Objective To observe the protective effect of 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid(11,12-EET)on immature isolated rabbit hearts.Methods Forty-eight isolated immature rabbit hearts were randomly assigned to two groups: Control group,the hearts were arrested with St.Thomas No.2 solution and stored in the same solution ( n =24);EET group,the hearts were arrested with St.Thomas No.2 plus 11,12-EET solution and stored in the same solution ( n =24). All rabbit hearts were stored for 8,16 and 24 h with 4 ℃ hypothetmia, and underwent 30 min reperfusion ( 37 ℃ ). On the Langendorff perfusion apparatus,left ventricle developed pressure (LVDP),left ventricle end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),+dp/pt max ,coronary blood effluent (CBE) and arrhythmias score were measured before and after ischemia. Myocardial water content,the value of creatine kinase (CK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were also measured,and myocardial ultrastructure observed. Results Postischemic recovery of myocardial function and myocardial edema were significantly better in EET group at different time points. The changes of arrhythmias score,CK,LDH and myocardial ultrastructure in EET group were superior to those in control group. After the hearts were preserved for 16 h ,the recovery of myocardial function and arrhythmias score in EET group were basically close to the measured values before heart preservation,while those in control group were significantly decreased. After the hearts were stored for 24 h ,all hearts in EET group beated again during reperfusion,but 5 hearts in control group could not beat anymore.Conclusion Addition of 11,12-EET into the St.Thomas No.2 cardioplegic solution could prolong the storage time and enhance the myocardial protective effect to the isolated immature hearts.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of 11,12-EET(11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid)on myocardium of immature rabbit hearts from ischemic reperfusion injury. Methods: 16 isolated immature rabbit hearts were performed to ischemic reperfusion model in a Langendorff perfusion apparatus and randomlyassigned to on two groups. Control group, the hearts were arrested with St.Thomas No.2 solution and stored in the same solution (n=8). EET group, the hearts were arrested with St.Thomas No.2 plus 11,12-EET solution and stored in the same solution (n=8). These isolated rabbit hearts were stored for 8 hours at 4℃ hypothermia , and underwent 30 minutes of reperfusion (37℃). We measured the preischemia and postreperfusion indexes of left ventricle developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricle end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), ?dp/pt_ max , myocardial water content (MWC), coronary blood effluent (CBE) and arrhythmia score (AS). The myocardial ultrastructure and value of creatine kinase (CK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were also observed. Results: (1) After 30 minutes reperfusion, the indexes of CK, LDH, CBE, AS,and the recovery rate of heart function were significantly better in EET group compared with controls. At the same time, no ultrastructural changes were found in the EET group while the capillary endothelial base membrane edema and mitochondrion edema was observed in the control group. (2) In EET group, compared with preischemia, there were no significantly changes of myocardial function at the end of 30-minutes reperfusion. Conclusion: These data suggest that 11,12-EET add to the St.Thomas No.2 solution could offer more little myocardial injury and little arrhythmia and provide better preservation of the isolated immature hearts.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of a newly designed surgical therapy for familial polyposis coli by severing the superior mesenteric artery&vein in order to make a complete lysis of the mesentery and an ileum pouch and the anal anastomosis within the entire muscular sheath of the rectum.Methods Six patients with familial polyposis coli(5 males and 1 female,aged 24-36 years)were admitted and underwent the procedure which was consisted of:(1)An incision was made in the left middle and lower parts of the rectus abdominis;(2)The greater omentum was retained and the large intestine was removed;(3)At the juncture of the sigmoid colon and the rectum,the muscular sheath was dissociated 0.5cm,the mucous membrane of the rectum was stripped in a revolving manner,the nourishing artery and vein in the membrane were exposed,and clamped and cut in sequence up to the anocutaneoue line;(4)The rectal mucous membrane was completely removed;(5)Under the right colonic artery,the superior mesenteric artery and vein were severed;(6)An N-,J-or W-shaped pouch was made in the ileum accordingly:(7)An anastomosis of the ileum pouch and the anal canal was made within the entire muscular sheath of the rectum,and a drainage was placed;(8)The mesostenium was fixed on the fight posterior abdomen,the small intestines were spread out to the right side,and the mesostenium was covered on the coarse surface of the colon bed:(9)A tube was placed in the left lower abdomen for a vacuum aspiration for 2 days after operation,combined with the suction drainage,to eliminate the pelvic effusions;and(10)The abdomen was closed.Results Patients were able to discriminate stools and flatus 3-7 days after operation.and the formed stools occurred 7-10 days after operation.Five patients were followed-up for 3-17 years,with averagely one defecation a day,with no night defecation and seepage.Urination was normal;In another one patient who underwent the procedure 4 months ago the defecation was twice a day,with no night defecation.All the 6 patients had normal autonomic nerve function and sexual function as well as normal defecation and urination,with no recurrence of polyposis coli or infection.The small bowel functions well with no ischemia related symptoms.Conclusion Cutting the superior mesenteric artery and vein and then making anastomosis of the ileum pouch and the anal canal within the muscular sheath of the rectum is a new surgical approach to familial polyposis coli.It is safe and significantly improves the patients' life quality.

Objective To investigate the distribution of virulence-related genes in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli.Methods Seven virulence genes papA,cnf1,cnf2,cfaB,ipaB,hofQ and ompT were detected by PCR in 20 strains of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli clinically isolated,and the positive genes were further searched in 31 strains of Escherichia coli in BioCyc database whose genomies had been fully sequenced.Results Virulence genes hofQ and ompT were detected in 20 strains of Escherichia coli with a positive rate of 95.0％ (19/20) and 55.0％ ( 11/20),respectively.Among 31 strains of Escherichia coli in BioCyc,21 (67.7％) were positive for hofQ gene and 15 (48.4％) were positive for ompT gene.Conclusion hofQ and ompT genes are prevalent in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli.

Objective To explore the effect of application of hospital-school combined three-dimensional teaching mode in the operation nursing practice teaching.Methods 129 students were collected by cluster sampling,then based on class unit,they were randomized into the experimental group (69 students) and the control group (60 students).The experimental group used hospital-school combined threedimensional teaching mode and the control group used traditional teaching mode.Then,both groups had finished an operation nursing comprehensive theoretical examination and a self-report questionnaire for mastery of basic knowledge of operation nursing.Besides,the experimental group had a questionnaire survey of cognitive evaluation for the new teaching mode.Results The average score of operation nursing comprehensive theoretical examination of the experimental group was (77.81 ±9.87),higher than the control group (70.35±12.37); The self-report score for mastery of basic knowledge of operation nursing of the experimental group was (3.94±0.45),higher than the control group (3.68±0.46).The students of the experimental group also considered that the new teaching mode improved their comprehensive knowledge and innovative abilities,critical thinking ability,humanistic care spirit,communication ability,team cooperation ability and innovation ability,etc.Conclusions The effect of application of hospital-school combined three-dimensional teaching mode in the operation nursing practice teaching was good,but it still had some limitations which needed us to pay attention to and to perfect.

OBJECTIVE To study the existence status of class Ⅰ integron and transposable element of multi-resistant Acinetobactor baumannii isolated form ICU of Yinzhou People′s Hospital in Ningbo. METHODS The samples of 20 A.baumannii isolates were collected from Oct 2007 to Jul 2008.The susceptibility to 32 antibiotics of the isolates was measured.The genetic markers of integron qacE△1-sul1 and transposable element tnpU were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The PCR products of tnpU or qacE△1-sul1 were sequenced for determination. RESULTS In the 20 ABA isolates,the positive rate of class Ⅰ integron qacE△1-sull was 75%,and the positive rate of transposable element tnpU was 55.0%. CONCLUSIONS The positive rate of the integron qacE△1-sul1 and transposable element tnpU for multi-resistant A.baumannii is high in Yinzhou People′s Hospital in Ningbo.It should be reevaluated the preventative role of chlorhexidine for operation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibiotic resistance of multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(ABA) and distribution of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methylase genes in ICU in Yinzhou People′s Hospital in Ningbo. METHODS The samples of 20 ABA isolates were collected from Oct 2007 to Jul 2008 in ICU.K-B method was used to determine the sensitivity to 32 antibacterials and the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methylase genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). RESULTS From 20 ABA isolates,8 strains carried aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes genes aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅰb,and ant(3″)-Ⅰ,their positive rate was 10%,15%,30% and 25%,respectively;no strain carried 16S rRNA methylase genes. CONCLUSIONS The antibiotics resistance of A.baumannii is very serious in Yinzhou People′s Hospital in Ningbo.Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes genes aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅰb and ant(3″)-Ⅰ exist in multi-resistant A.baumannii widely.They would be the main causes of high drug-resistantce to aminoglycosides.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibiotics resistance of multi-resistant Acinetobactor baumannii(ABA) and genotypes of beta-lactamases in ICU.METHODS The samples of 20 A.baumannii isolates were collected from Oct 2007 to Jul 2008 from patients in ICU.To determine the sensitivity to the 32 kinds of antibacterials,K-B method was used and the detection of ESBLs and AmpC beta-lactamases was performed by three dimensional test and 21 types of beta-lactamases genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS Among the 20 ABA isolates,all carried TEM beta-lactamases gens(100%),10 carried OXA-23 beta-lactamases gens(50%) and 15 strains carried ADC beta-lactamases gene(75%),50% strains produced TEM,OXA-23 and ADC beta-lactamases simultaneously.Through determining sequence of one PCR product from TEM,OX23 and ADC respectively,we found TEM-116,OXA-73 and ADC-25 type beta-lactamases genes.CONCLUSIONS The antibiotics resistance of ABA is very serious.TEM,OXA-23 and ADC exist in multi-resistant A.baumannii widely.It should be the main causes as high rate of drug-resistantce to beta-lactamantibiotics.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibiotics resistance of Escherichia coli(ECO) and distrubtion of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S RNA methylase genes in ICU.METHODS The samples of 20 ECO isolates were collected from Dec 2007 to Jun 2008 of patients in ICU.To determine the sensitivity to the 30 antibacterials K-B method was used and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S RNA methylase genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS In among the 20 ECO isolates,8 strains carried aac(3)-Ⅱ(40%),3 carried aac(6′)-Ⅰb(15%) and ant(3″)-Ⅰ(15%),1 be found aph(3′)-Ⅰ(10%)and 13 be found aadA4/5 aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes genes,no strain carried 16S RNA methylase genes.CONCLUSIONS aac(3)-Ⅱ、aac(6′)-Ⅰb,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,aph(3′)-Ⅰ and aadA4/5 aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes genes exist in ECO widely,they should be the main cause inducing the high rate of drug-resistance to aminoglycosides.

OBJECTIVE To study the mechanisms of chromosome and plasmid-mediated quinolones resistance in Escherichia coli(ECO).METHODS Clinical isolates of ECO were collected from clinical specimens at ICU of Yinzhou People′s Hospital from Dec 2007 to Jun 2008.To detect the susceptibility to 30 types of antibiotics K-B disk diffusion method was used.The susceptibicity to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were detected by agar dilution testing.Then six type genes gyrA,qnrA,qnrB,qnrS,aac(6′)-Ⅰb-Cr,and qepA were investigated by PCR.In the meantime,the PCR products were sequenced.RESULTS The alterations in gyrA were found in all 20 tested strains.Two new subtypes were found in ECO 13 and ECO 15.Three strains were found acc(6′)-Ⅰb-Cr and ECO 2 was detected qurA gene.CONCLUSIONS The mutations in gyrA play a dominant role in the resistance to quinolones in ECO.Both aac(6′)-Ⅰb-Cr and qepA may responsible for quinolones resistance in ECO too.