Objective To explore the effects of amniotic lacrimal duct stenting on the prevention of dry eye in castrated rabbits.Methods Thirtysix healthy male rabbits were selected,the third eyelid were cut off and antiinfection treatment were given,which were randomly divided into 3 groups (12 cases in each group),the castrated male rabbits models were made.Among them,group A was negative control group,group B was dry eye model group,group C was group of lacrimal amniotic membrane group.At 2 weeks before implantation of amniotic lacrimal duct stent,2 weeks,4 weeks and 6 weeks after implantation,the fluorescent (FL) examination,Western blot,Schirmer I examination,immunofluorescence staining and corneal confocal microscopy were performed.Results The levels of tear secretion and FL in the three groups among different time points were significantly different (F=7.126,P =0.009;F =9.658,P =0.016),and there were significant differences among three groups (F =12.582,P =0.005;F =13.187,P =0.013).The tendency of tear secretion and FL in the three groups were also significantly changed (F =8.531,P =0.007;F =10.652,P =0.019).The epithelial basal cells at 6 weeks after implantation in three groups were 3811 ±414,3820 ± 314,2789 ± 353,and the density of inflammatory cells was 266 ±28,266 ± 29,67 ± 13,there were significant differences among three groups (F =13.442,P =0.012;F =9.231,P =0.021).The K1 6 staining in the duct epithelium were negative,and the expression of α-SMA in the lacrimal duct tissue of group A,B and C was not changed at all time points after implantation of amniotic lacrimal stent,and there was no significant difference (F =14.681,P =0.002).Conclusion The amniotic lacrimal stent implantation has certain effect on the prevention of dry eye in rabbit.

This paper summarized Professor PENG Peichu's experience in the differentiation and treatment of prostate cancer in three phases and four stages. It is considered that prostatic cancer is categorized into root deficiency and branch excess， with depletion of healthy qi as the root， and the accumulation of cancer toxin as the minifestation. Clinical diagnosis and treatment of prostatic cancer can be divided into three phases and four stages according to the exuberance and decline of pathogenic and healthy qi and the changes of deficiency and excess of yin and yang. In the initial accumulation phase of cancer toxin （yang excess stage）， the key pathogenesis is the accumulation of dampness， heat and static blood， and internal generation of cancer toxin， and the treatment should be resolving toxins， fighting cancer and dispelling yang excess. In the phase of healthy qi deficiency and toxin accumulation （yin deficiency stage）， with the lung and kidney yin deficiency， dampness， heat and static toxin accumulation as the key pathogenesis， the treatment should be centered on mutual generation between metal and water to nourish kidney yin， supplemented with the method of clearing heat and draining dampness， activating blood and resolving toxins， for which self-made Nanbei Formula（南北方）is usually used. In the phase of yang deficiency and cold stagnation （yang deficiency stage and yin excess stage）， with the spleen and kidney yang deficiency， cold dampness stagnation， static heat and toxin accumulation as the key pathogenesis， the treatment should be warming and tonifying spleen and kidney to dissipate cold accumulation； for deficiency of both yin and yang， and excess pathogen obstruction， modified Yanghe Decoction（阳和汤） is recommended， while for yang deficiency， cold congealing and blood stasis， self-made Wenshen Sanjie Formula（温肾散结方） can be used， and for cold dampness binding with cancer toxin， and cold complex with heat， self-made Quanan Formula （泉安方） is advised.

Objective To investigate the effect of body mass index on early postoperative clinical outcomes following off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods A total of 1062 patients that received OPCABG in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were recorded continuously from January 2015 to May 2015. The patients were divided into normal weight group(n=360), overweight group(n=527) and obesity group(n=175) according to their body mass index. The following outcomes in the ear-ly postoperative period were compared among the three groups: hospital mortality, atrial fibrillation and intra aortic balloon counter pulsation usage, multiple organ failure score system, postoperative score for cardiac surgery, sequential organ failure assessment score, respiratory index, and pressure-adjusted heart rate. Results The lowest mortality rate was observed in the overweight group(0.6％) in comparison with the normal weight group(2.2％) and obesity group(1.1％)(P<0.01). The lowest rate of atrial fibrillation was observed in the obesity group(20. 1％) in comparison with the normal weight group (22.1％) and overweight group(20. 7％)(P <0. 01). The IABP usage rate was the highest in the normal weight group (8. 1％), followed by the overweight group(6. 0％) and the obesity group(2. 9％)(P<0. 01). On the operation day and the first day after operation, the MODS, SOFA and PSCS scores of the obese group were significantly higher than those of the nor-mal weight group(P <0. 01). PaO2/FiO2 in the obese group was significantly lower than that in the normal weight group (P<0. 01). PAHR in the obese group was significantly higher than that in the normal weight group(P<0. 01). Conclusion High BMI groups were associated with lower rates of mortality, atrial fibrillation, and IABP utilization. The lowest mortality rate was observed in the overweight group.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of plumbagin as a novel ferroptosis inducer in bladder cancer inhibition. MethodBladder cancer T24 cells were used in this study. The effect of different concentrations of plumbagin （0.1， 1， 2， 3， 6， 12， 24， 48 μmol·L^-1） on the viability of T24 cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8）. The effect of different concentrations of plumbagin （1.5， 3， 6 μmol·L^-1） on the apoptosis of T24 cells was detected by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate （Annexin V FITC）/PI apoptosis kit. Different inhibitors （ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1， apoptosis inhibitor VAD， and necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1） were used in combination with plumbagin （6 μmol·L^-1）. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） fluorescent probe （DCFH-DA）， malonaldehyde （MDA）， and glutathione （GSH） kits were used to detect the effects of different concentrations of plumbagin （1.5， 3， 6 μmol·L^-1） on the level of ROS and the content of MDA and GSH in T24 cells， respectively. The effect of different concentrations of plumbagin （1.5， 3， 6 μmol·L^-1） on peroxide levels in T24 cells was detected by C11-BODIPY fluorescent probe. Western blot was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of plumbagin （1.5， 3， 6 μmol·L^-1） on the protein expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）， glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， nuclear factor E₂-related factor-2 （Nrf-2）， and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）. ResultCompared with the blank group， plumbagin could inhibit the activity of T24 cells （P<0.05） with IC₅₀ of 3.52 μmol·L^-1. At the concentrations of 1.5， 3， 6 μmol·L^-1， plumbagin significantly promoted the apoptosis of T24 cells （P<0.05） as compared with the blank group. Compared with the plumbagin group at 6 μmol·L^-1， the ferroptosis inhibitor and apoptosis inhibitor groups could reverse the inhibitory effect of 6 μmol·L^-1 plumbagin on the proliferation of T24 cells （P<0.05）. Compared with the blank group， the plumbagin groups at 1.5， 3， 6 μmol·L^-1 showed increased content of ROS， MDA， and lipid peroxides in T24 cells， decreased GSH level， and reduced SLC7A11， GPX4， and Nrf-2/Keap1 （P<0.05）. Conclusionplumbagin can induce ferroptosis， and its mechanism is related to the Nrf-2/Keap1 signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Glutamine synthetase (GS) and arginase 1 (Arg1) are widely used pathological markers that discriminate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; however, their clinical significance in HCC remains unclear. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 431 HCC patients: 251 received hepatectomy alone, and the other 180 received sorafenib as adjuvant treatment after hepatectomy. Expression of GS and Arg1 in tumor specimens was evaluated using immunostaining. mRNA sequencing and immunostaining to detect progenitor markers (cytokeratin 19 [CK19] and epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM]) and mutant TP53 were also conducted. RESULTS: Up to 72.4% (312/431) of HCC tumors were GS positive (GS+). Of the patients receiving hepatectomy alone, GS negative (GS-) patients had significantly better overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) than GS+ patients; negative expression of Arg1, which is exclusively expressed in GS- hepatocytes in the healthy liver, had a negative effect on prognosis. Of the patients with a high risk of recurrence who received additional sorafenib treatment, GS- patients tended to have better RFS than GS+ patients, regardless of the expression status of Arg1. GS+ HCC tumors exhibit many features of the established proliferation molecular stratification subtype, including poor differentiation, high alpha-fetoprotein levels, increased progenitor tumor cells, TP53 mutation, and upregulation of multiple tumor-related signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS GS- HCC patients have a better prognosis and are more likely to benefit from sorafenib treatment after hepatectomy. Immunostaining of GS may provide a simple and applicable approach for HCC molecular stratification to predict prognosis and guide targeted therapy.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism* ; Sorafenib/therapeutic use* ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/metabolism* ; Hepatectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery*