Although the concept of united airway disease has been widely accepted, most scholars emphasize only the effect of rhino-sinusitis while ignoring the pharyngeal factors to the lower airway, especially to the allergic pharyngitis (AP), which still lacks enough awareness. First of all, absence of unified diagnostic standard leads to the lack of epidemiological data, which, results in doctors' personal experience but no guideline in treatments. In addition, it is still not clear that the role of AP in the allergic airway diseases and its relationship with asthma. However, the number of patients with AP has been increasing obviously in daily clinic practice. Combined with the previous observation, this paper does a systematic review about the clinical problems of AP, expecting to give a hand to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AP.
Asthma ; Humans ; Pharyngitis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Sinusitis

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and clinicopathological features and prognosis of serous ovarian cancer retrospectively. Methods A total of 73 patients with serous ovarian cancer treated in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2000 to December 2015 were included in this study. The relationship between serum FSH, LH, PRL and clinicopathological features was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U method. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method was used to analyze survival rates of patients with different clinical features. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to analyze prognostic factors of serous ovarian cancer patients. Results The mean concentrations of serum FSH and LH were significantly higher in the>50 year-old group than those in the<50 year-old group (P<0.05). The mean concentrations of FSH and LH were significantly higher in menopause group than those in non-menopause group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum levels of FSH and LH in patients with other different clinicopathological features (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between serum PRL concentration and clinicopathological features (P>0.05). Analysis results showed that poor prognosis of patients was related with high serum levels of FSH (>40.13 IU/L), PRL (>14.96 μg/L) and FIGO stage (Ⅲ+Ⅳ) (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between serum LH concentration and prognosis (P>0.05). COX regression analysis showed that the serum PRL>14.96 μg/L was risk factor for prognosis of serous ovarian cancer [HR(95%CI): 3.530(1.180-10.557),P=0.024]. Conclusion The serum levels of FSH and LH are significantly increased in postmenopausal women than those in menopause women. The serum level of PRL is correlated with the prognosis of serous ovarian cancer.

Objective:To explore the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Homo sapiens longevity assur-ance homologue 2 (LASS2) gene 3′-untranslated regions (UTR) and susceptibility of bladder cancer among residents of Yunnan, China. Methods:A total of 105 bladder cancer patients (bladder cancer group) and 100 nonbladder cancer patients (control group) were se-lected. PCR method and sequence for LASS2-3′-UTR were performed to identify the SNPs correlated with bladder cancer. The relation-ships between the LASS2-3′-UTR polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk were analyzed. Results:An SNP (rs8444) was identified in LASS2-3′-UTR, and the T/C allele frequencies and genotype distributions of rs8444 largely differed between the bladder cancer and control groups (χ2=10.267, P=0.006;χ2=10.634, P=0.001). Individuals that carry the rs8444 C allele or CC genotype had a remarkably lower risk of bladder cancer compared with those that carry the T allele or TT genotype (OR=0.489, 95%CI:0.309-0.772, P=0.002;OR=0.258, 95%CI:0.081-0.827, P=0.023). No significant correlations were observed between the T/C allele frequencies and genotype distri-butions of rs8444 and TNM stage, as well as histological grade and distant metastasis in bladder cancer (P>0.05). Conclusion: The rs8444 C allele or CC genotype located within LASS2-3′-UTR can lower the susceptibility of bladder cancer among the residents of Yun-nan, China. However, it is not associated with the TNM stage, histological grade, and distant metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the homing molecules expression of CD49d, CCRg, CD62L on T lymphocytes in AIDS patients before and after treatment with HAART. Methods The study was per-formed in 42 cases of AIDS patients and 18 cases of healthy controls. The expression of CD49d, CCR9 and CD62L on T lymphocytes in AIDS patients and healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry. Software BD FACSDiva was used to calculate the percentage of expression. Results The number of peripheral CD4~+ T lymphocytes in group on-HAART was significantly increased compared with group pre-HAART (P<0.01) ; the frequency of CD3~+ CD49d~+, CD3~+CCR9~+, CD3~+CD62L~+, CD3~+CD4~+, CD4~+CD49d~+,CD4~+CCR9~+, CD4~+CD62L~+, CD8~+CD49d~+, CD8~+CD62L~+T lymphocyte in group pre-HAART were statistically decreased compared with group on-HAART and controls(P<0.05) ; The frequency of CD3~+ CD8~+ T lymphocytes was significantly increased compared with group on-HAART(P<0.05) ; the frequency of CD3~+ CCR9~+, CD8~+CCR9~+, CD8~+CD62L~+ T lymphocytes in group on-HAART were significantly de-creased than controls (P<0.001). Conclusion Not only the number of T lymphocytes sub-group, but the expression rate of gut homing molecules CD49d and CCR9, lymph node homing molecule CD62L on T lym-phocytes was changed in AIDS patients : the lower expression frequency of gut homing molecules CD49d and CCR9, lymph node homing molecule CD62L. Anti-virus therapy could partially reverse the immunologic pathological phenomena. CD49d, CCR9 and CD62L may be suggested to indicate the progression of AIDS and immunologic reeonstitution after HAART.

Liver transplantation is a standard life-saving procedure for end-stage liver diseases.The therapeutic potential of this procedure may be limited by post-operative infectious complications.A better understanding on the common important infectious complications may improve the life quality and survival rate after liver transplantation.In this article,we review the progress on infectious complications after liver transplantation,with particular emphasis on risk factors,clinical manifestations,diagnostic methods,prevention measures and specific treatments for bacterial,fungal,cytomegalovirus infections.

Objective To compare the effect of treating cricopharyngeal achalasia in stroke survivors using transnasal or transoral balloon dilatation.Methods Thirty stroke survivors with cricopharyngeal achalasia were randomly divided into a transnasal and a transoral balloon dilatation group (group N and group O),each of 15.Both groups were given routine swallowing rehabilitation training as well as the transnasal or transoral balloon dilatation.Their heart rate was monitored during the dilatation.Nasal bleeding,mucous membrane swelling and pain were also observed.Their swallowing function was evaluated using the Fujishima Ichiro swallowing efficacy score (FISE) and videofluoroscopy (VFSS) before and after the intervention.Results After the treatment,the average FISE and VFSS scores of both groups had improved significantly comnpared to before the treatment but there were no significant differences between the groups.During the treatment,the average heart rate of group O increased significantly less than that of group N.The treatment acceptance of group O was 98.2％,significantly higher than that of group N (80.1％).One case of mucosal bleeding was observed in group O,and laryngeal edema occurred significantly less often than in group N (9 cases vs.7).The average pain score was also significantly lower in group O.Conclusions Balloon dilatation facilitates swallowing among stroke survivors with cricopharyngeal achalasia.The transoral approach can help to reduce the occurrence of complications such as mucosal bleeding,laryngeal edema and pain,and has better patient acceptance.

Objective To explore CD59 expression on CD4+T cells in HIV infected patients and its relationship with apoptosis.Methods 12 HIV infected patients and 10 healthy donors were performed in this study.The PBMC(peripheral blood monocyte)were collected and cell surface cytokine were stained,and then were evaluated with the BD FACSCanto flow cytometry.The expression of CD59 on T lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by FACSDiva software,and the apoptosis rate of CD59+CD4+T cells and CD59-CD4+T cells in every group was analyzed respectively,then the results were compared between groups.Results Compared with healthy donor,the expression of CD59 on T cells in HIV infected patients was significantly hisher(t=5.198,P＜0.01),and the apoptosis rate of CD59+CD4+T cells had significantly higher(t=5.968,P＜0.01).The apoptosis rate of CD59-CD4+T cells was no difference between two groups (t=0.1353,P=0.8577).Condnsion HIV infection increase CD59 expression on CD4+T cells,and CD59+CD4+T cells were prone to apoptosis.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of 2D and 3D laparoscopic radical prostectomy and summarize surgical experience of laparoscopic radical prostectomy of early prostate cancer.MethodsThe clinical data of 34 cases of prostate cancer treated in our institute from November 2015 to April 2016 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The patients in observation group (11 cases) were treated by 3D laparoscopic radical prostectomy, while those in control group (23 cases) were given 2D laparoscopic radical prostectomy. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative drainage time, quantity of drainage fluid within 24 hours postoperatively, indwelling catheter time, hospital time, positive surgical margin rate, potence rate, 30d-urinary continence rate and complications were compared between the two groups.Results All operations were successfully performed. There were no signiifcant differences in operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative drainage time, quantity of drainage lfuid within 24 hours postoperatively, indwelling catheter time, hospital time, positive surgical margin rate, potence rate, 30d-urinary continence rate and complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). In observation group, the operation time was (153.52 ± 30.47) min and the potence rate was 50.0 %, 4 cases with uroclepsia (36.4 %), 1 case with urine leakage (9.1 %), no patient had urethral stricture or positive surgical margin, the 30d-urinary continence rate was 72.7 %. In control group, the operation time was (164.73 ± 28.65) min and the potence rate was 38.9 %, 13 cases with uroclepsia (56.5 %), 4 cases with urine leakage (17.4 %), 1 case with urethral stricture (4.3 %), 2 cases with positive surgical margin (8.7 %), 30d-urinary continence rate was 60.9 %.ConclusionLaparoscopic radical prostectomy is a safe, effective and less invasive method for treating early prostate cancer patients. Also 3D laparoscopic radical prostectomy play the similar functional results compared with 2D laparoscopic radical prostectomy, but 3D laparoscopic has the advantage in three dimensions space sense and accurate operation, it is worthy of promoting clinical application.

Objective To explore the cleaning status and cleaning quality of dental handpieces in various types of medical institutions in Suzhou City.Methods On October 26-31, 2015, dental clinics in the whole city were sampled according to cross-sectional survey and proportional sampling method, the cleaning quality of dental handpieces in each clinic was detected by ATP bioluminescence assay.Results 72 medical institutions, 201 handpieces, 402 samples in 10 administrative regions of the city were sampled, 42 samples was unqualified, unqualified rate was 10.45％, unqualified rate of cleaning of dental handpiece surface was higher than waterline of dental handpiece(17.91％ vs 2.99％, P<0.05).Cleaning quality of dental handpieces in different grades of medical institutions was different(P<0.05), tertiary medical institutions were all ualified, medical institutions without grade was 14.45％.According to the classification based on name of different medical institutions, cleaning quality of handpieces was statistically significant(P<0.05), cleaning efficacy of dental handpieces in department of stomatology of public hospitals was best(unqualified rate was 4.31％), while private dental clinics had the worst cleaning efficacy(unqualified rate was 13.81％).Conclusion Education and training of dental handpieces cleaning in the whole city should be strengthened, especially the management of cleaning of dental handpieces in low grade and private dental clinics.

Objective To understand the cleaning quality of dental handpieces in Suzhou City, analyze the relevant factors that influencing cleaning effect.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with the proportional system sampling method, questionnaires were adopted to investigate the cleaning location, cleaning method and process of dental handpieces, the ATP fluorescence detection method was conducted to detect cleaning quality.Results In 10 administrative regions of this city, a total of 72 medical institutions were selected, 25 were public medical oral diagnosis and treatment institutions, 47 were private clinics.Cleaning effect of automatic handpiece cleaning machine was better than traditional manual cleaning (unqualified rate :3.95% vs 11.96%, P<0.05), unqualified rate of handpieces cleaned by cleaning personnel without inadequate knowledge was higher than that by personnel with adequate knowledge(14.88% vs 3.57%, P<0.05).Qualified rate of cleaning: different cleaning locations ranged from 5.00% to 11.23%, cleaning equipment was inadequate and sufficient 11.89% and 7.29% respectively, cleaning personnel were not designated and designated 12.16% and 9.83% respectively, but the difference were not statistically significant (all P>0.05).The quality of cleaning of handpieces could be improved if waiting time of cleaning ≤30 minutes, enzymes were used during cleaning, and purified water was used at the end rinse(all P<0.05);whether there was drying process and used lubricant, difference were both not significant.Conclusion Using automatic handpiece cleaning machine, cleaning personnel with adequate knowledge, cleaning waiting time ≤30 minutes, enzyme use during the cleaning process, and purified water use at the end rinse can improve the quality of cleaning of dental handpieces.