Craniomaxillofacial hard and soft tissue defects are clinically common and frequently encountered diseases that seriously affect the appearance and function of patients. Restoration and reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial hard and soft tissues are comprehensive clinical problems that require a multi-disciplinary approach and are faced with many unresolved issues. Development of tissue engineering has introduced new concepts to craniomaxillofacial restoration and reconstruction. Tissue engineering primarily aims to determine suitable seed cells. Recently, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdSCs) were found to be relatively ideal seed cells because they are easy to obtain from numerous sources and have multiple potencies under certain inducing circumstances and high augmenting ability. This review provides an overview of the application of AdSCs in craniomaxillofacial restoration and reconstruction.
Adipose Tissue ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Tissue Engineering

Objective: To investigate the effect of different mechanisms of liver-protection drugs in clinic and compare which one is best for the proliferation of irradiated HL-7702, laying the basis of liver-protection drugs choose in clinic on theory and practice. Methods: Human liver parenchyma cells HL-7702 were given single 6 MV X ray irradiation at a dose of 10Gy, the cells’ morphology were detected under an inverted microscope at 24h, 48h and 72h. Then, MTT was used to assess the survival rate of the cells to evaluate the effect of the X ray. The representive medicines which mechanism may relate to RILD were chosen and diluted into various concentrations with culture medium according to clinical and relative reports. Different concentrations of medicines were used to protect the cells damaged by the X ray. Comparing the effect with MTT and measure SOD, MDA for the best one. Further research on its protection of oxidative damage. T-test, F test and non- paramiter test were used for statistical analysis. Results: 2.5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate both have an effect on the proliferation of liver cells, especially the concentration of 1 mg/ml. The injection of polyene phosphatidyl choline show trivial effect at the concentrations of 250 μmol/L and reduced glutathione(GSH) did not demonstrate relative functions. Further research on the magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate, found its protection at 48h to oxidative damage (P < 0.05), but the effect is weak at 24h and 48h. Conclusions In three kinds of representing medicines, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate has preferable effects on liver parenchyma cells and show a bright future in the treatment of RILD.

Objective:To explore the relationship between endocannabinoid (eCB) and its metabolic enzymes and severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the etiology and pathogenesis of ASD.Methods:A case-control study was conducted to collect 58 ASD children who underwent rehabilitation training at the Children's Developmental Behavior Research Center of Harbin Medical University and the provincial autism rehabilitation facility from December 2017 to December 2018 as the ASD group.According to the principle of gender and age 1∶1 matching, 58 normal children were selected as control group in Heilongjiang Province.Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to detect eCB of ASD group and control group, including anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and its metabolic enzymes: n-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) mRNA expression levels.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the level of eCB and ASD children's severity.Results:The levels of AEA, OEA and PEA in ASD children ((10.10±2.6)nmol/L, (24.30±5.60)nmol/L, (15.92±2.28)nmol/L) were lower than those in the control group ((13.46±3.04)nmol/L, (27.85± 6.89)nmol/L, (17.87±2.67)nmol/L, t=-6.612, -3.99, -4.779, P<0.01). The expression levels of FAAH and DAGL mRNA in ASD children were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant( t=2.423, 3.840, P<0.05), while NAPE-PLD and MAGL mRNA levels were not significantly different between the two groups ( t=0.024, 0.885, P>0.05). The level of PEA in the ASD group was negatively correlated with the total score of the autism behavior checklist (ABC) ( r=-0.288, P<0.05). Conclusion:There may be metabolic abnormalities in eCB and its metabolic enzymes in ASD children, and the level of eCB is related with the severity of ASD.

Craniomaxillofacial hard and soft tissue defects are clinically common and frequently encountered diseases that seriously affect the appearance and function of patients. Restoration and reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial hard and soft tissues are comprehensive clinical problems that require a multi-disciplinary approach and are faced with many unre-solved issues. Development of tissue engineering has introduced new concepts to craniomaxillofacial restoration and recon-struction. Tissue engineering primarily aims to determine suitable seed cells. Recently, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdSCs) were found to be relatively ideal seed cells because they are easy to obtain from numerous sources and have multiple potencies under certain inducing circumstances and high augmenting ability. This review provides an overview of the application of AdSCs in craniomaxillofacial restoration and reconstruction.

At present， there are still some problems in China’s clinical comprehensive drug evaluation， such as the unscientific design of the evaluation content， the nonstandard evaluation method and organizational process， and the evaluation results not meeting the decision-making needs. It is urgent to carry out quality control over the whole process of the clinical comprehensive drug evaluation project. From the technical point of view， the quality control methods of clinical comprehensive drug evaluation are discussed through three links of the evaluation content and design （giving the quality control key points of the theme selection process and scheme design）， the evaluation method （discussing the quality control elements of two common evaluation methods， i. e. documentary evidence method and real-world research） and result application transformation （giving suggestions on quality control from the comprehensive analysis of evaluation results， transformation of evaluation results and decision-making）， so as to promote the quality improvement of clinical comprehensive drug evaluation.

OBJECTIVE To construct the drug clinical comprehensive evaluation index system and quantitative grading in China， and to provide a reference for scientifically carrying out comprehensive clinical evaluation of drugs. METHODS The analytic hierarchy model was used to establish the drug clinical comprehensive evaluation index system， the weight of the evaluation index and the quantitative grading of each index were determined through expert consultation and model calculation. RESULTS The results of expert consultation were integrated by using the analytic hierarchy model， and the drug clinical comprehensive evaluation index system was obtained： including six first-level indicators of effectiveness， safety， economy， suitability， accessibility and innovation， as well as twenty-three second-level indicators of recommended status， medication for special populations， and drug treatment costs； the weight of each indicator was calculated through estimation-matrix method. CONCLUSIONS The analytic hierarchy model can construct the drug clinical comprehensive evaluation index system and quantitative grading in China， which can provide methodological references for comprehensive analysis and decision-making， thus making the clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs completer and more scientific.

BACKGROUND: Glutamine synthetase (GS) and arginase 1 (Arg1) are widely used pathological markers that discriminate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; however, their clinical significance in HCC remains unclear. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 431 HCC patients: 251 received hepatectomy alone, and the other 180 received sorafenib as adjuvant treatment after hepatectomy. Expression of GS and Arg1 in tumor specimens was evaluated using immunostaining. mRNA sequencing and immunostaining to detect progenitor markers (cytokeratin 19 [CK19] and epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM]) and mutant TP53 were also conducted. RESULTS: Up to 72.4% (312/431) of HCC tumors were GS positive (GS+). Of the patients receiving hepatectomy alone, GS negative (GS-) patients had significantly better overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) than GS+ patients; negative expression of Arg1, which is exclusively expressed in GS- hepatocytes in the healthy liver, had a negative effect on prognosis. Of the patients with a high risk of recurrence who received additional sorafenib treatment, GS- patients tended to have better RFS than GS+ patients, regardless of the expression status of Arg1. GS+ HCC tumors exhibit many features of the established proliferation molecular stratification subtype, including poor differentiation, high alpha-fetoprotein levels, increased progenitor tumor cells, TP53 mutation, and upregulation of multiple tumor-related signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS GS- HCC patients have a better prognosis and are more likely to benefit from sorafenib treatment after hepatectomy. Immunostaining of GS may provide a simple and applicable approach for HCC molecular stratification to predict prognosis and guide targeted therapy.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism* ; Sorafenib/therapeutic use* ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/metabolism* ; Hepatectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery*