Objective To set up and validate three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of Lenke 1 BN idiopathic scoliosis based on CT images, for building ideal digitization platform for further biomechanical study. Methods An 18-year-old female Lenke 1 BN idiopathic scoliosis patient was selected as volunteer for current study. CT transverse scanning in supine position was done from T1 to caudal end in 1mm layer interval. All CT images were imported into Mimics 10.01 to form qualified AIS three-dimensional geometric model after geometry clean, including all thoraco-lumbar-sacral vertebrae and thoracic cage, which was further delivered to Hypher Mesh 7.0 to build 3d finite element AIS model by mesh partition and quality control. A variety of material parameters were given to different mesh according to references. Validation verification was done by left and right Bending test and erect-supine test. Results 1 )A complete three-dimensional finite element model of Lenke 1 BN idiopathic scoliosis was built successfully, in consist of 341 228 nodes,1 409 929 tetrahedron elements, 163 132 shell elements, 715 cable elements and 149 rod elements. 2)The convex bending Cobb's angles of PT, MT and L curve on X-ray films and finite element simulation were 14°,26° ,8° and 15° ,24°,6° respectively. The error of finite element simulation was 8.3%. 3)Erect Cobb's angles of PT, MT and L were 37°, 50°, 24° and 33°, 51°, 24° on X-ray films and by finite element simulation.Supine Cobb's angles of PT, MT and L were 29°, 43°, 22° and 27°, 42°, 22° on X-ray films and by finite element simulation. The average error of finite element simulation was 3.9%. Conclusion Lenke 1 BN idiopathic scoliosis FEM is intact, reliable and effective for further biomechanical simulation study.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between left ventricular function and arterial stiffness of left femoral artery in patients with lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD).Methods Thirty-three patients with LEAD and 37 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled in this study.The intima-media thickness (IMT),diameter and parameters of arterial stiffness [dispensability coefficient (DC),compliance coefficient (CC),stiffness α,stiffness β,pulse wave velocity (PWVβ) ]were measured by ultrasonography with the technology of QIMT and QAS.The thickness of the interventricular septum (IVSd),end-diastolic left ventricular diameter (LVDd) and left ventricular mass (LVM),and parameters of the left ventriculsr function (EF,E/A,E'/A',E/E' and Tei index) were measured by echocardiography.These parameters were compared between two groups.Correlations between the parameters of the arterial stiffness and those of the cardiac function were evaluated by Pearson correlative analysis.Results ①The IVSd,LVM and E/E' ratio were significantly higher in LEAD group than those in control group ( P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in EF,E/A,E'/A',and Tei index between two groups ( P ＞0.05).②The IMT,α,β,PWVβ of left femoral artery were significantly higher in LEAD group than those in control group,while DC and CC were significantly lower in LEAD group than those in control group ( P ＜0.05).③The E/E' ratio,one of the parameters representing the left ventricular diastolic function,was correlated negatively with CC and positively with α,β,and PWVβ ( P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01 ).The E'/A' ratio was correlated positively with DC and CC,and negatively with α,β,and PWVβ ( P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01 ).Both EF and Tei index were not significantly correlated with the above parameters of arterial stiffness ( P ＞0.05).Conclusions Patients with LEAD have thickened femoral IMT,higher arterial stiffness of left femoral artery,as well as impaired left ventricular function.There is a close correlation between the atherosclerosis of the femoral artery and the early left vcntricular dysfunction.

Objective To evaluate the association between the left carotid arterial stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function in patients with lower extremity atherosclerosis (AS).Methods ①A total of 32 patients with AS and 34 control objects were enrolled.The carotid arterial stiffness parameters:compliance coefficient (CC),distensibility coefficient (DC),stiffness parameter (α,β),pulse wave velocity β (PWVβ) were measured by using quality arterial stiffness(QAS) technology.And the values were compared between the two groups.②The parameters of left ventricular (LV) structure and function:LV end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVSd),LV end-diastolic diameter (LVDd),LV end-diastolic wall thickness (PWd),LV ejection fraction (EF),systolic velocity (s'),early-diastolic velocity (e'),Tei index and E/e' ratio were measured by using two-dimensional echocardiography and tissue Doppler.These parameters were compared between the two groups.The association between the carotid arterial stiffness parameters and LV function parameters were analyzed by correlative analysis.Results ①Compared with the control group,the DC and CC were lower,and α,β,PWVβ,IMT were higer than the control group,with statistically significant differences(P ＜0.05).②The IVSd,Tei index and E/e'was significantly higher in the AS group than those in the control group.And the PWd,s',e' were lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in EF between the two groups (P ＞0.05).③The e' was correlated positively with DC and CC (r =0.39,0.36,P ＜0.01),and negatively with α,β,and PWVβ (r =-0.42,-0.42,-0.49,P ＜0.01).Tei index was correlated negatively with DC and CC (r =-0.50,-0.52,P ＜0.01),and positively with α,β,and PWVβ (r =0.58,0.58,0.62,P ＜0.01).The E/e' was correlated regatively with CC (r =-0.27,P ＜0.05),and positively with PWVβ (r =0.28,P ＜0.05).There were no significant correlation between s',EF and the stiffness parameters of carotid artery (P＞0.05).Conclusions In patients with AS,the left carotid artery stiffness increases and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function are impaired.The carotid artery stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function is correlated.Changes in carotid artery stiffness reflect the change in left ventricular diastolic function.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is no cure at present,and only drugs and surgery can relieve symptoms,delay and reduce recurrence.Therefore,it is very important to monitor the disease activity.Glycocalyx,a polyglycoprotein complex covering luminal side of vascular endothelial cells,is supportive in maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier,and inflammation leads to its structural damage.This review introduces currently available non-invasive biomarkers of clinical importance for IBD in laboratory testing,and analyzes the value of serum glycocalyx injury markers(syndecan-1,HS and HA)in the diagnosis or monitoring of IBD.

Objective To evaluate the application value of three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) in quantitatively evaluating the left ventricular global strain in recipients within 3 months after renal transplantation. Methods Clinical data including blood pressure, serum creatinine and tacrolimus blood concentration of 34 renal transplant recipients were collected before operation, 7 d, 1 month and 3 months after operation, respectively. Meanwhile, conventional echocardiography and 3D-STI examination were performed. Echocardiographic parameters [left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)] and 3D-STI parameters [left ventricular global peak longitudinal strain (GPLS), global peak circumferential strain (GPCS), global peak radial strain (GPRS) and global peak area strain (GPAS)] of recipients were collected. The changes of these parameters before operation, 7 d, 1 month and 3 months after operation were statistically compared. The changing characteristic and application value of 3D-STI in quantitatively evaluating the left ventricular global strain in recipients within 3 months after renal transplantation were evaluated. Results LVEF and GPCS did not significantly differ at different time points (all P > 0.05), whereas LVEDV, LVESV, GPLS, GPAS and GPRS significantly differed at different time points from preoperative to within postoperative 3 months (all P < 0.001). GPLS, GPAS and GPRS trended to decline within postoperative 1 month, and slightly increased at 3 months after operation, which was still lower than the preoperative levels. Conclusions Application of 3D-STI may sensitively detect the changes of left ventricular global strain in recipients after renal transplantation when no significant variations are observed in postoperative LVEF. Compared with conventional echocardiography, 3D-STI may more accurately evaluate the changes of left ventricular global strain in recipients after renal transplantation.

Objective To explore the feasibility and validity of Satir model on compulsory drug rehabilitation for female drug users in closed settings. Methods Satir Model-based group psychotherapy was adopted in the treatment on 33 female drug users. Results The findings are that the pre-treatment SCL-90 scores were all higher than norm,indicating very high significant differences(P＜0.01) ; while the post-treatment SCL-90 scores,except the score of somatization, were approximate to norm, showing no statistical differences(P ＞0. 05). Conclusion Satir model played a positive role in the process of female drug users mental health recovery.

Cervical cancer is a common malignant tumor in gynecology, and its morbidity and mortality rates rank the fourth among female malignant tumors. Lymph node metastasis is the most important pattern of metastasis and a critical independent prognostic factor for cervical cancer. Considering the high missed diagnosis rate of para-aortic lymph node metastasis, and the high treatment failure rate caused by para-aortic lymph node metastasis after cervical cancer treatment, a small number of clinicians have applied preventive extended-field radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with Ⅲ B and Ⅲ c1 cervical cancer in recent years. This article reviews the prognosis and side effects of preventive extended-field radiotherapy in patients with stage Ⅲ B and Ⅲ c1 cervical cancer.

Immunosuppressants are the most commonly used therapeutic means to reduce organ transplantation rejection and improve short-term clinical outcomes of patients after transplantation. However, systemic use of immunosuppressants increases the risk of opportunistic infections and the incidence of malignancies. Therefore, the efficient targeted delivery of immunosuppressants to target organs is particularly important. Lymph nodes are the main sites of transplant rejection activation. In recent years, drug delivery systems targeting lymph nodes have played an increasingly important role in the treatment of organ transplant rejection. This review briefly introduces the mechanism of action of lymph nodes in transplant rejection, and focuses on the construction of lymph node targeted drug delivery system and its application in transplant rejection, aiming to apply it in the treatment of transplant rejection toimprove patient outcomes.

BACKGROUND: We have recently developed a new Coronary Artery Tree description and Lesion EvaluaTion (CatLet) angiographic scoring system. Our preliminary studies have demonstrated its superiority over the the Synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score with respect to outcome predictions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. The current study hypothesized that the residual CatLet (rCatLet) score predicts clinical outcomes for AMI patients and that a combination with the three clinical variables (CVs)-age, creatinine, and ejection fraction, will enhance its predicting values. METHODS: The rCatLet score was calculated retrospectively in 308 consecutively enrolled patients with AMI. Primary endpoint, major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCE) including all-cause mortality, non-fatal AMI, transient ischemic attack/stroke, and ischemia-driven repeat revascularization, was stratified according to rCatLet score tertiles: rCatLet_low ≤3, rCatLet_mid 4-11, and rCatLet_top ≥12, respectively. Cross-validation confirmed a reasonably good agreement between the observed and predicted risks. RESULTS: Of 308 patients analyzed, the rates of MACCE, all-cause death, and cardiac death were 20.8%, 18.2%, and 15.3%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves for all endpoints showed increasing outcome events with the increasing tertiles of the rCatLet score, with P values <0.001 on trend test. For MACCE, all-cause death, and cardiac death, the area under the curves (AUCs) of the rCatLet score were 0.70 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.63-0.78), 0.69 (95% CI: 0.61-0.77), and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63-0.79), respectively; the AUCs of the CVs-adjusted rCatLet score models were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78-0.89), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82-0.92), and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84-0.94), respectively. The performance of CVs-adjusted rCatLet score was significantly better than the stand-alone rCatLet score in terms of outcome predictions. CONCLUSION: The rCatLet score has a predicting value for clinical outcomes for AMI patients and the incorporation of the three CVs into the rCatLet score will enhance its predicting ability. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chictr.org.cn , ChiCTR-POC-17013536.
Humans ; Coronary Artery Disease/complications* ; Death ; Myocardial Infarction/etiology* ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome