Objective To investigate the effects of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on precancerous changes and carcinoma of the skin in situ. Methods Fifteen patients with actinic keratosis, 3 patients with erythroplasia of Queyrat and 8 patients with Bowen′s disease were given topical ALA followed by PDT. Results The clearance was achieved in 17 lesions of 15 patients with actinic keratosis, 2 patients with erythroplasia of Queyrat and 7 patients with Bowen′s disease by topical ALA-PDT. The recurrence rates were 13.33%, 0 and 14.28% for actinic keratosis, erythroplasia of Queyrat and Bowen′s disease, respectively. Conclusions Topical ALA-PDT is a simple, effective and new treatment with lower recurrent rates, no scar formation and excellent cosmetic results for precancerous changes and carcinoma in situ of the skin, especially for the large and multifocal lesions located on the face and external genitalia.

Objective To explore the effect and the mechanism of modulated magnetic pulse fields on memory retention and retrieval ability of rats. Methods The influence of different pulsed magnetic fields on memory performance of rats was evaluated by using cross maze test, the morphological changes of neurons and nerve synapses in the hippocampus of rats were observed by the electronic microscopy. Results The 20 Hz modulated-pulse magnetic field impaired the memory retrieval ability and the memory retention significantly after 1 hour of exposure of the rats to it ( P 0.05). These influences on nerve tissues were also observed in rats underwent the 10Hz modulated magnetic stimulation, manifested as an initial increase in ability of memory in the first 24 hours after the stimulation, but no significant difference from the control was found. The influence of magnetic fields on memory depended on what the rats remembered. Conclusion Changes in the nerve synapses may be a main factor of mechanisms of the influence of pulse magnetic fields on memory ability of rats.

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in moderate to severe acne. Methods Seventy patients with moderate to severe acne were randomly divided into two groups, one group was treated with topical ALA-PDT for 1-3 sessions with an interval of 2 weeks, the other group received oral isotretinoin 10 mg twice a day for 6 weeks. Patients were evaluated for efficacy on week 2, 4 and 6 after the initial treatment. A 3-month follow up was performed to monitor adverse events following the end treatment. Results The total effective rate was 97.1% in ALA-PDT group after 1-3 sessions of treatment, 80.0% in the control group on week 6, and the difference was significant between the two groups (P<0.05). Acne lesions tended to recur more slightly with a longer remission period in ALA-PDT group than in the control group. A temporary and local pigmentation was observed in some patients treated with ALA-PDT, but no scar was noticed. Conclusion Topical ALA-PDT is a simple and effective treatment option for moderate to severe acne with mild side effects.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between mRNA and protein expression of HtrA and Streptococcus mutans i-solated from the children with different caries experience and to provide the theoretical and experimental basis on prediction of dent-al caries in deciduous teeth .Methods The strains of Streptococcus mutans isolated from children with different carious experiences in the preliminary experiments were divided into three groups :high caries-susceptible group ,middle caries-susceptible group ,caries-free group .All strains were reanimated on the agar plate of MS ,and after smear pure culture examination ,typical bacteria were in-cubated in BHI ,then purified nucleic acid and extracted all the RNA of streptococcus mutans by reverse transcription PCR and de-tected it by agarose gel electrophoresis integrality .Synthetic cDNA and take further PCR amplification with cDNA products .Ob-serve records results by Gel imaging system .HtrA of target gene and electrophoresis image were gray scan by Gel quantitative soft-ware Gel-Pro analyzer 4 .0 was used to analyze relative expression value of gene .After purifying protein ,collected total protein of Streptococcus mutans strains by Western Blot method ,then tested the concentration of total protein sample .The results of Chemilu-minescence imaging were scanned into computer by Bio-Rad analyzing system ,calculated the gray value by software Quantity One 4 .4 .0 which showed the relative expression level of protein .Results There were significant differences in HtrA mRNA and protein expression of different Streptococcus mutans isolated from the children with different caries susceptibility .high caries-susceptible group> middle caries-susceptible group> caries-free group (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion There were significant differences in HtrA mRNA and protein expression of different Streptococcus mutans isolated from the children with different caries susceptibility .The higher caries susceptibility the group was ,the more HtrA mRNA and protein the strain express .

Objective To study the effect of different attention states on auditory ERP and EEG power in normal subjects. Methods In three different states such as passive attention,active attention with target counting and active attention without target counting,EEG were recorded using oddball paradigm in 8 normal subjects while the test tones were presented;Then the peak-peak amplitude and latency of ERP were evaluated and the EEG power spectra were observed. Results The condition of active attention with target counting resulted in the smallest peak-peak amplitude of P 2-N 1 and the largest one of P 3-N 2,and it led to the increment of EEG power at the frequency of 10Hz,while the latencies did not differ among the three different attention states. Conclusion Reduced P 2-N 1 amplitude and increased P 3-N 2 amplitude reflected the allocation changes of attention resource in different states,and increased EEG power reflected more energy consumption in the process of recognition and memory,but the latency was relatively stable and not affected significantly by subject's attention condition.

BACKGROUND: Recently, many researches suggest that transcranial magnetic stimulation has effect on learning and memory. Moreover, the effects of magnetic fields simulating electroencephalogram (EEG) rhythm on memory have been investigated.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of magnetic field simulating EEG rhythm on memory retrieval ability and its mechanism.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University,and School of Precision Instrument & Photoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at the Electroscopic Center of TianjSn Medical University and Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering Department of Tianjin University from February 2002 to February 2004.Totally 25 Wistar rats and 5 domestic cats were selected from the Experimental Animal Center of Tianjin Medical University.INTERVENTIONS: All the 25 Wister rats were randomly divided into 5 group, 4 experimental groups and one control group with 5 rats in each group. Magnetic field simulating EEG rhythm was used to stimulate Wistar rats in the 4 experimental groups, but the time and frequency rate were different. Group 1 was stimulated by weak magnetic field with frequency in α rhythm (10 Hz); Group 2 was stimulated by weak magnetic field with frequency in β rhythm (20 Hz); Group 3 was stimulated by weak magnetic field with frequency changing from α to β rhythm; and Group 4 was stimulated by weak magnetic field with frequency changing from β to α rhythm. Memory retrieval ability and changes of neurotransmitters in the brain were recorded. Five cats were treated with weak magnetic field with frequency changing from α to β rhythm for 20 minutes, and the changes of EEG power spectra before and after stimulation were compared.information from long-term memory was tested with modified cross maze;hippocampus of the rats was measured with high performance liquid multiple-channel electrophysiological recording device.Comparison of memory retrieval ability: Memory retrieval ability in Group 2 and Group 4 was obviously higher than that in control group 5 hours after Content ofdopamine (DA) in rats' cerebral hippocampus: It was obviously higher in the 4 experimental groups than in control group [(192.72±18.66,percentage of power spectrum of β rhythm was increased after stimulation [(23.0±3.4, 14.2±1.3) %.].CONCLUSION: Most of the weak magnetic fields simulating EEG rhythm of human brain can decrease the retrieval of long-term memory, but magnetic field with special rhythm may increase memory retrieval ability.All the effects are related to the release of hippocampal neurotransmitters which is mediated by the change of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and synaptic vesicle.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in cervical condyloma acuminatum. Methods Forty-five patients with cervical condyloma acuminatum topically applied 10% ALA thermal gel followed by PDT. The treatment was repeated 14 days later if the lesion was not completely removed. Totally, 1 - 4 treatment sessions were given. Thirty-five patients with cervical condyloma acuminatum who received CO2 laser treatment served as the control. All patients were followed up for 12 weeks. Results Complete remission was achieved in 97.8% (44/45) of patients with cervical condyloma acuminatum treated by ALA-PDT, and among the 44 cured patients, 3 were treated by 1 cycle of ALA-PDT, 6 by 2 cycles, 20 by 3 cycles, and 15 by 4 cycles. The lesions of condyloma acuminatum were removed after 1 session of CO2 laser treatment in 30 patients, and after repeated treatments in 5 patients, with the complete remission rate being 100% (35/35). The overall recurrence rate calculated for the whole followup period in patients treated with ALA-PDT was significantly lower than that in patients treated with CO2 laser [6.8% (3/44) vs 31.4% (11/35), x2 = 6.497, P ＜ 0.05]. However, no significant difference in complete remission rate was found between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). Almost all the patients in ALA-PDT group presented with pain of bythus during illumination, but no severe side effects or scar formation was observed. In patients treated with CO2 laser, adverse reactions mainly included bleeding, erosion, shallow ulcer and even scar formation. Conclusions Topical ALA-PDT is effective and safe for the treatment and reduction in recurrence of condyloma acuminatum, and may serve as a therapeutic option for cervical condyloma acuminatum.

Objective To evaluate application effects of mind map in standardized training courses for the new nurses.Method 73 new nurses who graduated for 1-3 years were random divided into an experimental group (n=37) and a control group (n=36).Nursing department organized standardized training course for 73 new nurses for one year.The control group used conventional teaching methods,while the experimental group introduced mind mapping in teaching.Effects were evaluated after one year.Results The average scores of both theory and operation examination in experimental group were better than the control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (P=0.002,0.000).The score of critical thinking ability:the total score of experimental group was (303.89 ±23.81),higher than the total score of the control group (280.36 ± 17.22),and the total score and seven dimension score difference had statistical significance(P＜0.05,for all).Besides,the total score of selfstudy ability in the experimental group (126.54 ± 5.65),was higher than those in the control group (116.58-± 6.36),and the total score and four dimension score difference had statistical significance (P＜0.05).Conclusion Using mind mapping in the standardized training courses for nurses can arouse nurses' interest in learning,improve their critical thinking skills and autonomous self-study ability,and enhance the effectiveness of training.

Objective To observe the preventive and therapeutic effects of the new process extracts ofTangwang Mingmu Granule on rats with diabetic retinopathy.Methods The best preparation process technology of drug extraction was improved and selected based on the traditional water decoction of Chinese medicine. The active ingredient of two processes were detected and compared by HPLC. In vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation models were used to evaluate the drug effects and analyze its mechanism. MTT assay was used to analyze the inhibitory effects of extracts in the two processes on EA.hy 926 cell proliferation in vitro. The effects of two extracts on STZ induced rat diabetic microvascular disease and its related factors were observed by retinal slice staining and ELISA.Results Compared with the traditional process, the active ingredients of the extracts were improved by the new technology ofTangwang Mingmu Granule. The preparation process ofTangwang Mingmu Granule could significantly improve the diabetic rat retinal microvascular pathological state, and reduce the protein expression levels of angiogenesis related factors.Conclusion The new preparation process could effectively improve the active ingredients in the herbal extract. The extract of new technology showed a significantly effect on the diabetic rats in retinal microvascular pathology state. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory factors.

Objective To realize the simultaneous control of two laboratory instruments by a computer. Methods On the basis of analysing the mode of communication between computer and laboratory instrument, the author expanded the computer's COM interface through the USB / COM converter. Results The author realized a computer controlling MP280 CLIA chemiluminescence analyzer and anthos 2010 enzyme tester at the same time. Conclusion User can use computer's USB interface and USB / COM converter to achieve controlling multiple instruments and equipments at the same time, as long as the communication interface of equipment is open. This method has preferable potential application.