Objective:Examine and Compare the professional ethical attitudes and beliefs for counseling and psychotherapy between counselors/psychotherapists and clients who receive professional services in the field.Method:A questionnaire concerning ethical behaviors and attitudes was developed based on American Counseling Association Code of Ethics(2005),and administrated to 48 counselors/psychotherapists as well as 48 clients.The similarity and difference between ethical attitudes and beliefs of two groups were compared.Besides,the possible influences of certain important demographical variables were explored.Results:The two groups' responses differed in 12 out of 29 items,including 4 items derived from section of counseling relationship in ACA code of ethics(e.g.,47.9% clients thought clients could form personal relationship with counselors/psychotherapists,while only 4.2% professionals thought it was ethical,P

BACKGROUND: In many studies, rats were commonly used as models of retrorsine-induced hepatic injury. Some reports have confirmed that retrorsine cannot inhibit proliferation of mouse hepatic cells. Other reports have shown that retrorsine has inhibitory effects on proliferation of mouse hepatic cells. OBJECTIVE: To study the liver regeneration after hepatic injury by creating mouse models treated with partial hepatectomy combination with retrorsine. METHODS: A total of 40 C57BL/6J mice were equally and randomly assigned to 2 groups. In the partial hepatectomy combined with retrorsine group, intraperitoneal injection of retrorsine 70 mg/kg was conducted, twice, within an interval of 2 weeks. Four weeks later, 2/3 hepatectomy was performed. In the partial hepatectomy group, intraperitoneal injection of saline 70 mg/kg was performed, twice, with an interval of 2 weeks. Four weeks later, 2/3 hepatectomy was performed. At 14 days after partial hepatectomy, the restoration of the livers was observed. The liver cell injury was observed at 3, 7 days with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The hepatocyte proliferation was observed at 3 days with BrdU staining. Oval cell proliferation was observed at 3, 7and 14 days with CK19 and C-kit antibody immunohistochemistry.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the partial hepatectomy group, the damaged liver nearly restored to normal at 14 days after partial hepatectomy, and the result was contrary to partial hepatectomy combined with retrorsine group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated that significant degeneration changes in hepatic cells in the partial hepatectomy combined with retrorsine group. BrdU staining showed that hepatocyte proliferation at day 3 was significantly determined in the partial hepatectomy group, but few in the partial hepatectomy combined with retrorsine group. CK19 and C-kit immunohistochemistry demonstrated that visible oval cell proliferation was seen in mice of partial hepatectomy combined with retrorsine group. First of all, hepatic oval cells appeared in portal area and differentiated into hepatic cells and bile duct cells, and then grew into the hepatic lobule gradually. These indicated that retrorsine can obviously inhibit hepatocyte regeneration after liver injury in mice. The model of mice treated with retrorsine and partial hepatectomy could induce oval cell proliferation.

Objective To investigate the occurrence of apoptosis and its relationship with endocrine hormones altemtions in rats with acute obstructive pancreatitis(AOP). Methods The model of AOP wag establisbed by ligation of pancreaticobiliary duct.8,12 hrs after operation,the serum insulin,glucagons and amvlase were determined;pancreatic tissues were harvested and apoptotic rate wag evaluated by TUNEL and flow cytometry(Annexin V-FITC/PI assay).Results 8 and 12 hrs after AOP induction,serum amylase levels wefe(1198±687)U/L and(1698±1103)U/L respectively;serum insulin levels were(8.1±5.8)ng/ml and (12.7 ±6.9)ng/ml respectively;sertlm glucagon levels were(6.8±4.6)ng/ml and(7.3±2.9)ng/ml respectively;all these parameters were significantly high than(404±222)U/L,(5.6±2.7)ng/ml and(2.6±2.1)ng/ml in the sham operation group(P<0.05).AnnemnV FITC/PI assay confirmed apoptosis occurred both in exocrine acinus cells and endocrine panclreas islet;and the apoptotic rate wag(20.5±11.2)%and (15.5±8.9)%at 8 and 12 hrs after AOP induction,which wag significantly high than(4.2±1.6)%in the sham operation group(P<0.05).Conclusions Cell apoptosis occurred in both acinar and islet in the model of AOP,and this may be the pathophysiological basis of endocnne hormones alterations in the model of AOP.

Objective To investigate the perioperative treatment and reduce the surgical risk in patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 213 PD patients operated at the PLA General Hospital from January 2012 to December 2012.Results The postoperative complications included pancreatic fistula (51 cases,24％),biliary fistula (8 cases,3.8％),intestinal fistula (8 cases,3.8％),gastroparesis (35 cases,16.4％),abdominal infection (16 cases,7.5％),and postoperative bleeding (16 cases,7.5％).The perioperative mortality was 1.9％ (4/213).Conclusion Strengthening the perioperative management of PD patients plays an important role in improving surgical safety and reducing postoperative complications.

Background: Early diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis are important for the prognosis and evaluating the survival of patients.Aims: To systematically assess the diagnostic value of transient elastography (TE) for staging of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease.Methods: PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP from Jan.2001 to Dec.2015 were retrieved to collect the articles with staging of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease by TE.Data extraction was conducted.Article quality was evaluated by quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 (QUADAS2).Meta-analysis was conducted by Stata 12.0 software.Results: Twenty articles involving 5 748 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that the combined sensitivity,specificity and AUC of TE for diagnosing significant fibrosis (≥F2) were 0.78 (95％ CI: 0.73-0.82),0.85 (95％ CI: 0.80-0.88) and 0.88 (95％ CI: 0.85-0.91),respectively.The combined sensitivity,specificity and AUC for advanced fibrosis (≥F3) were 0.89 (95％ CI: 0.86-0.91),0.88 (95％ CI: 0.85-0.91) and 0.94 (95％ CI: 0.92-0.96),respectively.The combined sensitivity,specificity and AUC for cirrhosis (F4) were 0.91 (95％ CI: 0.86-0.95),0.89 (95％ CI: 0.87-0.92) and 0.95 (95％ CI: 0.93-0.97),respectively.Conclusions: TE technique has a good diagnostic value in assessing significant fibrosis,advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease,especially for advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Objective:To explore the effect of taxifolin on H2O2-induced pyroptosis in H9C2 cells and the possible mechanisms.Methods:The H9C2 cells was divided into 3 groups:a control group,a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) group and a taxifolin group.The morphology of H9C2 cells was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope.The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 staining and flow cytometry.The alteration of the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by specific mitochondrial probe.The protein levels of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1) was determined by Western blot.The mRNA levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18),interleukin-1a (IL-1a),interleukin-1b (IL-1b),absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2),apoptosis-associated apeck-like protein (ASC),nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family caspase recruitment domaincontaining protein 4 (NLRC4) were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results:Compared with the control group,the morphology of H9C2 cells obviously changed in the H2O2-treated group,which was guadually improved in the presence of taxifolin.Compared with the control group,the mitochondrial membrane potential was markedly decreased in the H2O2-treated cells,accompanied by the increase of ROS (both P＜0.05).Compared with the H2O2 group,the mitochondrial membrane potential changes in the taxifolin group was increased while the ROS was decreased,with significant difference (both P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the protein level of caspase-1 and the mRNA levels of IL-18,IL-1a,IL-1b,AIM2,ASC,NLRP3 and NLRC4 in the H2O2-treated group were significantly increased (all P＜0.05),which were attenuated in the presence of taxifolin (all P＜0.05).Conclusion:Taxifolin can protect H9C2 cells from oxidative injury,and it is able to suppress the H2O2-induced H9C2 cell pyroptosis through inhibition of AIM2,NLRP3 and NLRC4 in flammasome.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological data of an outbreak of influenza A in a primary school in Shanghai, to provide reference for targeted prevention and control measures. Methods: A field epidemiological method was used to investigate and collect the data of influenza A outbreak in a primary school in Jing an District from November 8 to December 6, 2022, through on site follow up and telephone return visit to health teachers and cases. The distribution characteristics of the epidemic were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results: The first case developed symptoms of cough, sore throat, and fever on the morning of November 8th 2022, with a maximum body temperature of 38.6 ℃. Later, the clinical diagnosis was influenza A. The total number of influenza like cases reported in this outbreak is 99, including 92 students and 7 teachers. The total incidence rate was 9.45%. The clinical symptoms of all cases were fever, sore throat, and cough; 27 cases of influenza A were diagnosed by hospital rapid diagnostic reagents. The second grade students had the highest case incidence rate(24.46%), and there was a statistically significant difference in case incidence rates among students of different grades ( χ 2=48.28, P ＜0.01). The case incidence rate on the second floor was the highest (23.47%), and there was a statistically significant difference between the case incidence rates on different floors ( χ 2=52.38, P ＜ 0.01 ). Etiological testing showed that the influenza virus causing this outbreak was type A H3N2 virus. Conclusion This outbreak is a campus cluster outbreak caused by influenza A (H3N2) virus. The health and education departments should strengthen cooperation to effectively implement prevention and control measures of infectious diseases, and timely identify the source of infection and cut off the transmission route.

Objective:To explore the potential Hub genes, key miRNAs, biological processes and related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), and provide bioinformatics basis for the pathogenesis and treatment of OA.Methods:The expression profiling chip of OA synovial tissue sample from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were downloaded, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and functional enrichment analysis was performed. A protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed. STRING and Cytoscape was used for module analysis, and the Hub gene was further identified, and further miRNAs mining of the Hub gene was carried out.Results:Finally, 9 Hub genes (SOCS3, BTRC, FBXO32, KLHL22, UBE3A, HUWE1, UBR4, ANAPC5, TRIM50) and 2 key miRNAs (hsa-miR-103a-3P, hsa-miR-107) related to the progression of OA were identified .They might be potential biomarkers for the pathogenesis of OA. We also found that signal transduction, the transcriptional positive regulation of RNA polymerase Ⅱ promoter, and protein serine/threoninase activity had a certain correlation with the pathogenesis of OA. In addition, our analysis results showed that cAMP signaling pathway and Rap1 signaling pathway were also involved in the progression of OA.Conclusion:The potential biological molecules, biological processes and related pathways identified in this study may guide us for the further research on the etiology and treatment of OA.

Objective: To understand the current situation and differences in physical activity among children and adolescents in different regions of China, so as to provide a scientific reference for promoting the level of overall physical activity promotion among children and adolescents in China. Methods: From June to December 2023, the student satisfaction assessment questionnaire for the national children and adolescents theme fitness activity "Run, Youth!" was conducted, which was administered via a combined online and offline questionnaire survey to explore 397 013 students participation in the "Run, Youth!" activity in 2023. Descriptive statistics, Logistic regression, and other approaches were utilized for data analysis. Results: There were notable disparities in the rates of children and adolescents meeting the physical activity standards among northeast China, northwest China, north China, east China, central China and southwest China (10.27%, 11.79%, 9.32%, 8.48%, 8.81%, 7.30%) ( χ 2=33.48, P <0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that rate of recommended level of physical activity among children in northwest China, boys, children aged 16-18, children in urban areas were relatively high ( OR =1.12, 1.68, 0.60, 1.88, P < 0.05 ). After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that there was an interactive effect relationship between the interaction of region, age, gender, and urban-rural distribution and physical activity among children and adolescents ( OR=0.51, P <0.01). Based on gender analysis, weekly physical activity duration of boys in each region surpassed that of girls; based on age analysis, except for the central and southwestern regions, weekly physical activity duration of children and adolescents gradually increased with age in other regions; based on the proportion of urban and rural areas, weekly physical activity duration of children and adolescents in urban areas across all regions exceeded that in rural areas. Conclusions The attainment rate of sufficient physical activity among children and adolescents in northwest China is the highest, and the differences between regions are not significant. The participation and level of physical activity of male students in each region surpass those of females and the attainment rate of physical activity of physical activity of urban children and adolescents is higher than that of those in rural areas.

Objective:To explore the immune infiltration cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial lesions, and to provide new research directions and therapeutic targets for the pathogenesis and treatment of RA.Methods:The three gene expression data sets GSE77298, GSE55457 and GSE1919 were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo), and the data were merged with Perl. The "limma" package was used to adjust batch differences. In R, "CIBERSORT" software was used to obtain the expression matrix of 22 kinds of immune cells corresponding to RA synovial tissue samples and normal synovial tissue samples were analyzed with the three packages of "e1071", "parallel" and "preprocessCore". Perl was used to screen samples with P<0.05 in the immune cell matrix. R's "barplot" function was analyzed by the percentage of 22 immune cells in samples with P<0.05. The "pheatmap" package of R was used to visualize heatmaps, and "corrplot" package was used to draw correlation heatmaps. The "vioplot" package of R was used to draw violin plots of differences via the wilcox test. Results:The results of immune cell infiltration analysis showed that in RA synovial tissue samples and normal synovial tissue samples at P<0.05, B cells naive and natural killer cells resting were under-expressed in RA synovial tissue, and plasma cells, mast cells resting, macrophages M1, B cells memory and T cells regulatory were highly expressed in RA synovial tissue. This study also found that in the same sample, the correlation coefficient between natural killer cells resting and neutrophils ( r=0.91) was the highest, indicating synergistic effect between the two. In the same sample, the correlation coefficient between macrophages M0 and plasma cells ( r=-0.88) was the lowest, indicating antagonistic effect between the two. Conclusion:The immune infiltrating cells in RA synovial lesions discovered in this study provide a certain theoretical basis and research direction for the research on the disease mechanism and treatment of RA.