Objective To understand the distribution of nosocomial infection pathogens and drug - resistance in intensive care unit of our hospital for providing the guidance of clinical rational administration and preventing the hospital infection. Methods Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the patients who suffered from nosocomial infection in intensive care unit from January of 2008 to December of 2008. They were tested by microbe VITEK and drug - sensitive reagent. Rate of drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria was analyzed. Results Gram - negative bacilli( G- ) accounted for 47.67% of the isolated pathogenic bacteria,and most were Acinetobacter baumannii (21.65%) , Pscudomonas aeruginosa( 8.00% ) , Stenotropham onasm altophilia(6.33% ) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.00%). Grampositive cocci ( G~+ ) accounted for 9.56 % , and most were Staphylococcus aureus (5.56%) and Enterococcus faecium ( 1.44 % ). The rnycetes occupied the 42. 78% of the pathogens. The main pathogenic bacteria were Candida albicans (24. 44% ) and Candida albicans ( 10.89% ). The rate of drug resistance of Gram - negative bacilli( G~- ) was high as a whole,while the rate of mycetes was low. Conclusion Enhance monitoring on pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance analyses of nosocomial infection in ICU could benefit for the guide of clinical rational administration and depressing multidrug - resistant bacteria.

Objective To investigate the etiology clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric neurogenic pulmonary edema(NPE).Methods The clinical data of 18 hospitalized children with NPE were retrospectively analyzed.Results 18 cases of NPE children with traumatic brain injury 2 cases( 11.1％ ),cervical spinal cord injury 1 case(5.5％ ) and,subarachnoid hemorrhage 2 cases( 11.1％ ),and epilepticus states 2 cases( 11.1％ ),non-HFMD caused encephalitis 3 cases( 16.6％ ),NPE caused hand,foot and mouth disease 8 cases(45.6％ ),survival 6 cases (33.3％) and 12 patients died (66.7％)in 18 hospitalized children with NPE.Conclusion The common cause of pediatric NPE was central nervous system infections and poor prognosis,early diagnosis and early treatment could improve the efficacy and prognosis.

Objective To explore the prophylaxis and treatment of hypoxic spells on patients with TOF.Methods Retrospectively analysed and compared the case history of the inpatients with TOP in our hospital,to analyse the epilepticus cause of hypoxic spells and study the hypoxia mechanism and summarize the prevention and control measures.Results 4(17%)cases of TOF died after hypoxic spells,the epilepticus cause of hypoxic spells included suckling,early getting up,crying,standing abruptly after stool,scorching climate,infection fever and anemia,the hypoxia mechanism was likely to the increase of infundibulum cardiac muscle contraction,the systemic circulation resistance drop suddenly,hypezventilation,high-viscosity syndrome.Conclusion To control the epilepticus cause and perform operative treatment early can reduce the hypoxic spells.The prevention and control measures were strengthening the live nurse,disconnected oxygen inhalation,oral beta-blocker therapy and venons injection 5% sodium bicarbonate.Early operative treatment was the best redical treatment.

To explore the application of protein fingerprint technique and differential diagnosis in bacteriological negative pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia ,60 patients with bacteriological negative pulmonary tuberculosis ,60 patients with pneumonia ,and 60 healthy volunteers were selected from known clinical cases .Surface strengthening laser desorption ioniza-tion time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI ToF Ms) and protein chip technology were applied to detect serum proteins ,and analyze their protein peaks by Ciphergen protein chip 3 .1 .1 software .Comparison of the serum protein fingerprinting data from the pool of 180 patients and healthy volunteers showed significant difference in 5 protein peaks (1 028 .49 ,4 796 .56 ,7 564 .77 , 8 048 .02 ,and 11 526 .75 m/z) identified between pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia (P<0 .01) .The total effective rate of the 5 protein peaks as a diagnosis model for differential diagnosis of bacteriological negative pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia was 84 .2% (101/120) ,the specificity was 82 .5% (52/63) ,the sensitivity was 85 .9% (49/57) ,the positive pre-dictive value was 86 .7% (52/60) ,and the negative predictive value was 81 .7% (49/60) .The total effective rate of the diagno-sis model for differential diagnosis of bacteriological negative pulmonary tuberculosis ,pneumonia and healthy volunteers was 89 .4% (161/180) .The specificity was 100% (60/60) ,the sensitivity was 84 .2% (101/120) ,the positive predictive value was 100% (101/101) ,and the negative predictive value was 75 .9% (60/79) .Protein fingerprinting technology is advanta-geous of being a simple method ,quick detection ,and requires less amount of sample .It is an effective means to screening the tuberculosis specific markers .We found the good diagnosis model through the detection of serum protein by protein fingerprint-ing technology .

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the common pathogens isolated from urine from 2015 to 2021 in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program.Methods The bacterial strains were isolated from urine and identified routinely in 51 hospitals across China in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer method,automatic microbiological analysis system and E-test according to the unified protocol.Results A total of 261 893 nonduplicate strains were isolated from urine specimen from 2015 to 2021,of which gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.8％(62 219/261 893),and gram-negative bacteria 76.2％(199 674/261 893).The most common species were E.coli(46.7％),E.faecium(10.4％),K.pneumoniae(9.8％),E.faecalis(8.7％),P.mirabilis(3.5％),P.aeruginosa(3.4％),SS.agalactiae(2.6％),and E.cloacae(2.1％).The strains were more frequently isolated from inpatients versus outpatients and emergency patients,from females versus males,and from adults versus children.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae and P.mirabilis was 53.2％,52.8％and 37.0％,respectively.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii was 1.7％,18.5％,16.4％,and 40.3％,respectively.Lower than 10％of the E.faecalis isolates were resistant to ampicillin,nitrofurantoin,linezolid,vancomycin,teicoplanin and fosfomycin.More than 90％of the E.faecium isolates were ressitant to ampicillin,levofloxacin and erythromycin.The percentage of strains resistant to vancomycin,linezolid or teicoplanin was＜2％.The E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains isolated from ICU inpatients showed significantly higher resistance rates than the corresponding strains isolated from outpatients and non-ICU inpatients.Conclusions E.coli,Enterococcus and K.pneumoniae are the most common pathogens in urinary tract infection.The bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance of urinary isolates vary with different populations.More attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistance surveillance and reduce the irrational use of antimicrobial agents.