors. The degree of "Qigong meditction" was based on folk standards. The observation was carried on when the receptors were identified to be in theQigong state.The entire process lasted 20 to 30 minutes.③ To observe successively the latency and amplitude of the event related potentials [contingent negative variation (CNV), P300 ] and sensory evoked potentials [visual evoked potentials (VEP), auditory evoked potentials (AEP), auditory brainstem reaction (ABR)] of receptors in "normal state", "Qigong meditation" and "hypnotic state". The observed values were performed multiple analysis of variance of single-factor quantitative linear model in 2 × 2 factorial design.MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES:① Observation of event related potentials. ② Observation of sensory evoked potentials RESULTS: Due to limited result of hypnotic induction and incomplete record of brain-evoked potentials, 3 cases were lost. Terminally, 49 cases entered statistical analysis. ①Observation of event related potentials: under hypnotic state, the amplitude of P300 (target stimuli-P3) was decreased compared with normal state [(4.18±2.23), (6.07±3.23) μV, P ＜ 0.01]. The amplitude of AEP (P2) in hypnotic state and normal state was decreased compared with Qigong meditation [(2.01±1.28), (2.71±1.83), (2.73±1.34)μV, P＜0.05].The amplitude of CNV(M2) was decreased comparedwith normal state and Qigong meditation[(5.93±3.36),(7.83±4.59),(7.76±4.42) μ,V,P ＜ 0.05].②Observation of sensory evoked potentials: The amplitude of VEP (P2, P3) in hypnotic state was reduced compared with normal state and Qigong meditation [(3.47±2.69), (4.76±2.78), (4.30±2.64) μV; (1.18 ±1.08), (1.68±0.95),(2.01±1.48) μV, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: In hypnotic state, sensory evoked potentials presented low amplitude and such alternation did not appeared in Qigong meditation and normal state. It is explained that there are differences between hypnotic induction and Qigong release in the influence on cerebral physiological process. The extensively recognized hypothesis in Qigong field that "Qigong state" is "hypnosis" cannot be verified by above-mentioned experiment.

BACKGROUND: Post-stroke depression(PSD) is the most common emotional change after stroke. It has high morbidity, which also seriously affects the near and long term functional prognosis of the patients and affects the quality of life (QOL) of the patients during convalescence.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impacts of integrated rehabilitative therapy on post-stroke depression and ability of daily life(ADL) through interventional therapy in patients with post-stroke depression.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study with the patients as subjects basedon diagnosis.SETTING: Department of cadre in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty cases including 34 males and 26 females hospitalized in the Department of Cadre of the General Hospital Affiliated to Tianjing Medical University between October 2001 and March 2002 were randomly divided into rehabilitation group( n = 30) and control group( n = 30).INTERVENTIONS: Patients of rehabilitation group received both routine medication and integrated rehabilitative therapy (cinesiotherapy + psychotherapy) while the patients of control group only received routine medication(decompression, improving cerebral circulation and symptomatic therapy) . Barthel index(BI) and Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAMD)were used to assess the patients at admission, the 3rd month and the 6th month during the course of the disease.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: BI and HAMD score at the 3rd and 6thmonth in patients of rehabilitation group and control group.RESULTS: BI at 3rd month or 6th month was (68.0 ± 2.9) or (70.0 ± 3.5)in patients of rehabilitation group, which was significantly higher than (62.0±3.3) at 3rd month and (65.0±3.8) at 6th month in patients of control group( P ＜ 0. 001, 0. 01) . HAMD score at 3rd month or 6th month was(8.9 ±4.9) or(8.7 ±5.1) in patients of rehabilitation group, which was significantly lower than(15.2 ±5.6) at 3rd month or(14. 9 ±8. 1) at 6th month in patients of control group ( P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Integrated rehabilitative therapy can effectively improve the ADL of patients with post-stroke depression and relieve depression.

Objective To analyze the therapeutic effect of rehabilitation intervention for patients with post-stroke depression. Methods Sixty patients with post-stroke depression were divided randomly into a rehabilitation group(n=30) and a control group(n=30). Those in the former group were intervened with comprehensive rehabilitation programs (mainly the exercise and psychotherapy), while those in the later group only the ordinary medical drugs. 3～6 months later, therapeutic effect was assessed according to the recorded Barthel index and the HAMD scores, and a comparison was carried out between the two groups. Results In comparison with the control group, the therapeutic effect was significantly better in the rehabilitation group, as shown by significant increase of Barthel index scores at 3 months (P

Restenosis following vascular revascularization remains an important clinical problem. Local drug delivery which can provide enough drug concentration in the lesion location without causing adverse systemic effect is an excellent solution for this question. We conducted a systematic literatory search on PubMed and CKNI through May 2014. After reviewing all related papers, we provided a comprehensive overview of the available drugs and techniques for local drug delivery that have been developed to prevent restenosis after peripheral vascular interventions, including innovations that have been tested only in animals as well as those already approved for clinical use. In brief, anti-proliferative drugs such as paclitaxel and sirolimus are the most used and suitable drugs for local delivery system. Additionally, some promising drugs including anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidant drugs and drugs inhibiting cell proliferation and migration are already being tested in pre-clinical trials or animal models. At the same time, intraluminal and extraluminal delivery devices have also got a rapid development during the past decades. The efficacy of drug-eluting stent, drug-eluting balloon, porous and microporous balloon and the most recent drug-eluting bioresobable scaffold for preventing of restenosis in peripheral vessels have been demonstrated in humans or in animals, some of them even have received the CE mark in Europe. Endovascular microinfusion catheter and drug-loaded perivascular wraps have only been tested in animal models, more researches are needed. With the development of pharmacology and bioengineering, great strides will be made in the prevention of restenosis in the near future.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; Arteries ; Coronary Restenosis ; prevention & control ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Humans ; Myocardial Revascularization ; Paclitaxel ; Sirolimus

Objective:To investigate the use of psychological testing in hospital and its potential existent ethical issues.Methods:Eleven psychometricians from 6 specialized and 5 general hospitals accepted a semi-structural interview.With (10.8 ± 8.8) years of experiences on average in this field,they tested 2 to 30 patients each day.Content analysis was used to investigate the psychometricians' qualification,usage of tests,informed consent,scoring,explanation and preservation.Results:Normally,the number of psychometricians in one hospital varied from 1 to 4.Out of 11 interviewees,2 were unqualified.Three of the interviewees pointed out there were non-standard circumstances when some doctors choosing the tests.Six of them thought that the frequently used tests' norms were obsolete.Eight interviewees considered that comparatively low psychometric fee influenced their devotion of explaining the results.Conclusion:In hospital,it's necessary to strength the ethical awareness of decision-makers and executors in psychological testing.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of the treatment of Xuezhikang and fluvastatin in elderly angina patients with mildly abnormal liver function .Methods 84 cases of ALT in 40-80u/L very elderly patients with coronary heart disease were randomly selected and divided into the two groups , the Xuezhikang group received Xuezhikang (0.6g,bid,orally),the fluvastatin group received fluvastatin (40mg,1time/night,oral),the total course was 12weeks,the TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL -C were measured before and after treatment ,liver function was measured once 2 -4times.If ALT was 3 times higher than before , Xuezhikang was instead of statins , if ALT was 5 times higher than before ,both of the two drags were withdrawaled .Results The TC,LDL,TG,HDL-C and ALT of the two groups were no significant difference before treatment (P >0.05),the TC,LDL,TG were decreased after treatment in the both group .There was no case of increased of ALT to three times in Xuezhikang group ,however ,ALT of 6 patients were increased more than three times in fluvastatin group ,four weeks after exchange of Xuezhikang ,the ALT were not continued to rise .Conclusion Both the two medicine can significantly lowered the cholesterol in very elderly patients with angina ,but the Xuezhikang were more safety in the patient with mild increased of liver function .

Objective:To test the similarities and differences of shame experience between Chinese and American participants and explore the future research direction of shame in a cross-culture context.Methods:American college students were enrolled by convenient sampling to a semi-construct face-to-face interview about general and specific shame experience in their own culture.No new materials appeared after 8 students were interviewed.Then 8 Chinese college students were paired sampling to participate in the same interview.Finally all the in terview contents were coded according to the emotion,cognition and behavioral reaction of shame experience.Results:Both Chinese and American students reported shame experience with similar intensity in academic,personal relationship,body,group and transference shame situations.The expectations of self,peers,parents,teachers or supervisors could be sources of shame in both eastern and western cultures,and only Chinese students regarded expectation of a specific group as a source of shame.Chinese participants recalled more body reaction when feeling shame and had more cognition process related to the shame experience.Finally,besides the negative results such as avoidance that shame experience brought out,in both cultures,the most important influence of shame was reported to be the positive effects on improving or restricting improper behaviors.Conclusion:The participants from two cultures demonstrate a fairly coherence process of shame experience,and the results support the appraised-based model of self-conscious emotions.